• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권6호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2005

우리나라의 대표적인 황폐된 임지의 인공복원 성공지인 영일사방사업지를 대상으로 산림식생의 구성적 특성과 천이경향이 총 68개 조사구를 토대로 식물사회학적 방법과 매목조사법에 의하여 연구되었으며, 주요 사방조림목의 생장패턴이 연륜심 분석을 통하여 파악되었다. 이 지역의 식생형은 싸리-억새형과 사방오리-때죽나무형 등 2개 광역그룹으로 대별되었으며, 9개의 하위 식생단위가 유형화되었다. 상재도 패턴은 고상재도종(${\geq}IV$)은 2.6%에 불과하고 대부분의 종들이 저상재도종으로 생육분포하고 있었다. 식생천이경향은 대부분이 졸참나무림으로 변화될 것으로 판단되었다. 주요 사방조림목의 연평균 생장 폭은 수종별로 다소 차이가 있지만 곰솔과 리기다소나무 등 침엽수는 3.0~3.4 mm, 사방오리, 아까시나무, 물오리나무 등 활엽수는 4.3~4.9 mm로 나타났으며, 생장패턴은 수종에 관계없이 조림후 20~25년이 지나면서 급격한 생장감소를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.835-851
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• 2003

This study analyses patent information of apparel design using computer technology and researches the trend of patent application focused on International Patent Classification. In terms of trend by filling data, Patent application started first in 1974 and increased sharply in 1993 with 14 cases and increased to 25 cases in 2000. In case of Korea, they began somewhat late in 1996, but reached a similar level with the leading country in 2000. In terms of trend by applicant, Gerber Garment Technology, Inc. filed 7 cases TORAY IND INC, filed 6 cases Levi Strauss & Co. filed 4 cases, NEC HOME ELECTRONICS LTD filed 3 cases, TOYOBO CO LTD filed 3 cases. Japanese companies occupied 52% and United States's companies occupied 48%. In terms of trend by country, foreigner occupied 47% of the patents filed by United State. Japanese take up 10% of total patent of United States. Korean occupied 84% of total patent of Korea and foreigner, american occupied 16% of the patents filed by Korea. In regared to International Patent Classification, in the section level G filed 92 cases(53%). In class level, G06 marked the first place in United States, Japan, and Korea. In subclass level, G06F marksed the first place with 74 cases. G06T and A61B were regarded as the new technologies. The new technologies are representing the dimensions of garment or computer-rendered model, providing the virtual reality through the texture mapping, digital dressing room or virtual dressing, and performing or retriving display on a screen for the result of changing pattern ao dress design, The technologies of core patent are designing or producing custom manufactured item, providing or prealtering the data for pattern making and visually displaying, interactively generating or previewing of various articles.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.587-594
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• 2018

본 연구는 LSTM기반의 전력수요 변동성 평가 시스템을 제안하고 핵심모듈인 수요예측모듈의 정확성을 증명하기 보다는 실제 전력수요 모니터링 시스템 내 딥러닝을 이용하여 갑작스러운 전력패턴의 변화를 인지할 수 있는 모듈에 대한 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 한다. 웹기반 시스템에 모듈로 적용하여 관리자가 전력사용 패턴의 변동성을 판단할 수 있도록 시각화된 보고서를 제공하였다. 변동성 평가시스템의 구현 결과 관공서와 병원 등의 기관의 경우 전력사용량 데이터가 일정한 형태의 패턴을 보임을 확인하였다. 반면 주거시설과 같이 전력사용량이 상대적으로 낮은 지역의 경우 변동성 평가에는 적절하지 않았음을 확인했다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.3226-3235
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• 2000

반도체 집적 회로가 점점 복잡해지고 고속화되면서 반도체 집적 회로의 동작에 대한 검사 뿐 아니라, 회로가 원하는 시간 내에 동작함을 보장하는 지연 고장 검사의 중요성이 점점 커지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 경로 지연 고장에 대한 효율적인 테스트 입력 생성을 위하여 새로운 부분 확장 주사 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 유추와 할당을 적용한 테스트 입력 자동 생성기를 기반으로 하여 새로운 부분 주사 방법을 구현하였다. 우선적으로 표준 주사환경에서 테스트 입력을 생성한 후에 테스트 입력이 제대로 생성되지 않은 주사 사슬에 대하여 테스트 입력 생성기를 수행하는 동안의 정보를 이용하여 확장 주사 플립플롭이 적용될 플립플롭을 결정하였다. 확장 주사 플립플롭을 결정하는 기준으로서는 고장 검출율과 하드웨어 오버헤드를 사용하였다. 순차 회로인 ISCAS 89 벤치 마크 회로를 이용하여 실험을 수행하였으며, 실험을 통하여 표준 주사와 확장 주사 환경, 부분 확장 주사 환경에서 고장 검출율을 비교, 확인하였다. 그리고 새로운 알고리즘이 적용된 부분 확장 주사 방법에서 높은 고장 검출율을 확인함으로써 효율성을 입증하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.789-801
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• 1995

Canals with artificially made internal resorption were filled with 4 techniques(Lateral condensation, Ultrafil, Obtura II, Thermafil) to compare the efficacy of canal filling according to the filling techniques. After canal filling, radiographic examination, dye penetration through the apical portion and percentage of G-P filled area on the internal resorption area were evaluated. To examine the degree of crystal-like structure and the interface between filled G-P and canal wall, SM and SEM images were taken too. The results were as follows : 1. There was no statistically significant difference in apical microleakage among the 4 root canal filling techniques. 2. As a result of radiographic examination, Ultrafil was the best and Obtura II was acceptable but Lateral condensation and Thermafil showed unfavorable canal filling pattern similarly. 3. Ultrafil filled most of artificially made internal resorption area and Obtura II, Lateral condensation, Thermafil in that order filled unfavorably. 4. Degree of crystal like structure was the highest in the group filled with Ultrafil and those of Obtura II and Thermafil were similar and that of gutta percha used in Lateral condensation showed the lowest value. 5. Penetration of gutta percha into the dentinal tubules couldn't be seen in all groups. In the contact surface between the filled G-P and the canal wall, Lateral condensation showed relatively close sealing, Obtura II and Thermafil had irregular contact surface and Ultrafil showed regular filling pattern. 6. Contact surface between the core of Thermafil and the gutta percha showed close relationship without gap formation.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.45-52
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• 2008

In order to investigate the initiation and propagation processes of a spherical detonation wave induced by direct initiation, numerical simulations were carried out using two-dimensional compressible Euler equations with an axisymmetric assumption and a one-step reaction model based on Arrhenius kinetics with various levels of ignition energy. By varying the amount of ignition energy, three typical initiation behaviors, which were subcritical, supercritical and critical regimes, were observed. Then, the ignition energy of more than $137.5{\times}10^6$ in non-dimensional value was required for initiating a spherical detonation wave, and the minimum ignition energy(i.e., critical energy) was less than that of the one-dimensional simulation reported by a previous numerical work. When the ignition energy was less than the critical energy, the blast wave generated from an ignition source continued to attenuate due to the separation of the blast wave and a reaction front. Therefore, detonation was not initiated in the subcrtical regime. When the ignition energy was more than the minimum initiation energy, the blast wave developed into a multiheaded detonation wave propagating spherically at CJ velocity, and then a cellular pattern radiated regularly out from the ignition center in the supercritical regime. The influence on ignition energy was observed in the cell width near the ignition center, but the cell width on the fully developed detonation remained constant during the expanding of detonation wave due to the consecutive formation of new triple points, regardless of ignition energy. When the ignition energy was equal to the critical energy, the decoupling of the blast wave and a reaction front appeared, as occurred in the subcrtical regime. After that, the detonation bubble induced by the local explosion behind the blast wave expanded and developed into the multiheaded detonation wave in the critical regime. Although few triple points were observed in the vicinity of the ignition core, the regularly located cellular pattern was generated after the onset of the multiheaded detonation. Then, the average cell width on the fully developed detonation was almost to that in the supercritical regime. These numerical results qualitatively agreed with previous experimental works regarding the initiation and propagation processes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.977-987
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• 2019

Objective: The use of tannin extract and other phytochemicals as dietary additives in ruminants is becoming more popular due to their wide biological actions such as in methane mitigation, bypass of dietary protein, intestinal nematode control, among other uses. Unfortunately, some have strong astringency, low stability and bioavailability, and negatively affecting dry matter intake and digestibility. To circumvent these drawbacks, an effective delivery system may offer a promising approach to administer these extracts to the site where they are required. The objectives of this study were to encapsulate acacia tannin extract (ATE) with native starch and maltodextrin-gum arabic and to test the effect of encapsulation parameters on encapsulation efficiency, yield and morphology of the microparticles obtained as well as the effect on rumen in vitro gas production. Methods: The ATE was encapsulated with the wall materials, and the morphological features of freeze-dried microparticles were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro release pattern of microparticles in acetate buffer, simulating the rumen, and its effect on in vitro gas production was evaluated. Results: The morphological features revealed that maltodextrin/gum-arabic microparticles were irregular shaped, glossy and smaller, compared with those encapsulated with native starch, which were bigger, and more homogenous. Maltodextrin-gum arabic could be used up to 30% loading concentration compared with starch, which could not hold the core material beyond 15% loading capacity. Encapsulation efficiency ranged from $27.7%{\pm}6.4%$ to $48.8%{\pm}5.5%$ in starch and $56.1%{\pm}4.9%$ to $64.8%{\pm}2.8%$ in maltodextrin-gum arabic microparticles. Only a slight reduction in methane emission was recorded in encapsulated microparticles when compared with the samples containing only wall materials. Conclusion: Both encapsulated products exhibited the burst release pattern under the pH conditions and methane reduction associated with tannin was marginal. This is attributable to small loading percentages and therefore, other wall materials or encapsulation methods should be investigated.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.726-743
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• 2021

This study tried to examine the fashion design and style of representative K-Pop boy groups BTS and SEVENTEEN appearing on music shows. The data collection was conducted on 4 music programs(Inkigayo, Music Bank, Show! Music Core, M COUNTDOWN) and YouTube(www.youtube.com) for each boy who worked for 5 years from January 2016 to December 2020. Result analysis utilized the stage scenes and music videos of the title songs of BTS and Seventeen. As for the fashion design and style characteristics of BTS, it was found that overall, the color, pattern, and decoration of the bottom were minimized, and the style was changed mainly by the top of the denim pants. As for Seventeen's fashion design and style characteristics, it was analyzed that plain simple slacks, bright and modest chromatic colors, and geometric and stylistic patterns with street retro sensibility were relatively emphasized, and natural and romantic images appeared a lot. As a result of examining the differences in fashion design and style characteristics between BTS and Seventeen, significant differences were found in color, tone, color scheme, material type, material combination, detail, trimming, pattern, accessories, and fashion image. Overall, it was found that both groups minimized the use of decorative elements such as patterns, details, and trimmings.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

최근 4차 산업혁명 시대가 다가오면서 휴대성을 강조한 IoT 기기가 늘고 있다. 동시에 배터리 사용량도 급증하고 있다. 배터리 사용량이 증가하면서 배터리 안전과 관련된 이슈는 피할 수 없는 문제가 되었고, 많은 연구가 이뤄졌다. 본 논문은 다양한 배터리 문제 중 팽창으로 인한 폭발 문제를 다루고 있으며, 저항 변화를 파악하여 배터리 팽창을 감지하는 시스템의 연구 및 개발을 포함하고 있다. 이번 연구의 핵심기술은 배터리가 팽창할 때 발생하는 부피 변화를 배터리에 그려진 전선의 저항 변화를 이용해 배터리 폭발을 방지하는 시스템을 개발하는 것이다. 또한 패턴분석을 통해 어떤 형태로 전선을 구성하여야 저항 변화가 많이 일어나는지 분석하였다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2024

We spend a lot of time in indoor space, and the space has a huge impact on our lives. Interior design plays a significant role to make an indoor space attractive and functional. However, it should consider a lot of complex elements such as color, pattern, and material etc. With the increasing demand for interior design, there is a growing need for technologies that analyze these design elements accurately and efficiently. To address this need, this study suggests a deep learning-based design analysis system. The proposed system consists of a semantic segmentation model that classifies spatial components and an image classification model that classifies attributes such as color, pattern, and material from the segmented components. Semantic segmentation model was trained using a dataset of 30000 personal indoor interior images collected for research, and during inference, the model separate the input image pixel into 34 categories. And experiments were conducted with various backbones in order to obtain the optimal performance of the deep learning model for the collected interior dataset. Finally, the model achieved good performance of 89.05% and 0.5768 in terms of accuracy and mean intersection over union (mIoU). In classification part convolutional neural network (CNN) model which has recorded high performance in other image recognition tasks was used. To improve the performance of the classification model we suggests an approach that how to handle data that has data imbalance and vulnerable to light intensity. Using our methods, we achieve satisfactory results in classifying interior design component attributes. In this paper, we propose indoor space design analysis system that automatically analyzes and classifies the attributes of indoor images using a deep learning-based model. This analysis system, used as a core module in the A.I interior recommendation service, can help users pursuing self-interior design to complete their designs more easily and efficiently.