• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.116-122
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• 2024

Background: Due to the importance of evidence-based research in plastic surgery, the authors of this study aimed to assess the accuracy of ChatGPT in generating novel systematic review ideas within the field of craniofacial surgery. Methods: ChatGPT was prompted to generate 20 novel systematic review ideas for 10 different subcategories within the field of craniofacial surgery. For each topic, the chatbot was told to give 10 "general" and 10 "specific" ideas that were related to the concept. In order to determine the accuracy of ChatGPT, a literature review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane. Results: In total, 200 total systematic review research ideas were generated by ChatGPT. We found that the algorithm had an overall 57.5% accuracy at identifying novel systematic review ideas. ChatGPT was found to be 39% accurate for general topics and 76% accurate for specific topics. Conclusion: Craniofacial surgeons should use ChatGPT as a tool. We found that ChatGPT provided more precise answers with specific research questions than with general questions and helped narrow down the search scope, leading to a more relevant and accurate response. Beyond research purposes, ChatGPT can augment patient consultations, improve healthcare equity, and assist in clinical decision-making. With rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), it is important for plastic surgeons to consider using AI in their clinical practice to improve patient-centered outcomes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1478-1499
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• 2024

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. COVID-19 become an active epidemic disease due to its spread around the globe. The main causes of the spread are through interaction and transmission of the droplets through coughing and sneezing. The spread can be minimized by isolating the susceptible patients. However, it necessitates remote monitoring to check the breathing issues of the patient remotely to minimize the interactions for spread minimization. Thus, in this article, we offer a wearable-IoTs-centered framework for remote monitoring and recognition of the breathing pattern and abnormal breath detection for timely providing the proper oxygen level required. We propose wearable sensors accelerometer and gyroscope-based breathing time-series data acquisition, temporal features extraction, and machine learning algorithms for pattern detection and abnormality identification. The sensors provide the data through Bluetooth and receive it at the server for further processing and recognition. We collect the six breathing patterns from the twenty subjects and each pattern is recorded for about five minutes. We match prediction accuracies of all machine learning models under study (i.e. Random forest, Gradient boosting tree, Decision tree, and K-nearest neighbor. Our results show that normal breathing and Bradypnea are the most correctly recognized breathing patterns. However, in some cases, algorithm recognizes kussmaul well also. Collectively, the classification outcomes of Random Forest and Gradient Boost Trees are better than the other two algorithms.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.569-576
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: While patient-centered outcomes are usually not reported, these may represent major aspects of the implant success for the patient. Use of a well-designed patient survey form can be an invaluable asset to the implant practitioners. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate patient satisfaction after implant therapy by means of a questionnaire. MATERIAL AND METHODS: South Korean patients (n = 100), who visited the dental examination center of Soon Chun Hyang university hospital, were asked to fill out the satisfaction questionnaire regarding aspects of cost, comfort, esthetics, chewing, gingival health, food impaction, phonetic aspect, screw loosening, and general satisfaction. Responses to statements were given on the Likert response scale. Four experimental groups of patients were distinguished with various location ($A_1,\;A_2,\;A_3$), year ($B_1,\;B_2,\;B_3$), number of implant replacements ($C_1,\;C_2,\;C_3$), and treatment cost ($D_1,\;D_2,\;D_3$). The reliability of the response scales was measured by calculation of its internal consistency, expressed as Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. The scales were distinguished by means of factor analysis method. Possible differences in scale scores among the groups were assessed by One-way ANOVA (${\alpha}$= 0.05). RESULTS: Patients responded to most of the statements with high satisfaction. But the mean scale score of statement about cost was low. After the verification of internal consistency and factor analysis, five components, e.g. general satisfaction, comfort, chewing efficiency, esthetics, and phonetic aspect were grouped together. These components could be explained with common meaning and the first factor was named as 'general satisfaction'. Differences in patient satisfaction on the scale with esthetics were present between patients who have been wearing the implant prosthesis less than three years and those more than seven years ($B_1<B_3$). CONCLUSION: The patients were generally satisfied with the outcome of implant treatment. But the patients' major complaint was high cost and while the statistically significant difference was not shown, the satisfaction scale about food impaction and esthetics was low. So the continuing efforts to make improvements about these problems are needed for the implant practitioners.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2018

Background: Clinical Pharmacy Practice Experience (CPPE) is an important curriculum that offers students patient-centered disease prevention and treatment with evidence-based optimal pharmacotherapy for better clinical outcomes. However, few studies have evaluated the perception of pharmacy students regarding CPPE in tertiary and secondary hospitals. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of pharmacy students regarding the learning program of CPPE. Methods: The survey questionnaire consisted of 15 self-administered questions regarding pharmacy practices, barriers, and improvement of practical training. Fourteen institutional pharmacies located in seven regions responded to a survey questionnaire from March 1 to June 30, 2017. The participants were pharmacy students doing clerkship in a hospital setting. Results: The response rate was 73.6%. Thirty-five participants (22.4%) had used a hospital library, but 121 (77.6%) had never used the library for drug information resources. Eighty-one (50.0%) responded that clinical knowledge and drug information was the most beneficial practice. Thirty-seven (31.1%) respondents in the tertiary hospitals and 19 (46.3%) in the secondary hospitals answered that they were filling prescriptions during the daily break. On the other hand, 72 respondents (60.5%) in the tertiary hospitals and 17 (41.5%) in the secondary hospitals did literature research to prepare for presentation. Conclusion: More students in secondary hospitals continue to fill prescriptions during the daily break, as compared to those in tertiary hospitals. Therefore, the authors suggest self-directed learning to improve clinical performance and each institution considers offering onsite or online library service to improve evidence-based CPPE for pharmacy school students.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.531-544
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• 2009

This paper is intended to provide key issues and current research outcomes on accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Accelerator-based neutron sources are efficient to provide epithermal neutron beams for BNCT; hence, much research, worldwide, has focused on the development of components crucial for its realization: neutron-producing targets and cooling equipment, beam-shaping assemblies, and treatment planning systems. Proton beams of 2.5 MeV incident on lithium target results in high yield of neutrons at relatively low energies. Cooling equipment based on submerged jet impingement and micro-channels provide for viable heat removal options. Insofar as beam-shaping assemblies are concerned, moderators containing fluorine or magnesium have the best performance in terms of neutron accumulation in the epithermal energy range during the slowing-down from the high energies. NCT_Plan and SERA systems, which are popular dose distribution analysis tools for BNCT, contain all the required features (i.e., image reconstruction, dose calculations, etc.). However, detailed studies of these systems remain to be done for accurate dose evaluation. Advanced research centered on accelerator-based BNCT is active in Korea as evidenced by the latest research at Hanyang University. There, a new target system and a beam-shaping assembly have been constructed. The performance of these components has been evaluated through comparisons of experimental measurements with simulations. In addition, a new patient-specific treatment planning system, BTPS, has been developed to calculate the deposited dose and radiation flux in human tissue. It is based on MCNPX, and it facilitates BNCT efficient planning based via a user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2022

Scoliosis is a 3-dimensional change of the spine, presenting 10° above Cobb angle. Various acupuncture methods are being increasingly performed to correct scoliosis. However, no systematic review has been published. Therefore, we report on the effectiveness of acupuncture on mild scoliosis in this systematic review. We searched various databases for acupuncture treatment for scoliosis published before June 2021. The primary outcome was Cobb angle, and the secondary outcomes were patient-centered scores. Six studies were identified. RCTs that compared combination therapy with acupuncture, and other treatment methods and showed significant improvement in the Cobb angle, and effective rate, but, with low quality evidence. Acupuncture monotherapy resulted in significant improvement in the Cobb angle and had high heterogeneity compared with other treatment methods, but no significant improvement in the effective rate was observed, and the quality of evidence was low. Regardless of the type of scoliosis, acupuncture monotherapy or combination therapy with acupuncture showed significant improvement in the Cobb angle, and the quality of evidence was moderate. No serious adverse events were observed in the 6 studies reviewed. Acupuncture is considered safe, and it is more effective when performed with other conventional treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 2024

Dentoalveolar (DA) trauma, which can involve tooth, alveolar bone, and surrounding soft tissues, is a significant dentofacial emergency. In emergency settings, physicians might lack comprehensive knowledge of timely procedures, causing delays for specialist referral. This systematic review assesses the literature on isolated DA fractures, emphasizing intervention timing and splinting techniques and duration in both children and adults. This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and involved a thorough search across PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from January 1980 to December 2022. Inclusion and exclusion criteria guided study selection, with data extraction and analysis centered on demographics, etiology, injury site, diagnostics, treatment timelines, and outcomes in pediatric (2-12 years) and adult (>12 years) populations. This review analyzed 26 studies, categorized by age into pediatrics (2-12 years) and adults (>12 years). Falls were a common etiology, primarily affecting the anterior maxilla. Immediate management involved replantation, repositioning, and splinting within 24 hours (pediatric) or 48 hours (adult). Composite resin-bonded splints were common. Endodontic treatment was done within a timeframe of 3 days to 12 weeks for children and 2-12 weeks for adults. Tailored management based on patient age, tooth development stage, time elapsed, and resource availability is essential.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2005

Purpose: Critical pathways (CP), also known as clinical pathways, are management plans that display goals for patients and have led to improved outcomes for many disease entities. This study was aimed at developing a critical pathway for the surgical treatment of gastric cancer patients and evaluating its usefulness. Materials and Methods: A CP was developed and implemented by a team of surgeons, nurses, nutritionists, and administrative officials. Among the 117 patients who received curative gastrectomies for gastric cancer at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, between October 2003 and August 2004, 26 patients were treated according to the CP. We evaluated its usefulness by comparing the clinical characterisctics, postoperative progress, hospital stays, and costs between the CP and the non-CP groups. Patient satisfaction was also surveyed with questionnaires. Results: Of the initial 26 patients in the CP group, two were excluded from the final evaluation; one patient had a duodenal stump leakage, and the other had a gastric stasis postoperatively. In 8 patients, protocol violation occurred; six patients refused to be discharged on the $7^{th}$ postoperative day, one patient who had an gastric staisis postoperatively stayed for 2 additional days, and one patient who needed ICU care stayed for 4 additional days. The drop-out rate was $7.7\%$ (2/26), and the variance rate was $30.8\%$ (8/26). The mean hospital stay was 11.3 days ($10\~15$ days) for the CP group compared with 17.5 days ($9\∼68$ days) for the non-CP group, resulting in a difference of about 6 days (P<0.05). The mean hospital stays after surgery were 10.3 days ($7\∼68$ days) and 8.3 days ($7\∼12$ days) for the non-CP and the CP groups, respectively, but the difference was statistically not significant (P>0.05). The mean charge during the hospital stay was higher in the non-CP group ( $\\$ 6,292,200) than in the CP group ( $\\$ 4,863,685). The charge per hospital day was higher in the CP group ( $\\$ 430,414) than in the non-CP group ( $\\$ 359,554). Patient satisfaction was higher in the CP group than in the non-CP group. Conclusion: By developing and applying a critical pathway in the surgical treatment of stomach cancer patients, we could reduce the length of hospital stay as well as the cost. A multi-centered prospective study to establish a standard treatment pathway and to demonstrate its effectiveness is needed in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.330-341
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the film 'The Island' on 2nd year nursing students' nursing informatics (NI) competency. The participants were sixty-eight students in a baccalaureate nursing program of a private university, taking the course, 'Nursing & Informatics' in the 2012 fall semester. Over the 15 weeks, the film was used for five weeks as introduction to NI, peer-to-group discussions, and self-reflection on lessons learned regarding NI. A qualitative content analysis was used to explore the students' experiences and perceptions on their NI competency. As a result, students signified the NI concept as the assessment of biometrics data, promotion of optimal health with the support of various technologies, and integration of patient-centered care into routine practice. They also highlighted the importance of security and safety measures as well as high quality health technology including the ubiquitous health monitoring system. Overall, the lesson outcomes of the course were met. As a supportive, instructional strategy, the use of the movie, 'The Island', was effective for nursing students in achieving NI competencies. Further study is warranted to determine if movies can be used as a means of continuing education to improve informatics competences in healthcare professionals.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.288-294
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• 2009

Background: A lung hyperinflation, or air trapping, caused by expiratory flow-limitation contributes to dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) has served as an important diagnostic measurement of COPD, but does not correlate with patient-centered outcomes such as dyspnea. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the role of radiologic quantity in evaluating the dyspnea in patients with COPD by measuring lung hyperinflation in chest x-ray and high resolution chest tomography (HRCT). Methods: Fifty patients with COPD were enrolled in this study. Their subjective dyspnea score (modified Borg scale dyspnea index), spirometry, and lung volume were measured. Simultaneous hyperinflations of chest x-ray score ("chest score") and degree of emphysema of HRCT ("HRCT score") were measured. The "chest score" were composed of lung length, retrosternal space width, and height of the arc of the diaphragm and "HRCT score" were composed of severity and extent of emphysema. Results: The mean age of patients was 69 years old and their mean $FEV_1$ was 51.7%. The Borg score significantly correlated with parameters of spirometry and lung volume, including FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, RV, RV/TLC, and DLCO. The Borg score correlated well with "HRCT score", but did not correlate with "chest score". Also, the Borg scale correlates inversely with body mass index. Conclusion: The quantity of emphysema on chest HRCT may serve as an objective marker of dyspnea in patients with COPD.