• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2016

Objectives: This study introduces the history and types of Korean pharmacopuncture and reports trends of research on Korean pharmacopuncture. Methods: Pharmacopuncture studies were searched from the first year of each search engine to 2014 by using seven domestic and foreign search databases. Selected studies were divided into the history of pharmacopuncture, kinds and features of pharmacopuncture, research types, and experimental and clinic studies and were then classified by year of publication, type of pharmacopuncture, disease, and topic. Results: Pharmacopuncture can be classified into four large groups: meridian field pharmacopuncture (MFP), eight-principles pharmacopuncture (EPP), animal-based pharmacopuncture (ABP) and mountain-ginseng pharmacopuncture, which is a single-compound pharmacopuncture (SCP). The largest numbers of studies were reported from 1997 to 2006, after which the numbers decreased until 2014. Of experimental studies, 51.9%, 18.7%. 14.3%, 9% and 3.4% were on SCP, ABP, MFP, formula pharmacopuncture (FP), and EPP, respectively. Of clinical studies, 54.7%, 15.3%. 14.9% 10.0% and 1.5% were on ABP, MFP, EPP, SCP, and FP (1.5%), respectively. Among clinical studies, case reports and case series accounted for 76.5%, followed by randomized controlled trials (RCTs, 16.4%) and non-RCT (13.9%). Musculoskeletal diseases, toxicity and safety tests, anti-cancer effects, and nervous system diseases were mainly treated in experimental studies while musculoskeletal diseases, nervous system diseases, toxicity and safety tests, and autonomic nerve function tests were addressed in clinical studies. Bee venom (BV) was the most frequently-used pharmacopuncture in mechanism studies. Pharmacopuncture was mainly used to treat musculoskeletal diseases. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture and studies of it have made great progress in Korea. Studies on BV pharmacopuncture and musculoskeletal diseases accounted for most of the studies reported during the review period. Research on the types of pharmacopuncture and diseases has to be expanded. Especially, studies on the use of MFP and EPP for treating patients with various diseases are needed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.1143-1147
• /
• 2014

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered to play a critical role in the development of cervical carcinoma, which is the third most common cancer among Korean females. Here, we performed a baseline study of HPV infection and genotyping using an HPV DNA chip, which is a type of oligonucleotide microarray. A total of 6,855 cervical swab specimens from 5,494 women attending Dankook University Hospital Health Improvement Center in Cheonan, Korea between 2006 and 2012, originally collected for HPV infection screening, were genotyped for HPV. The extracted DNA from the cervical specimens was investigated by an HPV DNA chip designed to detect 41 different HPV types. HPV was identified as positive in 1,143 (16.7%) of the 6,855 samples. The most frequently detected HPV genotypes were HPV types 16, 53, 56, 58, 39, 52, 70, 84, 68, 62, 35, 54, 81, 18, and 30, in descending order of incidence. The proportions of single and multiple HPV infections in the HPV-positive specimens were 78.1% and 21.9%, respectively. The average age of HPV-positive patients was 39.9 years, with the positive rate of HPV being the highest in the 10-29 age group (20.6%). We report here on the prevalence and distribution of 41 different genotypes of HPV according to age among women in Cheonan, Korea. These data may be of use as baseline data for the assessment of public health-related issues and for the development of area-specific HPV vaccines.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.635-646
• /
• 2009

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases is very important for appropriate treatment of patients. Recent advances in molecular-level interaction and detection technologies are upgrading the clinical diagnostics by providing new ways of diagnosis, with higher speed and accuracy. In particular, DNA microarrays can be efficiently used in clinical diagnostics which span from discovery of diseaserelevant genes to diagnosis using its biomarkers. Diagnostic DNA microarrays have been used for genotyping and determination of disease-relevant genes or agents causing diseases, mutation analysis, screening of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), detection of chromosome abnormalities, and global determination of posttranslational modification. The performance of DNA-microarray-based diagnosis is continuously improving by the integration of other tools. Thus, DNA microarrays will play a central role in clinical diagnostics and will become a gold standard method for disease diagnosis. In this paper, various applications of DNA microarrays in disease diagnosis are reviewed. Special effort was made to cover the information disclosed in the patents so that recent trends and missing applications can be revealed.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2015

When scanning PET/CT, dose not unwrinkle gastric folds can be difficult to diagnose gastric cancer. In this study, we use an blowing agent to evaluate the extension the stomach and usefulness of it. The study enrolled 30 patients who patient with uptake in stomach between January and February 2013. Stomach extension was described as the vertical length of the Water drink group was $61.7{\pm}9.7mm$, horizontal length was $102.5{\pm}17.6mm$ and the vertical length of the Blowing agent group was $74.1{\pm}10.7mm$, horizontal length was $101.5{\pm}14.8mm$ in transverse section. Stomach extension was described as the vertical length of the Water drink group was $109.3{\pm}18.8mm$, horizontal length was $62.7{\pm}18.4mm$ and the vertical length of the Blowing agent group was $123.1{\pm}23.1mm$, horizontal length was $87.6{\pm}14.9mm$ in coronal section. Water drink group SUV decreased 35% and Blowing agent group SUV decreased 56%. Blowing agent group extension was similar or superior than water drink group. Therefore, when using a blowing agent will be able to help clinical.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.91-105
• /
• 2003

There are significant limitations in the precision of mandibular distraction in setting a desired occlusal and facial esthetic outcome. The purpose of this study is to present the simulation method for the distraction osteogenesis treatment planning. 3-D surgery simulation software programs V-works and V-Surgery(Cybermed, Seoul, Korea) were used from the 3D CT data in addition to the conventional data facial photography, panorama and cephalogram, dental cast model. We have utilized already for the various surgical procedures to get information preoperatively for the maxillofacial surgery like cancer localization and reconstructive surgery, orthognathic surgery and implant surgery in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. On the software, bone cutting can be done at any place and any direction. Separated bone segment can be mobilized in all 3 dimensional direction. After the 3D simulation on the software program, mock surgery on the RP model can be performed. This planning method was applied to two hemifacial microsomia patients. With this protocol, we could simulate the movement of bony segment after maxillofacial distraction osteogenesis

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.528-543
• /
• 1993

Vitamin E, which has its advocates in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. autoimmune disease, cancer and peripheral vascular and thromboembolic disease, has now been alleged to have a powerful antioxident effect and to affect various biological activities such as fertility factor, inhibition of human platelet aggregation and stabilization of biological membranes. The present study was designed to test whether vitamin I(alpha-tocopherol) can : (1) enhance the hemagglutinin response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), (2) modulate Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) to SRBC and contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). (3) enhance the mitogenic response of murine splenocyte, (4) decrease the recovery of Cryptococcus neoformans from brain, lung, liver, spleen and kidney of infected mice and (5) have an inhibitory or enhancing effect on the induction of active systemic anaphylaxis(ASA) induced by chicken-gamma globulin (CGG) in mice. Mice were given either intramuscular injections of 0.3ml (300mg) of vitamin I before immunization or were infection for 10 consecutive days or were given by vitamin I esophageal intubation, 0.1ml(100mg), for 20 days before sacrifice for the mitogenic response experiments. It was found that vitamin E treated mice showed a significant enhancement in hemagglutinin response, Arthus reaction and DTH to SRBC and contact hypersensitivity to DNFB. There was no significant difference in the mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin(PHA), but the response to concanavalin A(ConA) or pokeweed mitogem(PWM) was increased in vitamin E-treated mice. Interestingly, the vitamin E administration before C. neoformans infection decreased significantly the recovery of C. neoformans from brain lung, liver, spleen and kidney of the infected mice as compared with that of the control mice, strongly suggesting that vitamin E pretreatment may increase the resistance of mice to the fungal infection. Unexpectedly, vitamin E administration enhanced the production of CGG -induced ASA. Taken together, it can be concluded that vitamin I administration may in-crease the humoral and cellular immune response and resistance. to C. neoformans infection, but enhance the induction of ASA to CGG. Further studies are necessary to clarify the underlying mechanism accounting for these effects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.448-460
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate risk factors for senile dementia as well as care givers' stresses and thier needs for nursing care. It was done using a retrospective survey. A convenience sample or In senile dementia patients and l20 nor-mal elders in a rural area was used. The tools used in the study were the MMSE-K(Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea) for dementia screening test and a questionaire developed by the research team. Data were collected through home visits by Com-munity Health Practitioners. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, and Chi-square test. The findings are as follows : 1. There were significant differences in age, marital status, and religions between the two groups. 2. There was a significant difference in smoling behavior between the two groups. 3. There was a significant difference in past his-tory of cancer between groups. 4. There was a significant difference in past and present elderftmily relationship between the two groups. 5. There were significant differences in intellectual activities, assuming major role in family and seeking other's help in daily life troubles between the two groups. 6. There were significant differences in stress factors such as child problem, family conflict, health problem and illegal behavior between the two groups. 7. The major problems out by families in caring for dementia patient were catastrophic reactions, dirtiness, mood change, devouring and tremor. The most serious problems faced by families was dirtiness. with catastrophic reactions, sleep distrubance, changeableness, and a suspcio-usness following. The care givers expressed chronic fatigue, anxiety, tension, depression, disorder in daily life, shamefulness, blame from neighbours and guiltiness. 8. There is need for geriatric hospitals, nursing homes, burden sharing, and counselling or education for family care givers. A replicate study in the urban area is recommended to validate the findings of this study. To explore the impact of stress in life and ‘han’ on senile dementia, a qualitative study is recommended.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 2013

Background Robots have allowed head and neck surgeons to extirpate oropharyngeal tumors safely without the need for lip-split incision or mandibulotomy. Using robots in oropharyngeal reconstruction is new but essential for oropharyngeal defects that result from robotic tumor excision. We report our experience with robotic free-flap reconstruction of head and neck defects to exemplify the necessity for robotic reconstruction. Methods We investigated head and neck cancer patients who underwent ablation surgery and free-flap reconstruction by robot. Between July 1, 2011 and March 31, 2012, 5 cases were performed and patient demographics, location of tumor, pathologic stage, reconstruction methods, flap size, recipient vessel, necessary pedicle length, and operation time were investigated. Results Among five free-flap reconstructions, four were radial forearm free flaps and one was an anterolateral thigh free-flap. Four flaps used the superior thyroid artery and one flap used a facial artery as the recipient vessel. The average pedicle length was 8.8 cm. Flap insetting and microanastomosis were achieved using a specially manufactured robotic instrument. The total operation time was 1,041.0 minutes (range, 814 to 1,132 minutes), and complications including flap necrosis, hematoma, and wound dehiscence did not occur. Conclusions This study demonstrates the clinically applicable use of robots in oropharyngeal reconstruction, especially using a free flap. A robot can assist the operator in insetting the flap at a deep portion of the oropharynx without the need to perform a traditional mandibulotomy. Robot-assisted reconstruction may substitute for existing surgical methods and is accepted as the most up-to-date method.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.18-22
• /
• 2002

Background and Objectives: The expression of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex, has been detected in tissues from many human cancers, but not in the majority of normal tissues except germ cell. It is believed that the activation of telomerase is linked to celluar immortality and may playa role in tumorigenesis. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been identified as a putative catalytic subunit of human telomerase and its expression is closely correlated with telomease activity. We studied the expression of hTERT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and resection margin by immunohistochemistry for hTERT and evaluate the correlation between hTERT expression and clinical data in HNSCC. Materials and Methods: We performed a immunohistochemistry in 17 cases of HNSCC and 10 cases of resection margins, histologically normal. The correlations between the hTERT expression and the clinical data in HNSCC were analyzed. Result: hTERT immunoreactivities were detected in 14 of 17 (82.4%) HNSCC, 1 of 10 (10%) resection margin. No correlation was observed between clinical data and hTERT expression in HNSCC. Conclusion: hTERT is activated in HNSCC and its expression is independent from clinical data of patients.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.196-202
• /
• 2016

We aim to develop the breast bolus by using a 3D printer to minimize the air-gap, and compare it to commercial bolus used for patients undergoing reconstruction in breast cancer. The bolus-shaped region of interests (ROIs) were contoured at the surface of the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) thorax phantom with 5 mm thickness, after which the digital imaging and communications in mdicine (DICOM)-RT structure file was acquired. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy (Tomo-IMRT) and direct mode (Tomo-Direct) using the Tomotherapy were established. The 13 point doses were measured by optically stimulated luminescence (OSLD) dosimetry. The measurement data was analyzed to quantitatively evaluate the applicability of 3D bolus. The percentage change of mean measured dose between the commercial bolus and 3D-bolus was 2.3% and 0.7% for the Tomo-direct and Tomo-IMRT, respectively. For air-gap, range of the commercial bolus was from 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm at the periphery of the right breast. In contrast, the 3D-bolus have occurred the air-gap (i.e., 0 cm). The 3D-bolus for radiation therapy reduces the air-gap on irregular body surface that believed to help in accurate and precise radiation therapy due to better property of adhesion.