• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.315-318
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• 2009

A payment system is required to buy various services and micropayment system is demanded for minimizing a frequent payment transaction cost in ubiquitous environment. It is not guarantee that devices are always online and payment system is required a robustness when some of them is offline. To solve this situation other systems use a centralized broker but the problem with most existing micropayment system is the heavy load on the broker. In this paper present a payment system a DHT based Peer-to-Peer micropayment system for ubiquitous environment can use even if payments need not be online and reduce broker's load.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.287-295
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• 2015

Due to the latest agreement between the military authorities of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the United States (US) of America, Korea's annual contribution to the budget of the United States Forces Korea (USFK) rose as high as close to 1 trillion won. This seemingly prohibitive amount has led to the questioning of military critics regarding determination criteria, wholesomeness of cost, alignment of incentives, and implementational transparency, etc. As these sources of mistrust can potentially undermine the congruence of alliance, we attempt to devise a scientific means to test the validity of Korea's budget contribution. Specifically, we use the real options approach (ROA) to estimating the interval of the fair prices of maintaining the USFK. We consider the USFK as an insurance against foreign incursions, and this enables us to assume their role as a put option. Upon a hypothetical war breakout, the daily cumulative size of the Korean economy is estimated by implementing the simulated loss ratios of assets and population. As a result, the strategic value (put premium) of the USFK is exponentially higher the sooner the US forces are augmented following an intrusion. Also, Korea's payments toward the USFK in 2011 and 2012 appear theoretically fairly valued.

• IE interfaces
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.79-96
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• 1989

Abundant hard-working and well-educated human resources were the important sources of the spectacular economic success during the last decades. In contrast to the past sources of economic growth during the 1970's when labor and capital along with economies of scale were the dominant factors (the university has played an important role in the national economic success by supplying quality labour and intellectual talent.), the level of science, technological innovation and capital inputs will be of vital importance for future economic growth in Korea. The balance of payments in technology transfer together with the current state of R & D activities has been reviewed and some of the issues and problems underlying the university system that tend to hinder research in collaboration with research institutes and industries have been outlined. Serious imbalance in the allocation of research funds among research sectors was identified as the most serious problem to be fixed. The importance of science and technology education in private universities for the enhancement of the national level of science and technology has been re-examined. Also research and development in engineering and technical services has been emphasized. In conclusion, ways to bolster the role of universities in the research environment in cooperation with industry and research institutes have been suggested.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.673-698
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• 2016

This study tries to conduct a systematic analysis on whether adding up the royalties and license fees or not in measuring the taxable amount of tariff. We have confirmed that three main criteria to decide whether it is yes or not are non-inclusion, relatedness and condition of sale. We also have realized that whether satisfying a condition of sale or not depends on license agreement, sales contract, special relationship and so on. Furthermore, we have made case studies of bonded factory, film's domestic distribution, exempt royalty and license fee, price for exclusive use of relevant technology, retroactive application of price change and strict interpretation. Based on the case studies we have derived the following conclusions: First, the royalties and license fees only actually paid to the licensors may be added to taxable amount. Second, the royalties and license fees incurred after the imported goods are made into domestic goods may not be added up. Third, the royalties and license fees paid as a price for use may not be added up. Fourth, the analogical interpretation of relevant codes is not accepted.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.44
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• pp.85-107
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• 2009

L/C allows the exporter to have a bank's payment undertaking against shipping documents required by L/C. This means that the exporter can take export proceeds from a L/C issuing bank regardless of importer's payments and therefore the L/C better mitigate importer's credit risk compared to remittance and collections. Recently the use of L/C has been on down trend in line with increasing use of T/T, causing a big change of payment system. This tells that the payment method change in Korea is positive as the change also happens same in developed countries. This however gives more buyer's credit risk to exporters and therefore a systematic solution to this negative effect is required. In Korea, export credit insurance has been widely used to cover the buyer's credit risk. But the export credit insurance is limited because of lack of government's financial support and strict evaluation of buyer and exporter. Now Korea is ranked 10the largest trading country and therefore the exporters shall find another source for credit risk protection elsewhere. And as such this paper suggest International Factoring as a tool for the credit risk protection. The International Factoring gives advantages to the exporter in terms of credit protection and advances by purchasing account receivables on a without recourse basis.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.25-33
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• 2020

Purpose: The use of e-Samsat services in East Java has not been significant in the amount of use of its services for tax payments as a whole. The purpose of this study is to analyze what factors East Java e-Samsat services practice and the existence of recommendations as a basis for government decisions to improve the quality of East Java e-Samsat services. Research design, data and methodology: Our model hypothesizes that three key factors determine the intention to use e-samsat platform such as: trust, awareness, ease to use. Data collection methods by distributing questionnaires and interviews. Results: The results of the study provide two findings, firstly, Trust, Ease of Use, Awareness directly or indirectly affects the Intention to Use the East Java e-Samsat service for motor vehicle taxpayers. Thus it is essential to pay attention to these three variables in terms of clarity, reliability, and timeliness as a recommendation to improve the quality of East Java e-Samsat services.. Conclusions: The results of this study can be applied and developed in other countries besides Indonesia with the same cultural patterns. Several variables have been measured in previous studies in several Asian continent countries.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.28-48
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to analyze the assessment of forming of a payment balance of the country and its condition. Data array were used the data on the Russian Federation from the 1995-2016, across Great Britain - since the 2004- 2014 and in the retrospective aspect since the 1946. Research design, data, and methodology - The payment balance is a ratio of payment amounts made this country abroad and the receipts received by it from abroad for a certain period; it is the systematic list of all economic transactions performed for a certain period of time between the residents of one country and the nonresidents. The scale of research on Russia: to be analyzed the amount of data from the 1995 by 2016. On Great Britain - the 2004-2014, on South Korea - the 2017. Results - Hypothesis 1. The detailed and simple systematization of balance sheet items increases the efficiency of analytical procedures and the mechanism of public administration. Hypothesis 2. The main of balance sheet items are deficit of Russian Federation scarce which, are generally counterbalanced with gold and foreign exchange reserves. Conclusions - Considering the items of balance of payments of the studied countries in the context with other countries, it can be noted that the dynamics of the main items are closely linked with the main macroeconomic indicators and reflects the main tendency of the state development. The main items of balance sheet of South Korea's are intensive. The relatively stable dynamics in the macroeconomic indicators is observed in Japan and China

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 2020

This study analyzes the distributor's inventory model in a two-stage supply chain consisting of the supplier, the distributor and the end customer. The supplier will allow a credit period before the distributor settles the account with him in order to stimulate the demand for the product he produces. It is also assumed that the distributor pays the shipping cost for the order and hence, the distributor's ordering cost consists of a fixed ordering cost and the shipping cost that depend on the order quantity. The availability of the delay in payments from the supplier enables discount of the distributor's selling price from a wider range of the price option in anticipation of increased customer's demand. As a result, the availability of a credit transaction leads to an increase in inventory levels. On the other hand, in the case of deteriorating products in which the utility of the product perish over time, the deterioration rate with time plays a role in reducing inventory levels. In this regard, we analyze the effect of the length of the credit period and the degree of product deterioration on the distributor's inventory level. For the analysis, we formulate the distributor's annual net profit and analyze the effect of the length of credit period and deterioration rate of the product on inventory policy numerically.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.303-325
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• 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study is to forage for the factors for explaining the adoption behavior of the mobile convenient payment system based on the Personality Trait, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and Regulatory focus. Design/methodology/approach This study made a design of the research model by integrating the factors of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology with the factors of Big five personality traits on the basis of Samrt device environment. In addition, this study, did empirical analysis of the structural equation model by PLS(Partial Least Squares) in order to find out the relationship of personal factors and mobile convenient payment system's features. Findings According to the empirical analysis result, this study confirmed that the acceptance of mobile convenient payment systems is influence by personality traits and factors based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and trust. In addition, this study find out that the behavior of an adoption of mobile convenient payment systems according to the type of regulatory focus.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2010

Purpose: This study sought to provide basic information for the establishment of home care nursing system in cancer patients. Methods: Data were collected by the descriptive questionnaires consisting of 42 articles from five fields of nursing services. Patient's symptoms were investigated by the Korean version of EORTC QLQ-C30. Data were analysed using SPSS-PC 12.0. Results: Among the cancer patients (n=182), 40.1% had serious limitations on their usual lives. 74.7% had serious economic burdens. 79.7% agreed strongly with the necessity of home care nursing system, 74.2% were willing to use home care nursing, and 91.2% felt that home care nursing should be mandatory in cancer centers. There was no correlation between the frequency of symptoms or nursing items and the degree of home care nursing requirements. Digestive symptoms, symptoms requiring procedures, and symptoms to meet educational help displayed a high degree of requirement. Conclusion: Home care nursing should be activated for cancer patients as a bridge between hospital-based acute care and community-based chronic care which could increase the quality of care and reduce insurance related payments.