• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.139-144
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• 2007

Radiotherapy which is the most effective for orbit lymphoma has been used increasingly due to the increase of orbit or ocular adnexal tumor patients. Curative effects and convalescence have been being more satisfied thanks to remarkable development of cancer chemotherapy and medical treatments, but side effects such as cataract, dry eye and retinopathy still break out. Thus, in this study, a Lens Shielding Device (LSD hereafter) was designed to prevent occurring of cataract due to radiation therapy for orbit lymphoma and its efficacy through dosimetry were evaluated. And in this paper, its manufacturing process was also explained. LSD is composed of a cover body covering the lens and a side fixing part supporting the cover body. To measure radiation, the patient therapy conditions were simulated and the measurement of the radiation was conducted with Thermo Luminescence Detector (TLD) and Markus chamber. The average TLD value was 5.7% and the TLD value and Markus chamber value were acquired as 4.2% and 5.1% respectively at 6 mm depth where zero lens center was located. Only 1.5Gy ($300Gy{\times}\;5%$) or 5% of total 30Gy with 9 MeV electron beam is estimated to affect on patient's lens. That is smaller dose than the threshold value of cataract (2GY) or the value (5Gy) that was reported to cause cataract in clinical conditions. Thus, these findings suggest that LSD be very useful for prevention of cataract during radiotherapy for malignant lymphoma of orbit and ocular adnexa. Furthermore, it might be possible to reduce patient's discomfort caused by alien substances and to make it easier to fix the device with customized manufacturing manners.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 1994

Soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck is not frequent neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of all malignant neoplasm in the region. The histological varieties include osteogenic sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, tenosynovial sarcoma, angiosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck usually occur in children under the age of 10 years (over 70%) and rarely develop in adults over the age of 20 years. The prevalent sites of involvement include the orbit, nasal cavity, external ear, paranasal sinus and soft tissue of mouth and the primary location of tumor is considered to be one of the important prognostic factors. Before the 1960s, when surgical resection was the only method of treatment, the 5-year survival rate was less than 20%, but recently it has been greatly improved by the multimodality treatment, combining surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Here we treated a rhabdomyosarcoma woman with three cycles of high dose chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy. After the, completion of preoperative treatments, successful result of more than partial response was achieved. Three months later total maxillectomy and radical neck dissection was performed. There was no evidence of tumor infiltration in the resected tumor and regional lymphnodes but metastasized tumor cells in cervical lymphnodes were detected. Tumor cell infiltration was also found on the bone marrow biopsy to evaluate the pancytopenia which occurred during postoperative recovery. Two months later she died of secondary bone marrow failure. We think that this multimodality treatment combining pre-operative chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery might play an important role in curative resection and eyeball preservation in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma involving the eyeball.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.574-579
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• 2008

To develop a yogurt for sensitive consumer such as infants, children or immuno-compromised patients using gamma irradiation, the effects of gamma irradiation on the microbiological, chemical, and sensory quality in a commercial plain yogurt were investigated. No viable coliform bacteria were detected in the sample and approximately a 6 decimal reduction was achieved in the number of total aerobic bacteria by irradiation at 5 kGy. The initial population of lactic acid bacteria observed in the commercial plain yogurt was 8.95 log CFU/g. Gamma irradiation significantly reduced the initial microbial level to 6.47 and 2.85 log CFU/g after irradiation at 1 and 3 kGy, respectively (p<0.05). However, irradiation dose up to 5 kGy could not completely eliminate the lactic acid bacteria in commercial plain yogurt. pH, color, lactose and lactic acid content, and sensory quality were not affected by irradiation treatment and storage. Our results suggest that irradiation can improve the microbial quality of commercial plain yogurt without impairing the physicochemical and sensory quality.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.269-277
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• 1989

CNS prophylaxis with 18 or 24 Gy cranial irradiation plus intrathecal methotrexate was given to 134 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients who had got bone marrow remission (M1) after remission induction chemotherapy from August 1979 to December 1986. The rate of initial total CNS relapse was 14.2% (19/134), the rate of isolated CNS relapse was 5.2% (7/134), and the rate of CNS relapse concomittantly combined with bone marrow relapse or testicular relapse was 9% (12/134). Male sex or older age was accociated with higher CNS relapes and the initial peripheral leukocyte count over 50,000/ul had higher relapse rate. Relapse with radiation dose of 18Gy was somewhat lower than that with 24Gy. Within 4 years after CNS prophylaxis occurred 89% of the total CNS relapses, 100% of the isolated CNS relapses, and 83% of the combined CNS relapses. Adjusted to exposed cases to risk of CNS relapse, the total CNS relapse rate was 11.9% during maintenance chemotherapy and 4.9% after maintenance chemotherapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

Purpose: Hypopharyngeal cancer is diagnosed at the advanced stage in most cases, which the prognosis known to be poor. Thus, the efficacy of induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, with regards to the response and survival rate for stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer patients, was examined. Materials and Methods: From July 1998 to February 2000, 18 cases were diagnosedas AJCC stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer without distant metastasis. These patients were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, and the results retrospectively analyzed. The regimen of the induction chemotherapy was the 5-FU and cisplatincombination, at 3-week intervals for, 2 cycles. The total radiation dose for the primary lesion and metastatic lymph nodes was $68.4\~72.0$Gy (median: 70.2 Gy). Results: The: The median follow up period was 28 months, ranging from 7 to 99 months. The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rate were 41.7 and $31.1\%$, respectively. In 6 cases ($33.3\%$), conservation of the larynx for over 3 years was possible. After the induction chemotherapy there were 16 partial responses ($88.8\%$), 1 complete response and 1 with no response ($5.6\%$ each), therefore, 17 of the 18 cases ($94.6\%$) showed responses. After the completion of the induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, a complete response was noted in 13 cases ($72.2\%$), a partial response in 5 ($27.8\%$), with an overall response rate of $100\%$. In the analysis of the prognostic factors influencing the survival rate, the 3-year and disease-free survival rates for the complete and partial response groups were 43.1, and $20.0\%$, and 39.6, and $20.0\%$, respectively (p=0.0003, p=0.002). Only the final response after treatment completion was statistically significant. Conclusion: For stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer, induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy was an effective treatment, with no severe side effects.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.228-239
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• 2009

Purpose: 4DCT scans performed for radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed to assess the possible benefits of respiratory gating in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and established the predictive factors for identifying patients who could benefit from this approach. Materials and Methods: Three treatment planning was performed for 15 patients with stage I~III NSCLC using different planning target volumes (PTVs) as follows: 1) PTVroutine, derived from the addition of conventional uniform margins to gross tumor volume (GTV) of a single bin, 2) PTVall phases (patient-specific PTV), derived from the composite GTV of all 6 bins of the 4DCT, and 3) PTVgating, derived from the composite GTV of 3 consecutive bins at end-exhalation. Results: The reductions in PTV were 43.2% and 9.5%, respectively, for the PTVall phases vs. PTVroutine and PTVgating vs. PTVall phases. Compared to PTVroutine, the use of PTVall phases and PTVgating reduced the mean lung dose (MLD) by 18.1% and 21.6%, and $V_{20}$ by 18.2% and 22.0%, respectively. Significant correlations were seen between certain predictive factors selected from the tumor mobility and volume analysis, such as the 3D mobility vector, the reduction in 3D mobility and PTV with gating, and the ratio of GTV overlap between 2 extreme bins and additional reductions in both MLD and $V_{20}$ with gating. Conclusion: The additional benefits with gating compared to the use of patient-specific PTV were modest; however, there were distinct correlations and differences according to the predictive factors. Therefore, these predictive factors might be useful for identifying patients who could benefit from respiratory-gated radiotherapy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.284-292
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• 2019

To evaluate the usefulness of pediatric chest CT scans by comparing the dose, examination time, and image quality by applying Helical mode, High-pitch mode, and Volume Axial mode to minimize the radiation exposure and obtain high diagnostic value. Revolution (GE Healthcare, Wisconsin USA) was used to divide PBU-70 phantom into Helical mode, High-pitch mode, and Volume Axial mode. After acquiring images, ROI is set for each image, heart, bone, lung, and back-ground air, and the average value is obtained by measuring CT number (HU) and noise (SD). SNR and CNR were measured and compared with DLP values provided directly by the equipment. Determining statistical significance Statistical analysis was performed using ONE-WAY-ANAOVA using SPSS 21.0. In this experiment, it was possible to inspect at a short time without deterioration of image quality with the lowest dose when using volume axial mode. Although the detector coverage of 16 cm is limited to all pediatric chest CT scans, it is recommended to be actively used in pediatric patients, and further study is needed to apply other test sites in volume axial mode.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.589-595
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• 2023

If complete coronary artery occlusion occurs due to severer coronary spasm, malignant arrhythmias can lead to death. Therefore, early screening for coronary artery spasm angina is essential. Among the test methods, the drug injection test through coronary angiography is generally performed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the advantages of ergonovine drug test for vasospasitc angina examination during coronary angiography, such as the relationship between the procedure time, contrast medium usage, and radiation exposure effects of coronary angiography. Follow-up data of 142 patients who underwent coronary angiography and variant angina examination from september 2021 to february 2023 were used. As a result of analyzing contrast usage dose and dose area product and air kerma dose and number of imaging series and procedure time, variant angina examination was statistically significantly higher than coronary angiography. (p<0.001) In conclusion, variant angina examination other than coronary artery angiography are radiologically negative. Therefore, we think it is better to avoid excessive inspection. Nevertheless, in the case of the provocation test, the longer the examination time, the higher the fluoroscopy time and the amount of contrast medium used, so it is better to conduct the test as quickly as possible or shorten it.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1986

From 1979 to 1984, 39 local allograft irradiations were given to 29 patients: 10 irradiations were administered for prevention and 29 for reversal of acute rejection of transplanted kidney. Three doses of 150 cGy every other day were combined with high-dose of methylprednisolone pulse (1 gm/day) for 3 days. For prevention of acute rejection, local irradiation was delivered on the days 1, 3, and 5 after the transplantation, and for reversal, irradiation started after the diagnosis of acute rejection. Eight out of 10 patients irradiated for prevention had acute allograft rejection, and, what is more, there was no surviving graft at 15 months after transplantation. Reversal of acute rejection was achieved in $71\%$. When the pre-irradiation level of serum creatinine was below $5.5mg\%$, the reversal rate was $93\%$, but above $5.5mg\%$ the reversal rate was only $17\%$ (p<0.01). Reirradiation after failure was not successful. Among 15 reversed patients, $7(47\%)$ had subsequent rejection (s). The functional graft survivals at 6 month, 1, 2, and 3 year were $70\%,\;65\%,\; 54\%,\;and\;54\%$, respectively. Therapeutic irradiation resulted in better graft survival when serum creatinine was below $5.5mg\%$ (p<0.001) or when irradiation started within 15 days after the diagnosis of acute rejection (p<0.001).

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 2000

Objectives: Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that originates from the olfactory sensory cells. This tumor grows from the upper nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus and invades surrounding structures through the cribriform plate into intracranium or orbit in advanced stage. Even though there has been some controversies in determining standard treatment due to rarity of this tumor, the combination treatment of surgery and adjuvant radiation has been recommended for the locally advanced esthesioneuroblastomas. However, the recent clinical experiences of advanced cases showed that combination chemotherapy is highly effective to reduce tumor mass and improve clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 6 esthesioneuroblastoma patients who were treated in our hospital from 1986. Results: The age of these patients was between 19 and 86 year-old. Among the 6 cases, 2 were diagnosed at stage B and 4 at stage C, according to Kadish classification. Anti-tumor treatments were performed in 5 patients. One patient refused active treatment and was lost to follow-up. Better survival outcome were observed in 3 patients who were treated with combination chemotherapy alone or combined modality treatment including chemotherapy. Conclusion: Based on our retrospective study, the combined treatment consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and combination chemotherapy should be used to improve treatment results. And furthermore, innovative clinical approaches such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation, which have been reported to have good therapeutic results, should be considered and applied actively.