• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study classified the actual functions of geriatric hospitals and examined the differences in their characteristics, in order to provide a basis for discussions on defining the functions of geriatric hospitals and how to pay for care. Methodology: This study used various administrative data such as health insurance data and long-term care insurance data. Cluster analysis was used to categorize geriatric hospitals. To examine the validity of the cluster analysis results, we conducted a discriminant analysis to calculate the accuracy of the classification. To examine cluster characteristics, we examined structure, process, and outcome indicators for each cluster. Findings: The cluster analysis identified five clusters. They were geriatric hospitals with relatively short stays for cancer patients(cluster 1; cancer patient-centered), geriatric hospitals with relatively large numbers of patients using rehabilitation services(cluster 2; rehabilitation patient-centered), geriatric hospitals with a high proportion of relatively severe elderly patients(cluster 3; severe elderly patient-centered), geriatric hospitals with a high proportion of mildly ill elderly patients with various conditions(cluster 4; mildly ill elderly patient-centered), and geriatric hospitals with a significantly higher proportion of dementia patients(cluster 5; dementia patient-centered). The largest number of geriatric hospitals were categorized in clusters 4 and 5, and the structure and process indicators for these clusters were generally lower than for the other clusters. Practical Implications: We have confirmed the existence of geriatric hospitals where the medical function, which is the original purpose of a geriatric hospital, has been weakened. It has been observed that the quality level of these geriatric hospitals is likely to be lower compared to hospitals that prioritize enhanced medical functions. Therefore, it is suggested to consider the conversion of these geriatric hospitals into long-term care facilities, and careful consideration should be given to the review of care-giver payment coverage.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2024

Background: This study examined the public's perceptions of repeat dispensing as one of the measures to reduce the harmful effects of long-term prescriptions in Korea. Methods: From January 11 to 25, 2021, an online survey was conducted for adults using convenience sampling. A self-developed questionnaire was used. Results: There were 310 respondents, of which 228 (73.5%) preferred repeat dispensing. When considering the additional fee payment, 188 (60.6%) preferred repeat dispensing, and 54 (67.5%) out of a total of 80 chronic disease patients preferred it. It was confirmed that there was a difference in the willingness to repeat dispensing considering the additional cost depending on whether the patient had a chronic disease and the distance from home to the nearest pharmacy. As a result of subgroup analysis for patients with chronic diseases, frequency of outpatient visit, number of prescription days, method of packaging pharmaceuticals, and distance from home to the nearest pharmacy were identified as variables that could well predict the willingness to repeat dispensing considering paying additional fees. The preference for repeat dispensing may vary depending on conditions such as additional cost range, frequency and period of prescription use, disease and patient characteristics, so a careful approach is necessary. Conclusion: It is necessary for the government to consider the introduction of repeat dispensing with interest in the public demand.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.38
• /
• pp.71-96
• /
• 2008

Letters of Credit are the most common method of payment for goods in the export trade, and banking practice relating to letters of credit is standardised by the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, which are a set of rules issued by the International Chamber of Commerce. The current version is UCP 600, which took effect on July 1, 2007. To assist the practitioners of Documentary Credits, the KCCI(Koea Chamber of Commerce and Industry) authorised a new publication-Official Commentary on UCP 600. This new publication added the word "official" in the title. In order to being an official commentary, the terms and expression should be correct and unified. But there is some problems in official commentary and legal phraseology. The problem was appeared that ICC UCP 600's were translated into Korean UCP 600 version. For example, "Issuing Bank", "Applicant", "Port of discharge", "A date of pick-up", "Shipper's load and count", "Courier Receipt", "Charter Party", "Bill of Lading", "Cover Note", "Exclusion Clause", "Insurance Certificate", "Declaration, Underwriter". If can be used 'Official Commentary on UCP 600', the above statements should be a compliment though take a wide professional opinions or held a public hearings. The Purpose of this paper is to point out the problems and substitute the term used and unify the expression in official commentary.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.52
• /
• pp.25-44
• /
• 2011

Possibility of credit risk, foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk of exporter increases in the recent international Commercial transactions, due to financial crisis of Europe and liberalization of Middle East. Under this circumstance, Forfaiting is trade finance that forfaiter purchase negotiable debt instrument without recourse from exporter, which occurred related with international commercial transactions, and credit risk, contingency risk, foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk of exporter can be transferred to forfaiter. Forfaiting is typically medium-term finance(three to five years) concluded at fixed interest rate, although it can also arranged on a floating interest-bearing basis for periods from six months to ten years or more. But Forfaiting service of Korea has limitation as follows. First, forfaiting in Korea deals with unrestricted irrevocable documentary credit as debt instruments. Period that forfaiting is provided is short and amount of money is limited, compared with advanced forfaiting. But forfaiting provided in advanced countries deals with various methods such as guarantee for bill, payment guarantee, and can be resold in financial market. Recently importance of forfaiting is increasing in international commercial transactions. Therefore profound study on forfaiting is required. The study will examine the risk that happens to the concerned parties in forfaiting, and its management measures. The study adopted literature review method such as local and foreign books and papers about trade finance, internet information about forfaiting, and professional journal related with international finance.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.41
• /
• pp.43-67
• /
• 2000

The main source in financing the National Pension benefits is the contribution raised from the insured's earnings. So, Most of the insured take a great interest in the questions of what return on the payment of contribution National Pension benefits provide and whether there be the difference in return according to earnings level. The Purpose of this study is to assess money's worth of National Pension and to answer the above questions. There are two basic types of money worth analysis, empirical and hopothetical. This study basically belongs to the former in terms that it is based on actual earnings and insured term. For performing money's worth analysis, four different measures which are referred as the "break-even period", the "benefit/tax ratio", the "net lifetime transfer", the "internal rate of return" are used and they all involve the way in which the relationship between the present value of contributions and the present values of benefit is present. The results which evaluate average money's worth of accrued rights before 1999 are le as follows. Break-even period is about 43 months, benefit/tax ratio being 4.9, net lifetime transfers being about 37 mil1ion won, internal rate of return being 33.2%. This verifies that money' worth of National Pension is much higher than actuarially fair. In the mean while, money' worth is proved to be very different according to earnings level. The progressivity relationship between earnings level and rate of return is found in all measures but net lifetime transfer.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.543-553
• /
• 2013

This study analyzes the influence of price, product and promotion on clothing impulse buying according to internet shopping mall type. This study conducted a survey of 346 male and female consumers in their 20s-40s who have experienced clothing impulse buying from an internet shopping mall. Respondents were selected using convenience sampling through an online survey conducted in August 2012. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, $X^2$-test, factor analysis, and regression analysis where carried out using SPSS for Windows 12.0. The results were as follows. First, there were significant differences for consumer gender, age, marital status, and education on clothing impulse buying according to shopping mall type. Second, there were differences for the influence of each component (price, product and promotion) on clothing impulse buying according to shopping mall type. Third, it was identified that influence of components (price, product and promotion) on clothing impulse buying were in the following order: low price, freshness, prize promotion, scarcity, open market price discount, prize promotion, freshness, fashionability, low price in general shopping malls, payment term benefit, freshness, and scarcity in fashion SOHO shopping malls. This study provides information for consumer management and promotion strategies according to each shopping mall type by understanding clothing impulse buying by consumers and factors according to shopping mall type.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2016

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a vital role in economic growth of the countries. The present study analyses the impact of the FDI on economic growth of South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation countries by using the pooled data for the period 1990-2014. Neo-classical production function has been used for analysis and getting stock-to-flow estimation, Taylor series approximation has applied. Fixed Effects Model has been used to investigate the impact of FDI, domestic capital, labour and government expenditures on economic growth. It is the evident from the results that both domestic investment and FDI have been a positive effect on economic growth. The study finds that the contribution of domestic private investment is more trustworthy than the contribution of FDI. Consequently, FDI loses its attraction as an engine of growth if the adverse balance of payment consequence of the resulting profit repatriating is also taken into account. The labour has positive and significant association with GDP. The effect of government expenditure is negligible on economic growth. The findings suggest that growth strategy cannot yield the long term benefits if it neglects investments on human capital.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2017

This study compares the main features of the Act of National Contract with the Act of Defense Aquisition Program, which is the only one in Korea for long-term contracts. When applying the progress payments system to the defense R&D project, We can prevent disputes between parties and create a stable development environment through smooth partnerships. Smaller, direct and indirect losses can be alleviated, such as the waste of administrative power required to deal with disputes due to the payment of delayed prizes and restrictions on business activities due to the difficulty of forecasting the results of companies. In large measure, we will be able to procure a high-quality weapon system in a timely manner to support the security of the nation as well as international competitiveness through the growth of our defense industry.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.381-392
• /
• 2005

This study compared he importance of food service, views to the performance, management objectives, and recognition gap about the contract contents towards the dietetic departments of hospitals that manage the patients' food service and managers of contract managed companies, and dieticians. It conducted questionnaires and survey towards the vice director and dieticians of 17 hospitals, over 500 beds, and the persons responsible for contract managed companies and dietitians who were in charge of food service. The hospitals showed significantly(p<0.05) higher the importance scores in menu planning, the distribution of meal, sanitation management, and leadership than those of the contract managed companies. In the difference of hospitals and contract managed companies about performance, it appeared high in the contract managed companies. In the importance of the foodservice management objective, the hospital had significantly(p<0.05) higher scores in the management of client's satisfaction and quality improvement element through management innovation than those of the contract managed companies. In the importance of contract term, the contract method, expense, and payment condition of commission fee were significantly(p<0.05) high scores in the contract managed companies, compared to the hospital.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2008

This paper provides the guidelines from which to develop a visiting health care program at the Public Health Center in Korea and involves an expanded payment compensation system of preventive services based on the new long-term health insurance system in Japan. The function and management methods to achieve the goals practiced in a community contact center for elderly support which have recently been established will guide the specific directions and strategies that the Public Health Center should pursue. That is to say, comprehensive and continuous efforts will be put forth in preventive home visiting care targeting the elderly in certain jurisdictions. At this point in time in which the visiting care nursing program has not yet started, visiting health care provided by the Public Health Center oversees chronic diseases of a vulnerable population. But after it has been developed nationwide, the visiting health care system at the Public Health Center will be distinctive and focused on health promotion and prevention.