• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of underwater and ground-based diagonal pattern exercises on the balance confidence and respiratory functions of chronic stroke patients. Methods: Thirty chronic stroke patients were assigned randomly to an experimental (n = 15) or control (n = 15) group. The experimental group performed an underwater diagonal pattern exercise. The control group performed a ground-based diagonal pattern exercise. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week for six weeks. Balance confidence was measured using the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale-Korea version. Respiratory function was measured using a spirometer. Results: In a comparison within groups, the experimental and control groups showed significant differences in balance confidence after the experiment (p < 0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group showed a more significant difference in balance confidence than the control group (p < 0.05). In a comparison within groups, the experimental group showed a significant difference in respiratory functions after the experiment (p < 0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group showed a more significant difference in respiratory functions than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, underwater diagonal pattern exercises effectively improved the balance confidence and respiratory functions of chronic stroke patients.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.40-52
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• 1992

In this paper, we propose the speaker adaptive word recognition method using a mapped membership function, in order to absorb a fluctuation owing to personal difference which is a problem of speaker independent speech recognition. In the training procedure of this method, the mapped membership function is made with the fuzzy theory introducded into a mapped codebook, between an unknown speaker's spectrum pattern and a standard speaker's one. In the recognition procedure, an input pattern of an unknown speaker is reconstructed to the pattern which is adapted to that of a standard speaker by the mapped membership function. To show the validity of this method, word recognition experiments are carried out using 28 DDD area names. The recognition rate of the conventional speaker-adaptive method using a mapped codebook by VQ is 64.9[%], and that made by a fuzzy VQ is 76.2[%]. Throughout the experiment using a mapped membership function, we can achieve 95.4[%] recognition rate. This shows that our proposed method is more excellent in recognition performance. Moreover, this method doesn't need an iterative training procedure to make the mapped membership function, and memory capacity and computation requirements for this method are reduced to 1/30 and 1/500 time of those for the conventional method using a mapped codebook, respectively.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.637-644
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• 2004

This paper proposes an expert system with the knowledge learning capability which can enhance the safety and effectiveness of substation operation in the automated substation as well as existing substation by inferring multiple events such as main transformer fault, busbar fault and main transformer work schedule under multiple inference mode and multiple objective mode and by considering totally the switch status and the main transformer operating constraints. Especially inference mode includes the local minimum tree search method and pattern recognition method to enhance the performance of real-time bus reconfiguration strategy. The inference engine of the expert system consists of intuitive inferencing part and logical inferencing part. The intuitive inferencing part offers the control strategy corresponding to the event which is most similar to the real event by searching based on a minimum distance classification method of pattern recognition methods. On the other hand, logical inferencing part makes real-time control strategy using real-time mode(best-first search method) when the intuitive inferencing is failed. Also, it builds up a knowledge base or appends a new knowledge to the knowledge base using pattern learning function. The expert system has main transformer fault, main transformer maintenance work and bus fault processing function. It is implemented as computer language, Visual C++ which has a dynamic programming function for implementing of inference engine and a MFC function for implementing of MMI. Finally, it's accuracy and effectiveness is proved by several event simulation works for a typical substation.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1700-1705
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• 2019

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is also called as aging related memory damage. Decreased cognitive function due to aging is known to be associated with the frontal lobe. Alpha wave is generated in the dominance in the frontal lobe or a wide range of regions in the brain, it should be doubted that the brain function might be degraded. Objective: To determine the effect of sensory stimulation type on learning and brain activity pattern of elderly persons with MCI. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial (single blind) Methods: Twenty elderly persons aged more than 65 with MCI were randonmized to simultaneous visual/auditory stimulation group (SVASG) and or auditory stimulation group (ASG). Ten peoples were assigned to each group and lectroencephalogram test was performed to individuals. In the electroencephalogram test, electroencephalography of prior to sensory stimulation, and during sensory stimulation were measured to compare brain activity pattern according to the study groups and measurement period. Results: The relative alpha power due to a sensory stimulation type showed that the SVASG significantly decreased in the left frontal lobe and the left parietal lobe statistically compared to those of the ASG while sensory stimulation was given (p<.05). The relative beta power due to a sensory stimulation type showed that the SVASG significantly increased in the left and right frontal lobes, the left and right parietal lobes, and the left temporal lobe statistically compared to those of the ASG while sensory stimulation was given (p<.05). Conclusions: Electroencephalographic analysis showed that the type of sensory stimulation can affect the brain activity pattern. However, the effects were not studied that which brain activity pattern help to improved cognitive function of elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

This study is aimed to increase the possibility of using the Christopher Alexander's pattern language. The methodology of this study is (i) to analyze the pattern language by using the network analysis tool in order to understand the complicate network structure of the pattern language, and (ii) to apply the Alexander's method of using the pattern language by using the network analysis tool (Gephi) and to examine the feasibility of the network analysis tool as a tool for using the pattern language. Firstly, as a result of analysing the pattern language, (i) the pattern language classified by pattern number is distinguished by the patterns of towns, buildings and construction, among which the pattern of buildings plays a key function in the networks; (ii) the buildings functions a medium connecting between the towns and the construction; and (iii) the pattern language is divided into 6 sub-modules, through which the user can select a pattern. Secondly, the result of using the network analysis tool as a tool for using the pattern language (i) suggests the new method of using the pattern language by using the network analysis tool (Gephi); (ii) makes it possible to easily figure out the characteristics of the links between the patterns; and (iii) increases the completeness of the pattern language by making it easy to find out the sub-patterns in selecting a pattern.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2016

Software reliability in the software development process is an important issue. In infinite failure non-homogeneous Poisson process software reliability models, the failure occurrence rates per fault. can be presented constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing pattern. In this paper, the reliability software cost model considering decreasing intensity function was studied in the software product testing process. The decreasing intensity function that can be widely used in the field of reliability using power law process, log-linear processes and Musal-Okumoto process were studied and the parameter estimation method was used for maximum likelihood estimation. In this paper, from the software model analysis, we was compared by applying a software failure interval failure data considering the decreasing intensity function The decreasing intensity function model is also efficient in terms of reliability in the arena of the conservative model can be used as an alternating model can be established. From this paper, the software developers have to consider life distribution by preceding information of the software to classify failure modes which can be gifted to support.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1008-1016
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to examine the vest patterns with better fitness, function and beauty best suited to the bodies because the previous studies on the vest pattern are not enough to be usable for its making and wearing including the emperiment and practice as well as its direct design and cutting although its wearing range has been widely popular. This study was carried out by making the experimental vest and performing its wearing experiment. The result of this study is summarized as follows. 1. The sensory evaluation on apperance showed that the wholoe average of pattern 4 was the highest for all S, M, L bodies. In addition, it was shown by the bodies that the most suitable related patterns included pattern 4-M body, pattern 2-S body and pattern 4-L body. However, the L body indicated the lowest score in all patterns. Then, this fact means that the diversified studies must be carried out on the vest patterns for the bodies. 2. The results on the function of vertical motions indicated that when the motion angle increased the lifting volume of the vertical motion also increased proportionally, and that the motion at $135^{\circ}$ among these verical motions showed the highest score. Therefore, it is required to consider this fact when determining the vest length in the process of making the vest pattern. 3. The results on the twisted degree of a posture showed that as to the experimental results on these vertical motions the twisted degree increased with the increase of angle. This fact seems to be also important in deforming the vest length when making the vest.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 1976

In this paper, a method of test pattern generation for the functional failure in both combinational and sequentlal logic networks by using exterded Boole an difference is proposed. The proposed technique provides a systematic approach for the test pattern generation procedure by computing Boolean difference of the Boolean function that represents the Logic network for which the test patterns are to be generated. The computer experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for both combinational and asynchronous sequential logic networks. Suitable models of clocked flip flops may make it possible for one to extend this method to synchronous sequential logic networks.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1031-1043
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• 2015

This paper describes the pattern synthesis method of two kinds of conformal array antenna using the Enhanced Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (EAGA). One is the $1{\times}16$ conformal array antenna on a curved cylindrical metallic surface with quadratic function, and the other is the 18-element conformal arrary antenna on a metallic surface obtained by the rotation of a quadratic function curve around the axis. The active element pattern is utilized in the pattern synthesis. Especially for the case of the rotated-type conformal array antenna the transformed active element pattern obtained from the Euler's angle rotation of the active element pattern of the planar concentric array is utilized, which reduces the synthesis time a lot. To verify the validity of the proposed synthesis method the MATLAB results are compared with the MWS results. Furthermore, for the case of $1{\times}16$ conformal array antenna the measured results are compared with the MATLAB synthesized results.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

Pattern recognition is one of the most common problems encountered in engineering and scientific disciplines, which involves developing prediction or classification models from historic data or training samples. This paper introduces a new approach, called the Representational Capability (RC) algorithm, to handle pattern recognition problems using radial basis function (RBF) models. The RC algorithm has been developed based on the mathematical properties of the interpolation and design matrices of RBF models. The model development process based on this algorithm not only yields the best model in the sense of balancing its parsimony and generalization ability, but also provides insights into the design process by employing a design parameter (${\delta}$). We discuss the RC algorithm and its use at length via an illustrative example. In addition, RBF classification models are developed for heart disease diagnosis.