• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.401-410
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• 2017

This study aimed to identify appropriateness and efficiency in the DRG payment system by analysing the hospital length of stay and changes in fees before and after the application of DRG payment system. The subjects of the study were a total of 398 patients consisting of 204 for the fee for service system and 194 for the DRG payment system. They received surgery in the Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGY) department of a general hospital in G metropolitan city between January and December 2013. The mean hospital length of stay was significantly decreased after application of the DRG payment system(p=0.013). Total fees, insurance charges, and deductions increased significantly(p<0.001), and non-payment charges and total deductions decreased significantly(p<0.001). Application of the DRG payment system reduced length of stay, non-payment charges and total patient's cost sharing and increased out-of-pocket, insurance charges, and total fees.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1087-1092
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• 2009

This paper presents a method for improvement of capacity payment in CBP(cost based pool) market. Capacity payments have been used as common mechanisms in various pools for compensating generators recognized to serve a for reliability purpose. Ideal pricing for capacity reserves by definition achieves a balance between economic efficiency and investment incentives. That is, prices must be kept close to costs, but not so low as to discourage investment. However, the price set is not easy. This paper concludes with market design recommendations that apply fuzzy theory for improvement of capacity payment. Following this model, market participants decided on their own based on their forecast to the market demand and the payment for it.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.191-194
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• 2022

This article aims to study the influence of the motivation and resistance of mobile payment on the willingness of elderly users to use it. A model for the willingness to use mobile payment is constructed based on the UTAUT model, using elderly people in China and South Korea as the research subjects. We found the following conclusions after analyzing the data with SPSS and AMOS, In general, social influence and performance expectations are the biggest drivers for mobile payment adoption among seniors, while perceived risk and cost are the biggest obstacles. This research can provide useful recommendations for the formulation of corporate strategies and provide new development directions and enlightenments for mobile payment companies.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2008

Cost related to building equipment accounts for about 85% of the life cycle cost of buildings. Therefore proper selection of air-conditioning system is important for reducing the overall cost of buildings. In this study, medium capacity EHP and GHP for air-conditioning a building with a floor area of 1,200 $m^2$ are compared economically. To consider all the factors of initial and operation costs effectively, an annual equal payment method is proposed. For the initial cost, cost of equipment, construction, installation, electric facility, financial subsidy and tax cut is considered. Cost of basic electricity, energy(electricity and gas), space charge, labor, insurance and repair is considered for the operation cost. Under the assumptions made in this study, overall cost of EHP is less than that of GHP, but this is not absolute and different outcome may result if different assumptions are made. This study is useful for those who are interested in choosing an air-conditioning system that costs less for mid-size buildings with simple calculations.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.521-525
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• 2011

Although the Korean construction industry has risen rapidly, the quality of the buildings is not met with the industry standard compared to the potential of the technology development and the cost of maintenance has been increased. The user's request for quality have been increased, but in the current building construction, the contractors only follow the specifications of design, material and technology, and their main concern is whether they are in right track with the specification or not. Thus, the necessity of developing technology has been ignored and sufficient opportunities for the development have not been provided as well. In the developed countries, in contrast, the quality assurance and the payment regulation system has been utilized for the active response to the changes of users' request. As a result of this, the maintenance cost has been decreased and the development of construction technology has been improved. Therefore the pay adjustment system is needed to create the improvement of the quality of the buildings by the contractors' earnest building construction. In order to introduce the pay adjustment system suitable to the Korean construction industry, this study presented the logical method of adjusting the construction cost and making payment with the pay adjustment index that is created based on the result of the performance test, after making a set of the indicators of the building performance standard and applied them to the targeted building.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.160-169
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• 2010

In domestic public works, there are several problems in the measurement of payments based on the bill of quantity, which doesn't match with the activity progress rate, heavy paper works and complicated procedures. It can be classified formal and simplified method. By using the simplified method, it can be solved many problems by summarizing the procedure, but is not generally used. This paper proposes a payment method by progress measurement for specified activity based on WBS(Work Breakdown Structure) verifying efficiency which reduced cost account and advanced work on payment compare to method of domestic public works using the data about construction of eco-river. This method will be an important contribution on being a base for cost-schedule integrated management which were verified and also improving efficiency on measuring payment.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.38 no.1 s.73
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

This study is aimed at investigating optimum level of payments in the direct payment program for aquaculture extruded pellets both theoretically and practically by analyzing the effects on production and income in accordance with Green Box conditions of WTO Agreement on Agriculture. In particular, by analyzing both effects on production and income, it evaluates and compares payments affecting to the level of production and income, respectively. Analysis results indicate that the optimum level of payments in the direct payment program for aquaculture extruded pellets is determined by the growth rate of farmed fish, farming period, price and volume of extruded pellets, and additional amount of cost increase and decrease. Suppose that growth rates of farmed fish by extruded pellets(EP) and raw fish - based moist pellets(MP) are the same, it reveals the optimum level of payment should be lowered from the current level of payment. However, when the growth rate of farmed fish by EP is lower than that by MP, the optimum level of payment should be raised from the current level and total amount of payments by area should be increased as well.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-70
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to make an analysis of the impact of the DRG payment system on medical care pattern and cost of cataract surgery in a general hospital. The subjects were 173 patients whose DRG severity grade was zero, selected from among the hospitalized who underwent cataract surgery before and after the joining to the demonstrational operation of the third year DRG payment system. Their medical records and the details of their medical bills were examined to find out the length of hospital stay, medical care pattern provided to them, the cost of medical care, and the quality of medical care. The length of stay and the amount of medical care supplied during being in hospital dropped significantly for both single-eye and double-eyes cataract surgery groups. The amount of antibiotic use went down during the hospitalization and upon discharge from the hospital, but decreased after discharge. The total medical bills and the rate of basic examination implementation increased in the OPD before hospitalization but after discharge dropped. For double-eyes cataract patients, the rate of double-eyes cataract surgery went down. The total medical bills of DRG payment system converted into the fee-for-service system was greater by 113.3% for the single-eye cataract surgery group and by 102.9% for the doble-eyes cataract surgery group, compared to that by the fee-for-service. The contribution shared by the insurance corporation increased for both single-eye and double-eyes cataract surgery groups, but the copayment by the insured went down. Regarding the treatment outcome, no difference was found in complication rate, resurgery rate and mortality rate before and after the joining to the DRG payment system was implemented. The use of special lens lessened significantly. The amount of medical care supplied during hospitalization decreased but the complication rate didn't increase. But the increased use of low-price artificial cataract and the avoidance of double-eyes cataract surgery was observed. The phenomenon decreased number of OPD visit and the decreased total medical bills of OPD care after discharge in this hospital required further evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.533-546
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• 2003

for the low information goods which will be traded through Internet is impossible to manage with previously existed payment system. The reason is that it's not economic because the management cost is bigger than the benefit of the information goods trade. Therefore, recently, there have been micropaymentresearches such as "Milicent", "PayWord", "MicroMint", and "iKP", etc. Though these methods don't have any problem with the low cost of the mechanism and the satisfaction of adequate security, they have big problem with the use of the unnecessary account and the aggregation of payment bill. The PayHash system which has been developed in this study simplifies the system's mechanism with "one-way hash function" which is used in generation, payment, and verification of the bill. And the system removed the generation and use of unnecessary account by making one customer have one account. The system solve the problem of the payment aggregation by using the last payment hash value and its index. And the system improves its performance by reducing the use of "digital signature" drastically, as well. As the result of this study, the PayHash system made it possible for the participants of the Internet Commerce to trade the lowest cost goods through efficient maintenance.o trade the lowest cost goods through efficient maintenance.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-88
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• 1997

In Korea, telemedicine is still under the beginning stage, but we expect that the developing 'Information Highway' will make this technology more common place and more easily used in coming soon. Currently, three hospitals are providing telemedicine services with their subsidiary hospitals which are far away from their remote place. However, the fee schedule of telemedicine services are not well-settled down, of course not reimbursed through current health insurance system. This study aims to develop new payment system for medical services provided through telemedicaine system. To design appropriate fee schedule for telemedicine services, we, first, review the current insurance payment system and telemedicine system both in domestic and foreign countries focusing on its payment system. A framework of telemedicine payment system is proposed in following steps based on information we acquired from this stage. Second. We decide the span of cost items which should be covered by telemedicine payment scheme. In hear, we suggest payment method for telemedicine services should be designed as dual structure which are telemedicine fee that should be reimbursed through payment scheme and any costs related to capital investment that should not be covered by payment system. Which is, payment system for telemedicine services should cover only service-related costs and any costs related to capital investment should be generated through third party such as government, health insurance association, etc. Finally, we suggest new fee schedules for telemedicine services. The key issues on developing telemedicine fee schedules are related with the determination of appropriate additional rate($\alpha$). The reasonable additional rate($\alpha$) must determine through careful evaluation of any additional efforts(e. g. : additional work hours which are related to providing telemedicine services). This study shows the process of how to determine appropriate additional rate($\alpha$).