• 한국동물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1984

한국인 2,925명 (남자:804, 여자:2,121)에 대하여 지문형과 pattern intensity index를 분석하였다. 지문형의 출현빈도는 남녀의 성차가 있었다. Whorls (남자:53.6%, 여자:45.7%)와 Radial loops (남자:2.9%, 여자:2.2%)는 남자에서 높이 나타났고, 반면 Archs (남자:1.9%, 여자:2.9%)와 Ulnar loops (남자:41.6%, 여자:49.2%)는 여자에서 출현빈도가 높았다. Pattern intensity index는 남자가 15.2가, 여자는 14.3으로 남자에서 높았다. Polygene model의 유전을 하는 양적 형질인 지문 총 융선수를 776명 (남자:426, 여자:250)에 대하여 계산한 결과 총 융선수는 남자가 140.4$\\pm$41.2로 여자의 129.8$\\pm$40.6보다 높았다. 지금까지 다른나라에서 보고된 총 융선수는 인종에 따라 121$\\sim$170으로 인종적 차가 있었다. 총 융선수와 지능지수와의 상관관계는 없었다(r=-0.0027, N=343).

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2009

The influence of combustor pressure on the local reaction characteristics of $CH_4$/air flames was investigated by measurements of local chemiluminescence intensity. Induced flow flames are often applied to the industrial boiler systems and incinerator in order to improve heat transfer and prevent exhaust gas leakage. In order to investigate combustion characteristics in the induced flow pattern, the combustor pressure index($P^*$) was controlled in the range of $0.7{\sim}1.3$ for each equivalence ratio in the present combustion system, where $P^*$ is defined as the ratio of absolute pressure to atmospheric one. Relationship between local reaction intensity and pressure index have been investigated by simultaneous $CH^*$, $C^*_2$ and $OH^*$ intensity measurements. It could be observed that flame length became longer with decreasing $P^*$ from $CH^*$ chemiluminescence intensity of axial direction. The mean value of $C^*_2$ and $CH^*$ chemiluminescence intensities, which indicates reaction intensity in the $CH_4$/air flames, decreased with decreasing pressure index for ${\Phi}{\leq}1$, but increased with decreasing pressure index for ${\Phi}$>1. $C^*_2/CH^*$ intensity ratio, which can be a good marker to demonstrate local equivalence ratio, was almost same for ${\Phi}{\leq}1$ regardless of pressure index change, while they showed high level for lower pressure index for ${\Phi}$>1 conditions.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.117-144
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• 2009

Yamazawa (1970) 교수가 개발한 무역결합도 모형을 이용하여 한국의 주요 ASEAN제국에 대한 무역결합도, 무역보완도 및 국별편향도를 OECD 무역행렬자료을 이용하여 2000년과 2005년에 대해 계측하였다. 한국의 인도네시아에 대한 무역결합도는 2000년의 8.91로부터 2005년에는 10.88로 상승하였는데, 이는 주로 한국의 인도네시아에 대한 국별편향도가 2000년의 9.58로부터 2005년에는 10.75로 크게 상승한데 기인한 것이다. 이러한 결과는 무역결합도를 증진시키기 위해서는 양국간 자본이동을 증가시키거나 무역장벽을 낮추는 등의 양국간 국별편향도를 개선시키는 노력이 필요하다는 것을 의미한다. 한국의 여타 주요ASEAN제국(즉, 말레이시아, 필립핀, 싱가폴 및 태국)에 대한 무역결합도의 경우 동 기간 중 무역보완도가 다소 하락한 것 외에는 상술한 한국의 인도네시아에 대한 무역결합도와 유사한 변화를 보이고 있다. 따라서 한국과 이들 여타 ASEAN제국 간에 자본이동을 증가시키거나 무역장벽을 낮춤으로써 한국과 이들 여타 ASEAN제국 간의 국별편향도를 개선시키는 노력이 필요해 보인다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.507-511
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• 1998

Fingerprints of 100 New Zealand-Samoan males and 93 females have been analyzed. Whorls are more numerous in fingerprint females (65.6%) than in males (55.6%). The index of pattern intensity displays a higher value in females (16.49) than in males (15.48). The bimanual differences both in males and females are not statistically significant for the occurrence of patterns on the digits of the right and left hands. Also the difference between both sexes for the occurrence of patterns is not statistically significant. Incidences of actual symmetry on homologous digits represented 78.2% in males and 85.8% in females. The mean total ridge counts showed $175.7{\pm}54.6$ ($M{\pm}SD$) in males and $171.6\{pm}49.8$ ($M{\pm}SD$) in females, respectively. Conclusively, this study shows that the New Zealand-Samoans are closely related to the Mongoloids in quantitative dermatoglyphics.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2000

Fingerprints of 114 Australian Aboriginal males and 90 females have been analyzed. Whorls are more frequent in males (56.7%) than in females (51.2%) and loops are less frequent in males (42.6%) than in females (47.0%). The index of pattern intensity displays a higher value in males (15.60) than in females (14.94). The bimanual differences both in males and females ave not statistically significant for the occurrence of patterns on the digits of the right and left hands. Also the difference between both sexes for the occurrence of patterns is not statistically significant. Incidences of actual symmetry on homologous digits represented 74.0% in males and 77.3% in females. The mean total ridge counts showed 156.65 $\pm$43.32 (M$\pmSD) in males and 148.6943.64 (M$\pmSD) in females, respectively. Conclusively, this study represents that the Australian Aborigines conform closely to the Polynesians in finger dermatoglyphics.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.229-254
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• 2011

본 논문은 LMDI(Log Mean Divisia Index) 방법론을 이용하여 국내 제조업의 온실가스 배출에 대한 요인분해분석을 하였다. 국내 제조업의 온실가스 배출에 대한 요인분해는 크게 생산효과, 구조효과, 집약도효과, 에너지믹스효과, 배출계수효과 등 다섯 가지 요인으로 분해하였다. 1991년~2007년까지 국내 제조업의 온실가스 배출변화 요인을 분석한 결과를 보면 국내 제조업의 온실가스 배출은 대부분 생산효과에 의해서 증가하였다. 구조효과와 집약도는 온실가스 배출을 줄이는 역할을 하였으며, 구조효과보다는 집약도효과가 더 많이 온실가스 배출을 감소시키는 방향으로 작용하였다. 그리고 에너지믹스효과와 배출계수효과는 다른 효과들에 비해서 그 비중이 작지만 온실가스 배출 증감에 영향을 미치고 있다. 에너지믹스효과는 온실가스 배출 증가 요인으로 배출계수효과는 감소요인으로 작용하였다. 한편 시계열로 에너지 소비를 요인분해 해 본 결과 1998년 IMF 체제를 전후로 온실가스 패턴에 변화가 일어났다. IMF 체제 이후로 구조효과와 집약도효과에 의한 온실가스 감축이 IMF 체제 이전보다 더욱 두드러진 것이 특징이다. 2001년 이후 진행된 신고유가 시대를 맞이해서는 구조효과와 집약도효과가 더욱 촉진되었다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to strengthen the economic cooperation between Korea and Japan by studying the pattern of trade between them and identifying drawbacks. Thus, it aims to enable trade expansion by analyzing the factors that affect trade and identifying ways to improve them. If economic cooperation is improved, transport and communication costs, as well as the transaction cost of economic exchanges, can be minimized. Research design, data, methodology - The trade intensity index developed by the Japanese economist Yamazawa under his trade intensity theory was used to analyze the trade decision factor of Korea and Japan. Trade structure and decision factors were analyzed for the target period of 2000 to 2012, and the period ranging from 2000 to 2005 was compared with the period ranging from 2005 to 2012. This paper is an analysis of the resultant time series. The data were collected from Korea Traders Association, Korea Customs Office, and UN Comtrade (2000, 2005, 2012) and whole table indexes were calculated by the author. Trade related index was used to analyze the comparative advantage based on time-series analysis statistics data (2000. 2005, 2012) through an analysis of the trade intensity index (TII), revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), and trade specialization index (TSI). Results - The trade intensity index of the industries of Japan and Korea is 1.814 in 2000. The export ratio of Japan against China was slightly higher at 2.128. TII is indicated to be 1.600 in both 2005 and 2012, which means export ratio of Japan against China is considerably maintained in 2005; however, export ratio of Japan against China is diminishing gradually as its index is 1.600 in 2012. Second, as per the trade specialization index of the ship industry in Japan and China, TSI is indicated to be -0.818 in 2000, -0.308 in 2005, and -0.847 in 2012. Generally, it is still closer to -1 and especially, we can see it is more closer to -1 in 2012. Third, as per the revealed comparative advantage index of the ship industry in Japan and China, the RCA index in 2012 is 0.007, which is quite far from 1 as compared to the value in 2000 and 2005. Hence, the Japanese ship industry has a significant comparative disadvantage against the Chinese ship industry. Conclusions - Both countries invest most of their capital in the shipping industry. It is the shipping industry that receives the most capital investment in the two countries is invested and governmental policy funds are needed. As both countries have large shipping industries, this research project is very valuable. Japan and China are compared because they are Korea's neighbors. Also, Korea is strategically located in Northeast Asia and has a history of foreign intrusion from several countries. Therefore, the purpose of this research study is to understand the trade structures of both countries and intensify the economic cooperation between Japan and China.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2020

Purpose : This study examined the effect of locomotive syndrome on stress index and lifestyle patterns among elderly Koreans aged 65 years and older, and analyzed its correlation with stress index and lifestyle patterns. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the management and prevention of locomotive syndrome in the elderly. Methods : Using the "25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25)", the study evaluated locomotive syndrome in 123 elderly Koreans aged 65 years and older. Of them, 85 patients were assigned to the locomotive syndrome group and 38 patients were assigned to the normal group. The questionnaire measured and investigated the participants' stress index and lifestyle patterns. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 ver. Results : Results showed the locomotive syndrome group displayed a higher stress index than the normal group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The group also scored lower in the lifestyle pattern survey than the normal group did, with a statistically significant difference in high-intensity work performance ratio and average daily performance time between them. The GLFS-25 score showed a significant positive correlation with the stress index and sitting and lying down time, and a significant negative correlation with medium-intensity working time, walking, and cycling time. Conclusion : In conclusion, Locomotive syndrome in elderly Koreans is closely related to stress and lifestyle patterns, especially high-intensity work. We recommend active prevention and management of locomotive syndrome and further research into the effects of various lifestyle factors on the illness.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2011

Purpose: Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a high precision therapy technique that can achieve a conformal dose distribution on a given target. However, organ motion induced by respiration can result in significant dosimetric error. Therefore, this study explores the dosimetric error that result from various patterns of respiration. Materials and Methods: Experiments were designed to deliver a treatment plan made for a real patient to an in-house developed motion phantom. The motion pattern; the amplitude and period as well as inhale-exhale period, could be controlled by in-house developed software. Dose distribution was measured using EDR2 film and analysis was performed by RIT113 software. Three respiratory patterns were generated for the purpose of this study; first the 'even inhale-exhale pattern', second the slightly long exhale pattern (0.35 seconds longer than inhale period) named 'general signal pattern', and third a 'long exhale pattern' (0.7 seconds longer than inhale period). One dimensional dose profile comparisons and gamma index analysis on 2 dimensions were performed. Results: In one-dimensional dose profile comparisons, 5% in the target and 30% dose difference at the boundary were observed in the long exhale pattern. The center of high dose region in the profile was shifted 1 mm to inhale (caudal) direction for the 'even inhale-exhale pattern', 2 mm and 5 mm shifts to exhale (cranial) direction were observed for 'slightly long exhale pattern' and 'long exhale pattern', respectively. The areas of gamma index >1 were 11.88 %, 15.11%, and 24.33% for 'even inhale-exhale pattern', 'general pattern', and 'long exhale pattern', respectively. The long exhale pattern showed largest errors. Conclusion: To reduce the dosimetric error due to respiratory motions, controlling patient's breathing to be closer to even inhaleexhale period is helpful with minimizing the motion amplitude.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.457-466
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• 2007

A numerical and experimental study on the evaluation and the prediction of cleanliness level in the mini-environment system was carried out. Using the concept of local mean air-age (LMA) and effective flow rate, the new direct method for estimating the mini-environment was developed and compared with the previous performance index of airflow pattern characteristics. It was found out that the airflow pattern analysis is a restricted method to estimate the real performance of the mini-environment. The reason is that the airflow pattern cannot predict the effect of the increment of the ventilation rate on the cleanliness level in the mini-environment. While LMA is capable of showing the effects of the contaminant accumulation caused by turbulent intensity, eddy, and the increment of the effective flow rate. This result showed that LMA is more exact and effective performance index than the previous one like the airflow pattern characteristics.