• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.603-609
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• 2013

In this paper, we describe the analysis of inkjet-printed silver (Ag) patterns on epoxy-coated substrates according to several reliability evaluation test method guidelines for conventional printed circuit boards (PCB). To prepare patterns for the reliability analysis, various regular test patterns were created by Ag inkjet printing on flame retardant 4 (FR4) and polyimide (PI) substrates coated with epoxy for each test method. We coated the substrates with an epoxy primer layer to control the surface energy during printing of the patterns. The contact angle of the ink to the coated epoxy primer was $69^{\circ}$, and its surface energy was 18.6 $mJ/m^2$. Also, the substrate temperature was set at $70^{\circ}C$. We were able to obtain continuous line patterns by inkjet printing with a droplet spacing of $60{\mu}m$. The reliability evaluation tests included the dielectric withstanding voltage, adhesive strength, thermal shock, pressure cooker, bending, uniformity of line-width and spacing, and high-frequency transmission loss tests.

• 경영과학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-58
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• 2013

Although analysis of charts, which used in stock trading by distinguishing standardized patterns in the movements of stock prices, is simple and easy to use, there can be problems stemming from specific patterns being distinguished as a result of the subjective perspectives of analysts. In accordance with such problems, through the method of template pattern matching, 4 trend reversal patterns were designed and the fitness of the patterns were quantitatively measured. In cases when a stock is purchased when the template pattern fitness value is within a certain range and held for at least 20-days, the average return ratio was analyzed to be higher-with the difference being statistically significant-than the average return ratio attained from trading a stock according to the same method per the Efficient Market Hypothesis. From the results of stock trades of 2 domestic corporations to which the values of the 4 patterns had been applied based on the 4 strategies, it was possible to ascertain differences in the strategy- and pattern-dependent return ratios. Through this study, along with presenting the exceptions for the Efficient Market Hypothesis in stock trading, the fitness level of quantitative chart patterns was measured and the theoretical basis for application of such fitness level was proposed.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.189-192
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• 2009

이 논문은 디지털 카메라의 싱글 센서에 있는 CFA의 다양한 패턴을 비교, 분석하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이미 널리 쓰이고 있는 패턴들이 있으나, 이미지들은 간혹 사람들이 실제로 보는 것보다 어둡게 나오거나 밝게 나오거나 또는 약간의 노이즈 현상, 불러 현상을 보여주기도 한다. 이를 개선하기 위해 아직도 많은 학자들이 패턴의 연구를 하고 있다. 이 연구는 Bayer패턴을 포함하여 7개의 패턴을 실험한다. 실험의 객관성을 위해 보간법은 선형방법으로 통일 하여 실험한다. 실험 결과는 패턴의 다양성이 이미지 향상에 크게 영향을 주지 않는다는 걸 보여주다. 그리고 패턴에 따라 그에 맞는 보간법이 필요하다는 것을 보여준다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.717-734
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to effectively detect violations that occur simultaneously against Good Manufacturing Practice, which were concealed by drug manufacturers. Methods: In this study, we present an analysis framework for analyzing regulatory violation patterns using Association Rule Mining (ARM), Text Mining, and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to increase the effectiveness of on-site inspection. Results: A number of simultaneous violation patterns was discovered by applying Association Rule Mining to FDA's inspection data collected from October 2008 to February 2022. Among them there were 'concurrent violation patterns' derived from similar regulatory ranges of two or more regulations. These patterns do not help to predict violations that simultaneously appear but belong to different regulations. Those unnecessary patterns were excluded by applying t-SNE based on text-mining. Conclusion: Our proposed approach enables the recognition of simultaneous violation patterns during the on-site inspection. It is expected to decrease the detection time by increasing the likelihood of finding intentionally concealed violations.

• 복식
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• 제13권
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• pp.51-72
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• 1989

In this thesis, I examined the mental, philosophical aspects and the aesthetic sense of our ancestors through the study of the patterns pictured in the mural paintings of Koguryo dynasty's old tomb. To view the mode of construction in Koguryo dynasty from present angle, the detailed analysis of the patterns was done. As a result, I could fully understand the formative consciousness of our nation. 1. I defined the process of transition of the mural paintings by putting some 70 mural aintings into the form of a diagram. 2. The cultural aspects of the mural paintings in Koguryo dynasty were characterized by the fusion of our primitive religion and Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism which were introduced from China. From this fact, I could inferred that Koguryo people were giving off the strong desire for the faith by means of the mural paintings. Further more I found that configuration of the patterns such as religious elements. 3. The types of the patterns were classified into four types, this is, geometric type, natural type, cultural type and abstract type, Among these types, geometric type and natural type were nonsymbolic in nature but became cultured and abstracted in course of time. cultural pattern and abstract pattern got the symbolic meaning in the long run. Of all the constitution of the patterns represented in the mural paintings such as repeat constitution, left and right symmetric constitution, top and bottom symmetric constitution and rotary symmetric constitution, the left and right symmetric constitution was mainly used and some monotony of left and right symmetric constitution. The analysis of motif which was got from the mode of the patterns showed that the mixing of symbolic and nonsymbolic patterns made it possible to regard the separate symbol as compound in nonsymbolic patterns and the combination between nonsymbolic patterns ensured the understanding of other patterns in certain cases. Our ancestors made great efforts to transmit certain meaning symbolically. Also to heighten the symbolism, they drew the meangless patterns firstly and then appended meaning to those patterns secondly. Furthermore, they offered the background to the patterns comblined with symbolism, so that meaning transmission was clarified at last. As mentioned above, the patterns shown in the mural paintings of Koguryo dynasty's old tomb were characterized by natural beauty. And natural beauty was found out clearly in the form and constitution of the patterns. Therefore I concluded that our nation's religious, philosophical tradition was acted on the patterns strongly.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.798-814
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to compare menu patterns by sex and age (3-6, 7-12, 13-19, 20-29, 30-49, 50-64, 65 over years old) between the 1998 and 2001 National Health and Nutrition Surveys of Korea. Frequently consumed menu patterns were investigated using the 24-hour recall data for 19,809 subjects (1998:10,102; 2001:9,707). To analyze patterns, dishes were classified into 29 categories by cooking method (KHIDI 2003). The results are as follows: the most frequent menu patterns were "rice+soup+kimchi" and "rice+stew+kimchi" in both men and women in both 1998 and 2001. Intake frequency of these menu patterns, a traditional Korean menu pattern, was higher with increased age. Intake frequency of "noodles" and "bread" increased in 2001 in both men and women, compared to 1998. And these patterns increased in the younger age groups, especially women in their twenties. Menu patterns of 2001 showed greater variety than those of 1998. Overall, the men's menu patterns showed more side dishes than those of women; intake frequencies of "seasoned vegetables", "stir-fried foods", and "grilled foods" were higher in men than in women. In short, so far the main menu pattern has been "rice-style" in both men and women, and in all age groups in Korea, whereas the Western menu pattern is increasing in younger age groups. The diet of 2001 showed more side dishes than that of the 1998 menu pattern; however, certain groups such as female and males in adolescents and young adults were still a simple menu pattern. Consequently, to make recommended menu patterns and nutrition education programs for Koreans should take into consideration sex and age.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.616-622
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Argentina, obesity prevalence rose from 14.6% in 2005 to 20.8% in 2013. Although the number of studies on noncommunicable diseases and dietary patterns as a unique dietary exposure measure has increased, information on this topic remains scarce in developing countries. This is the first population-based study investigating the association between diet and obesity using a dietary pattern approach in Argentina. We aimed (a) to identify current dietary patterns of the population of $C{\acute{o}}rdoba$ city, (b) to investigate its association with obesity prevalence, and (c) to identify and describe dietary patterns from the subgroup of people with obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The $C{\acute{o}}rdoba$ Obesity and Diet Study (CODIES) was conducted in $C{\acute{o}}rdoba$ city by using a random sample of n = 4,327 subjects between 2005 and 2012. Empirically derived dietary patterns were identified through principal component factor analysis. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of dietary patterns with obesity. RESULTS: Four dietary patterns were identified, called "Starchy-Sugar", "Prudent", "Western", and "Sugary drinks". High scores for the "Western" pattern (with strongest factor loading on meats/eggs, processed meats, and alcohol) showed a positive association with obesity (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.06-1.67, for third versus first tertile of factor score). "Meats/Cheeses" and "Snacks/Alcohol" patterns emerged in people with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that high adherence to the "Western" pattern promoted obesity in this urban population. In addition, people with obesity showed characteristic dietary patterns that differ from those identified in the overall population.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2007

We present in this paper a novel power load prediction method using temporal pattern mining from AMR(Automatic Meter Reading) data. Since the power load patterns have time-varying characteristic and very different patterns according to the hour, time, day and week and so on, it gives rise to the uninformative results if only traditional data mining is used. Also, research on data mining for analyzing electric load patterns focused on cluster analysis and classification methods. However despite the usefulness of rules that include temporal dimension and the fact that the AMR data has temporal attribute, the above methods were limited in static pattern extraction and did not consider temporal attributes. Therefore, we propose a new classification method for predicting power load patterns. The main tasks include clustering method and temporal classification method. Cluster analysis is used to create load pattern classes and the representative load profiles for each class. Next, the classification method uses representative load profiles to build a classifier able to assign different load patterns to the existing classes. The proposed classification method is the Calendar-based temporal mining and it discovers electric load patterns in multiple time granularities. Lastly, we show that the proposed method used AMR data and discovered more interest patterns.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.55-75
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• 2010

일반적인 순차패턴 마이닝에서는 분석 대상 데이터 집합에 포함되는 구성요소의 발생 순서만을 고려하며, 따라서 단순 순차패턴은 쉽게 찾을 수 있는 반면 실제 응용 분야에서 널리 활용될 수 있는 관심도가 큰 순차패턴을 탐색하는데 한계가 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위한 대표적인 연구 주제들 중의 하나가 가중치 순차패턴 탐색이다. 가중치 순차패턴 탐색에서는 관심도가 큰 순차패턴을 얻기 위해서 구성요소의 단순 발생 순서 뿐만 아니라 구성요소의 가중치를 추가로 고려한다. 본 논문에서는 발생 간격에 기반 한 순차패턴 가중치 부여 기법 및 이를 활용한 순차 데이터 스트림에 대한 가중치 순차패턴 탐색 방법을 제안한다. 발생 간격 기반 가중치는 사전에 정의된 별도의 가중치 정보를 필요로 하지 않으며 순차정보를 구성하는 구성요소들의 발생 간격으로부터 구해진다. 즉, 순차패턴의 가중치를 구하는데 있어서 구성요소의 발생순서와 더불어 이들의 발생 간격을 고려하며, 따라서 보다 관심도가 크고 유용한 순차패턴을 얻는데 도움이 된다. 한편, 근래 대부분의 컴퓨터 응용 분야에서는 한정적인 데이터 집합 형태가 아닌 데이터 스트림 형태로 정보를 발생시키고 있다. 이와 같은 데이터 생성 환경의 변화를 고려하여 본 논문에서는 순차 데이터 스트림을 마이닝 대상으로 고려하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.169-184
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to analyze urban housewives' home management behavioral patterns focusing on the morphostatic and morphogenic in continuum, to estimate the level of their family life satisfaction and to determine the variables affecting family life satisfaction. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The tendency is that the wives have controlled in value orientation, and home management behavioral patterns are neutral, and they are somewhat satisfied in terms of family life satisfaction. 2. As for the causal variables, marriage duration, the number of children education, employment status of wives, and value orientation influence on home management behavioural patterns. 3. The variables which affect family life satisfaction significantly are number of children, wives' education level, family income, employment status of wives and value orientation. 4. In analyzing relation between wives' home management behavioual patterns and their family life satisfaction, those who prefer morphostatic patterns have higer level of life satisfaction. 5. From the path analysis, it was found that monthly family income, employment status of wives, wives' educationn level, and value orientation had positive effects on family life satisfaction, and home management behavioral patterns had negative effects on family life satisfaction.