• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.6_2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

Security measures for the current insurance crime has focused on the capture oriented and reactive response in the screening stage of insurance payments. However, since leaving the damages that can not be healed by post-punishment, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the insurance crimes in advance. In this paper, I would like to try to identify problems through analyzing the characteristics and cases of the insurance crimes, and to present alternatives to it. The problems with the current insurance system that causes the insurance crimes are, First, When signing the insurance contract, it is too inattentive to confirm about the credit status of the policyholder, duplicate join or not, whether voluntarily sign up etc. Second, a thorough investigation or criminal charges in case of insurance accident is not being done properly. Third, information exchange and management to malicious policyholders is not being done properly. Therefore, in order to guard people from insurance crimes, First, it should strengthen the audit of such credit conditions, accident experiences in the insurance contract at the policyholders. Second, we need to block insurance crimes in advance through the continuous upgrades of insurance fraud analysis systems and social network. Third, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance systems for the insurance crimes by the information sharing.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 2014

Although illegal reproduction of cartoon books are prevalent with rapid growth of webhard services and smartphone use, fingerprinting technology for product identification, as seen in music and videos, has not been developed yet. This leads to indiscriminate illegal reproduction of cartoon books, causing great amount of copyright damages from copyright infringement of the rightful owners. The copyright R&D project granted from the Korea Copyright Permission (Project Title: Identification and Copy Protection Technology of Bookscaned Text/Comic Books) has been carried out in order to develop technology to effectively identify illegal reproduction and distribution of scanned cartoon books. The developed technology will contribute to increase of royalty payments and robust ecosystem of cartoon book markets. The study is to propose an enhanced implementation model for identification of scanned cartoon books on the basis of hierarchical symmetric difference feature algorithms adopted from existing feature extraction algorithms for video.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.275-296
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• 2012

Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University The national health insurance system in Korea is characterized as relatively high out-of-pocket payments, which are the principal source of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). The objectives of this study are to estimate the incidence of household CHE and to clarify the characteristics that affect the occurrence and recurrence of household CHE using the Seoul Welfare Panel Survey database for 2008 and 2010. Thresholds to estimate CHE were 10% and 20% of the total household income (T/X), and 25% and 40% of the income excluding food share (T/Y). Determinants of the occurrence and recurrence of CHE at the threshold of T/X=10% were analysed using multiple logistic regression models. Out of the 3,665 households that responded in 2008 survey, households with CHE were 12.07% (T/X${\geq}$10%), 5.34% (T/X${\geq}$20%), 6.84% (T/Y${\geq}$25%), and 4.44% (T/Y${\geq}$40%). Risk factors associated with household CHE included living with a spouse, non-Medicaid beneficiary, householder unemployment, low household income, the number of disabled members, poor subjective health, and the number of chronic diseases. A total of 41.78% of households with CHE in 2008 repeatedly experienced CHE in 2010. Risk factors of CHE recurrence included decreased household income and an increase in chronic diseases over the two time periods, the number of members with disability or chronic diseases, and the presence of cancer patients in 2008. Households with lower socioeconomic and health status had a higher financial burden on health care than do their counterpart households. There is a need to enhance society-wide financial protection from health spending among vulnerable citizens in Seoul, particularly, households with low income, disabled members or cancer patients.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

Recently, NFC technology of short-range wireless communication using a smart phone to perform personal authentication with the electronic payment has been in the spotlight in various fields. However, the security associated with the personal information and the location information is vulnerable because it is easily fused with the existing mobile services and devices. In this paper, we propose a model for NFC payments help protect personal information and location information of NFC payment systems and services in various fields. Proposed model uses tag-based services in order to protect personal information and position information. The proposed model using the tag-based services is the place to check the various features available information in a simple Tag that can be easily accessed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.89-98
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• 2015

To celebrate the convergence era, Park Geun-Hye government has adhered to the principle sets out to secure revenue no tax increase due to the underground economy legalization, etc. Recently due to the tax deduction policies such as cash receipts and credit card is like getting better transparency on income. However, focusing on the self-employed Evaded income scale is increasing steadily. For the underground economy legalization, it has the plan to increase the transparency of the capital market due to the strengthening of the cash receipt system and the mobile payment market. The purpose of this study is that it hopes the domestic mobile payment market is expanding for the underground economy legalization. To this end, domestic financial companies are hoping to develop a variety of additional services. And the mobile payments market is hoping to gain the trust our customers due to safety and security, etc. As a result the underground economy is expected to disappear naturally.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1069-1078
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• 2018

Demand response (DR) programs give opportunity to consumers to manage their electricity bills. Besides, distribution system operator (DSO) is interested in using DR programs to obtain technical and economic benefits for distribution network. Since small consumers have difficulties to individually take part in the electricity market, an entity named demand response provider (DRP) has been recently defined to aggregate the DR of small consumers. However, implementing DR programs face challenges to fairly allocate benefits and payments between DRP and DSO. This paper presents a procedure for modeling the interaction between DRP and DSO based on a bilevel programming model. Both DSO and DRP behave from their own viewpoint with different objective functions. On the one hand, DRP bids the potential of DR programs, which are load shifting and load curtailment, to maximize its expected profit and on the other hand, DSO purchases electric power from either the electricity market or DRP to supply its consumers by minimizing its overall cost. In the proposed bilevel programming approach, the upper level problem represents the DRP decisions, while the lower level problem represents the DSO behavior. The obtained bilevel programming problem (BPP) is converted into a single level optimizing problem using its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. Furthermore, point estimate method (PEM) is employed to model the uncertainties of the power demands and the electricity market prices. The efficiency of the presented model is verified through the case studies and analysis of the obtained results.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 2019

Background : Germany is the first country in the world to introduce modern systems of public health insurance, and the country which most widely uses complementary alternative medicine(CAM) in Europe. In early 21^st century, a large evaluation studies were conducted to include acupuncture in health insurance payments, which were eventually decided. Objectives : This study is to investigate and analyze the process of public policy determination on insurance coverage for acupuncture in German health insurance system. Methods : We collected the data and information through the literature search and from the websites of German government departments and health insurance organizations. To obtain contextual information, German experts of health insurance and acupuncture clinical study were interviewed. Results : As use of acupuncture had been growing, German public health insurers wanted to evaluate the validity of acupuncture coverage and sponsored three evaluation projects for clinical effectiveness of acupuncture using randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and pragmatic trials from 2001 to 2005. For some pain condition, acupuncture was founded not to be effective than sham acupuncture, but more effective than standard care. The federal joint committee of health insurance decided to cover acupuncture for chronic pain of lumbar spine and chronic pain in at least one knee joint due to gonarthrosis. Conclusions : Considering the controversial subject matter in the process of acupuncture's health insurance coverage in Germany, expanding the benefits of Korean medicine in Korea needs to come up with ways to overcome the difficulties of placebo effect, standardization and lack of literature evidence.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.293-303
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• 2022

In construction work, it can be difficult to know the exact number of full-time workers, so the accident rate is calculated using the approximate number of full-time workers. In addition, as the accident rate calculation is performed based on the assumption that the number of accidents is proportional to the approximate number of workers, the reliability of the calculation result may be questionable. This study proposed a new indicator for accident level based on the progress payment and the number of injuries. The accident-progress ratio, which can be calculated by simply dividing the number of injuries by progress payment, can replace the existing accident rate index or be used as an auxiliary indicator of the accident level. The correlation coefficient between the number of injuries and the progress payment was higher than that between the number of injuries and the number of construction workers. In addition, over the past 10 years, the accident rate has been increasing, whereas the accident-progress ratio has showed a decreasing tendency. This might leave room for different interpretations of the annual variation in the accident level in the construction industry.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1295-1311
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• 2009

The aims of the study is to analyse the participation satisfaction and the intension continuing participation through volunteering of the elderly who take part in the employment promotion programme for the elderly. The major findings can be summarised as follows; first, although the level of satisfaction of the public sector programme participants seems relatively high, the satisfaction level on the payments is not. Secondly, there was differences in the level of volunteering intension according to different kinds of the programmes. Thirdly, higher socio-economic status, the sorts of the programme, and the level of satisfaction affects the odds of the participation intention of the elderly. Based on these findings, the study suggests various directions of the employment promotion programme for the elderly such as need assessment for the elderly, the increase of the payment, promoting the quality of employment, and the administrative system for supporting elderly volunteering.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.167-189
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• 2023

Korea has become the highest nitrogen balance (228 kg/ha) among 34 OECD member countries, and has the stigma of being a 'Nutrient overload country' as of 2019. Accordingly, research on the derivation and utilization of nutrient balance indicators and the 'regional nutrient management system' are being promoted to improve Korea's nutrient balance. It is necessary to support these policies and studies, form a public consensus on improving the nutrient balance, and evaluate the function of the public benefit. This paper aims to estimate the public benefit value of improving the nutrient balance based on an analysis of consumers' willingness to pay and recognition of Korea's nutrient excess for 600 consumers nationwide. As results, 21.2% of the respondents said they were aware of excessive nutrients in Korea, and 76.7% of the respondents said they were aware of the need for nutrient management. The average amount of intention to pay for the improvement of three pollution (soil, water quality, and air) that can occur due to a nutrient overload was ￦2,321.1 for soil pollution improvement, ￦2,391.2 for water pollution improvement, and ￦2,377.9 for air pollution improvement. The average willingness to pay for the three pollution reduction was ￦6,002.3. These results are expected to be used to form a public consensus on the balance of payments and to establish measures to enhance public interest values in the future.