• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.915-920
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• 2001

A spent fuel problem has prevented the nuclear power from claiming to be a completely clean energy source. The nuclear transmutation technology to incinerate the long lived radioactive nuclides and produce energy during the incineration process is believed to be one or the best solutions. HYPER(Hybrid Power Extraction Reactor) is the accelerator driven transmutation system which is being developed by KAERI(Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute). Some major feature of HYPER have been developed and employed. On-power fueling concepts are employed to keep system power constant with minimum variation of accelerator power. A hollow cylinder-type metal fuel is designed for the on-line refueling concept. Lead-bismuth(Pb-Bi) is adopted as a coolant and Spallation target material. HYPER is a subcritical reactor which needs an external neutron source. 1GeV proton beam is irradiated to Lead-bismuth(Pb-Bi) target inside HYPER, and spallation neutrons are produced. When proton beams are irradiated, much heat is also deposited in the Pb-Bi target and beam window which separates Pb-Bi and accelerator vacuum. Therfore, an effective cooling is needed for HYPER target. In this paper, we performed the thermal-hydraulic analysis of HYPER target using FLUENT code, and also calculated thermal and mechanical stress of the beam window using ANSYS code.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.316-323
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• 1990

To improve free-cutting property, fine Pb, Bi particles is necessary to be distributed evenly in Al-Cu alloy. The control of added element size and distribution are very difficult because of the insolubility and gravity segregation of Pb, Bi in the matrix. Therefore, in this study, mechanical stirring of the melt, inert gasbubbling, the addition of degasser are used for the fine distribution of Pb, Bi particles. The best distribution are obtained by stirring with 500 rpm for 10min., Ar gas bubbling with 600cc/min for 5min. and degassing with 0.8wt% degasser. As increasing cooling rate, fine grain size and finely dispersed particles were observed. The optimum pouring temperature was $650^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.237-237
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• 2010

고효율의 열전특성을 갖는 나노 구조체 열전재료 연구의 일환으로 이종물질인 $Bi_2Te_3$-PbTe계 열전소재의 미세구조와 특성을 조사하였다. 계단식 냉각법(step cooling)를 통하여 시편을 제조 하였고, EPMA를 이용하여 시편의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 열전소재의 상분리를 유도하기 위하여 $700^{\circ}C$에서 용융 후 3일 동안 $400^{\circ}C$로 유지시킨 후 상온까지 용융로에서 서냉하였다. EPMA를 이용하여 제조된 시편의 미세구조와 정량 분석을 하였고, 각 상의 결정구조 확인을 위하여 XRD 분석법을 이용하여 다결정의 PbTe와 $Bi_2Te_3$ 그리고 준안정상인 $PbBi_2Te_4$가 관찰 되었다. 계단식 냉각법을 통한 시편의 열전특성을 측정하였다. 이를 통하여 제조된 시편은 급속 냉각법으로 제조된 시편과 비교되었으며, 제벡계수는와 열전도도는 상온에서 각각 약 -100mV/K와 0.9W/mK로 약90%, 40%의 열전특성 향상을 확인하였다.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.120-122
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• 2010

In this paper the effect of constituent content on superconductivity and phase in BiPbSrCaCuO system was reported. The zero resistance temperature reaches as high as 100k when dophant Sb was decreased dramatically with increasing Sb content in BiPbSrCaCuO system while the corresponding phase was changed fundamentally.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.942-952
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• 1996

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.293-303
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• 1991

소결 후 냉각 및 Annealing이 Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO계 초전도체의 특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 소결 후 시편을 500[.deg.C]에서 5[hr] Annealing함으로써 1)미세조직이 치밀화 되었으며 고온상의 체적비가 증가하였다. 2)임계온도 및 전류밀도 특성이 향상되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.101-103
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• 2001

Suspension effect has been studied by using superconductor of BiPbSrCaCuO ceramics containing Ag$_2$O It has been cleared that Ag$_2$O acts as pinning center which plays an important role to the suspension effect. Magnetic repulsive force which affects a superconductor located in magnetic flux from toroidal magnet has been investigated. It has been concluded that the suspension effect arises from the interaction between the pinning effect and the diamagnetic effect.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.69-70
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• 2002

Suspension effect has been studied by using superconductor of BiPbSrCaCuO ceramics containing $Ag_2O$. It has been cleared that $Ag_2O$ acts as pinning center which plays an important role to the suspension effect. Magnetic repulsive force which affects a superconductor located in magnetic flux from toroidal magnet has been investigated. It has been concluded that the suspension effect arises from the interaction between the pinning effect and the diamagnetic effect.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.249-256
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• 2003

Samples with the nominal composition, Ag-$Bi_{1.84}Pb_{0.34}Sr_{1.91}Ca_{2.03}Cu_{3.06}O_{10+{\delta}}$ high $T_{c}$ superconductors containing Ag as an additive were fabricated by a solid-state reaction method. Samples with Ag of 10 wt%, 30 wt%, and 50 wt% each were sintered at $860^{\circ}C$~$870^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The structural characteristics, the microstructures and the critical temperature with respect to the each samples were investigated by XRD, four-prove methode, SEM and EDS respectively. The $T_{c}\;^{zero}$ of the sample with the 50 wt% Ag additive at the surface showed 94 K.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2002

Many kinds of Pb-free solder have been investigated because of the environmental concerns. Sn-Ag-Cu system is well blown as most competitive Pb-free solder. However, since Sn-Ag-Cu system has relatively high melting point compared to Sn-Pb eutectic, it may a limitation, the some application. In this study, Bi and In contained solder of $Sn_3Ag_8Bi_5In$ which has relatively lower melting point, $188~204^{\circ}C$, was investigated. $Sn_3Ag_8Bi_5In$ solder ball of $500\mu\textrm{m}$ diameter was set on the Ni/Cu/Cr-UBM and reflow soldered in the range of $220~240^{\circ}C$ for 5~15s. The maximum shear strength of the solder ball was around 170mN by reflowing at $240^{\circ}C$ for 10s. Intermetallic compound formed on the UBM of Si-wafer was analysed by SEM(scanning electron microscope) and XRD(X-ray diffractometer).