• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Purpose: The main cause of flap loss in microsurgical tissue transfer is venous insufficiency. Whether or not multiple venous anastomoses prevents vascular thrombosis and reduces the risk of flap failure remains controversial. Some researchers are in favor of performing dual venous anastomoses, but the counterargument holds that performing a single venous anastomosis does provide advantages. Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of 15 cases of anterolateral thigh free flap for extremity reconstruction performed between January 2011 and December 2013. The patients were categorized into two groups: group A that received a single venous anastomosis and group B that received dual venous anastomoses. The time of the anastomosis, size of the flap, complications of the flap, and survival rate of each group were analyzed. Results: The total microsurgical time in the single venous anastomosis group ranged from 28 to 43 minutes (mean 35.9 minutes). The total time in the dual anastomoses group ranged from 50 to 64 minutes (mean 55.7 minutes). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups with regards to postoperative complications and flap failure. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the use of a single venous anastomosis in the venous drainage of anterolateral thigh free flaps is a safe and feasible option for extremity reconstruction and provides shorter operative time and easy flap dissection.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 2020

Since April 2015, post-mastectomy breast reconstruction has been covered by the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). The frequency of these procedures has increased very rapidly. We analyzed data obtained from the Big Data Hub of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) and determined annual changes in the number of breast reconstruction procedures and related trends in Korea. We evaluated the numbers of mastectomy and breast reconstruction procedures performed between April 2015 and December 2018 using data from the HIRA Big Data Hub. We determined annual changes in the numbers of total, autologous, and implant breast reconstructions after NHIS coverage commenced. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The post-mastectomy breast reconstruction rate increased from 19.4% in 2015 to 53.4% in 2018. In 2015, implant reconstruction was performed in 1,366 cases and autologous reconstruction in 905 (60.1% and 39.8%, respectively); these figures increased to 3,703 and 1,570 (70.2% and 29.7%, respectively) in 2018. Free tissue transfer and deep inferior epigastric perforator flap creation were the most common autologous reconstruction procedures. For implant-based reconstructions, the rates of directto-implant and tissue-expander breast reconstructions (first stage) were similar in 2018. This study summarizes breast reconstruction trends in Korea after NHIS coverage was expanded in 2015. A significant increase over time in the post-mastectomy breast reconstruction rate was evident, with a trend toward implant-based reconstruction. Analysis of data from the HIRA Big Data Hub can be used to predict breast reconstruction trends and convey precise information to patients and physicians.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1993

In 27 patients with the past history of poor response to the gonadotropin superovulation induction due to poor follicular growth or permature surge of endogenous luteinizing hormone, the effectiveness of pituitary supperssion with the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a) in in vitro fertilization(IVF) program was evaluated in 43 cycles using a combination regimen of D-Trp-6 LHRH(Decapeptyl, Ferring)and FSH/hMG from June, 1989 to August, 1990 at Korea University Hospital IVF Clinic. At midluteal phase of menstrual cycle, Decapeptyl-CR was administered by long-term protocol to minimize initial agonistic effect of endogenous gonadotropins. After the confirmation of pituitary suppression, about 2-3 weeks after GNRH-a administration, ovarian follicle growth was stimulated with FSH/hMG and followed by transvaginal ultrasonic measurement of follicle size and by monitoring of serm E2 and LH if necessary. When compared with the control group stimulated with gonadotropin regimen only, the cancellation rate and occurrence rate of premature LH surge during gonadotropin treatment were significantly lower in study group(11.6% and 2.4%, respectively). There is no significant differences in the mean number of aspirated oocytes, fertilization/cleavage rate, embryo transfer(ET) rate, and mean number of embryos transferred between the two groups. The pregnancy rate per treatment cycle, 16.3%, and per ET cycle, 23.3%, were significantly higher in the study group compared with those of control group. These data suggest that GnRH-a therapy is effective for previous poor responder In gonadotropin superovulation induction for IVF.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

Objective: Sperm must be properly prepared in in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) programs in order to control the fertilization rate and ensure that embryos are of high quality and have appropriate developmental abilities. The objective of this study was to determine the most optimal sperm preparation method for IVF. Methods: Patients less than 40 years of age who participated in a fresh IVF-ET cycle from November 2012 to March 2013 were included in this study. Poor responders with less than three mature oocytes were excluded. Ham's F-10 medium or sperm-washing medium (SWM) was used in combination with the density-gradient centrifugation/swim-up (DGC-SUP) or SUP methods for sperm preparation. A total of 429 fresh IVF-ET cycles were grouped according to the media and methods used for sperm preparation and retrospectively analyzed (DGC-SUP/Ham's F-10, n=82; DGC-SUP/SWM, n=43; SUP/Ham's F-10, n=181; SUP/SWM, n=123). Results: There were no significant differences among these four groups with respect to the mean age of the female partners, duration of infertility, number of previous IVF cycles, and retrieved oocytes. We determined that both the DGC-SUP and SUP methods for sperm preparation from whole semen, using either Ham's F-10 or SWM media, result in comparable clinical outcomes, including fertilization and pregnancy rates. Conclusion: We suggest that both media and both methods for sperm preparation can be used for selecting high-quality sperm for assistive reproductive technology programs.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.466-472
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• 2007

A total of 98 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) isolates (58 isolates from patients and 40 isolates from poultry) were compared based on their antimicrobial susceptibility, Tn1546 element organization, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. This comparison aided in determining the relationships between the groups of isolates. All the VREF isolates harbored the vanA gene; however, 29 (29.6%) of the isolates exhibited the VanB phenotype-vanA genotype. Furthermore, the VREF isolates from humans and poultry exhibited distinct antimicrobial resistance patterns. The PCR mapping of the Tn1546 elements exhibited 12 different transposon types (A to L). The VREF isolates of poultry were classified into types A to D, whereas the human isolates were classified into types E to L. A PFGE analysis demonstrated a high degree of clonal heterogeneity in both groups of isolates; however, the distinct VREF clones appeared in each group of isolates. The deletion of the vanX-vanY genes or insertion of IS1216V in the intergenic region from the vanX-vanY genes is directly associated with the incongruence of the VanB phenotype-vanA genotype in human VREF isolates. These data suggest that the VREF isolates exhibit distinct phenotypic and genotypic traits according to their origins, which suggests that no evidence exists to substantiate the clonal spread or transfer of vancomycin resistance determinants between humans and poultry.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was carried out to rind out the prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders among workers in manufacturing industries, so that the result could provide basic data necessary to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Information on general characteristics, occupational characteristics, and musculoskeletal symptoms were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire between October and November in 2002, from 345 workers in Kim-hae and Ulsan, Kyung-nam province. The data were analyzed for chi-square test by using SPSS NVIN 10.0 program. The results are as follows: According to the self-reports, among musculoskeletal symptoms complain on shoulders are topping for 50.4%, low back is followed for 40.6%, leg/foot 35.7%, neck 34.5%, wrist/hand/finger 30.1%, and arm 24.3%. According to occupational characteristics prevalence by anatomical site, about neck pains 119 subject, occupational satisfaction is 62,6% in moderate group, work shift is 71.8% in no work shift group, each significant high. Symptom complain rate of 104 patients who complained on wrist, hand and finger pain is significantly related that 36.5% below 5 years and 36.5% above 15 years have been worked group. And each of them are significantly related 77.9% in labor workers group, 70% in no work shift group, 54.8% in frequent transfer group. Among 140 subjects who have back pain, that is significationtly reported on 37.1% below 5 years and 37.9% above 15 years and 60.0% moderate satisfied occupation group have been worked group. Therefore, some efforts should be proceeded such as improvement of working condition, flexibility for changing work, more pleasant and better working environment, and etc.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 1990

These studies were made to assess the present stage of resistance of Shigella species to antibiotics and to find characteristics of R-plasmid of these bacteria. From 1986 to 1988, 125 strains of Shigella species were isolated from patients specimens collected in Chung Cheong-do Hospital, Kyunghee Medical Center, city an provincial health & environmental institutes. These specimens were tested for resistance to 12 kinds of antimicrobial agents by agar dilution method. Using Muller-Hinton agar for the assay of drug resistance and Trypticane Soy Broth as propagating medium for conjugation. All the strains (100%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Drug resistance patterns of isolated strains were found as the highest resistance to ampicillin (98%) in 1986, to tetracycline (98%) in 1987, to tetracycline (100%) in 1988, all strains were sensitive to gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin. Chronologically, resistance decreased gradually as it was shown in relation to kanamycin, rifampicin in 1986, 1987 and 1988, (4%, 2%) (4%, 2%) (0%, 0%) respectively. But, resistance was increased year by year as it was shown in relation to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, streptomycin in 1986, 1987, 1988 (89%, 19%, 45%) (98%, 46%, 71%) and (100%, 58%, 88%). The resistance in correlation to more than 5 drugs, which was 13 strains among 47 strains in 1986, 38 strains among 87 strains in 1987, 23 strains among 26 strains in 1988, was increased gradually. In the transfer test of drug resistance by conjugation methods, the rate which was 3 strains (50%) in 1986, 8 strains (62%) in 1987, 3 strains (100%) in 1988, was increased gradually. When the donor strains were conjugated with the recipient strains, the conjugation rate was high in the multiple resistant strains. The relationships of transferring patterns of drug resistance and molecular weight of R-plasmid were variable. However, only a plasmid which has more than 35 Mgd was transferred.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.349-359
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was two-fold : to describe the level of recognition of nosocomial respiratory infections by ICU nurses and to compare self evaluation and objective evaluation of nosocomial respiratory infection control practices by ICU nurses. Method: Data were collected from 78 nurses in intensive care units in one university affiliated hospital in Kyung Ki Province. Data were collected from March 4 to March 18, 2002. The recognition and self evaluation data were collected through a self report questionnaire and an objective evaluation which was done by observing the actual behavior of the nurses. Result: The results of this study showed that there was a significant positive relationship between recognition scores and self evaluation scores. However, there was no significant relationship between level of recognition and objective evaluation, nor between self evaluation and objective evaluation of infection control Practices by ICU nurses. Conclusion: ICU nurses In this study gave higher scores on self evaluation of their practice than were shown in the observation evaluation of actual practice. Moreover, in the objective evaluation the nurses had the lowest score on the item, 'washing hands before taking care of patients'. The results indicate that it is necessary to develop a standardized practice manual on nosocomial respiratory infection control in the ICU. Also, it is necessary to have a program to transfer knowledge into actual practice.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.415-420
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• 2013

U-WHS refers to a means of remote health monitoring service to combine fitness with wellbing. U-WHS is a system which can measure and manage biometric information of patients without any limitation on time and space. In this paper, we performed in order to look into the influence that the encryption module influences on the communication evaluation in the biometric information transmission gone to the smart mobile device and Hospital Information System.In the case of the U-WHS model, the client used the Objective-c programming language for software development of iOS Xcode environment and SEED and HIGHT encryption module was applied. In the case of HIS, the MySQL which is the Websocket API of the HTML5 and relational database management system for the client and inter-server communication was applied. Therefore, in WIFI communication environment, by using wireshark, data transfer rate of the biometric information, delay and loss rate was checked for the evaluation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1999

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)s are believed to one of several growth factors that play an adjunctive role in ovarian follicular development. These factors circulate bound to a family of IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)s. It is known that circulating IGFBPs are involved in the transport of IGFs to tissues and modulate IGFs actions at local tissue. The purposes of this study were to evaluate changes in serum IGFBPs profiles during normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and to compare serum IGFBPs profiles in periovulatory phase of between normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and controlled hyperstimulated cycle. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 15 normal healthy women throughout normal ovulatory menstural cyle and on the day of aspiration of oocyte from 10 patients undergoing ovarian hyperstimuation for in vito fertilization-embryo transfer. Serum IGFBP-1 - IGFBP-4 were measured by western ligand blot and immunoprecipitation. Serum $17{\beta}$-estradiol was determined by radioimmunoassay. Type and molecular weight of serum IGFBP did not changed during normal ovulatory menstural cycle. No significant variation in the relative proportion and level of each IGFBP was found throughout normal ovulatory menstural cyle. Also, the relative proportion and level of each IGFBP did not correlated with serum $17{\beta}$-estradiol level. There was no significant difference in the relative proportion and level of each serum IGFBP between on the day of ovulation in normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and on the day of aspiration of oocyte in controlled hyperstimulated cycle. Our data indicate that IGFBPs have regulatory functions in ovary through an paracrine and autocrine rather than endocrine mechanism during normal ovulatory menstural cycle.