• Mood & Emotion
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine effects of traumatic experiences in childhood, on depressive symptoms of college students, and to determine how depression depended on positive psychological resources. Methods : A total of 430 students were recruited, from two universities in Jeju area. All participants completed self-report questionnaires, that included demographic variables, Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Positive Resources Test (POREST). Results : Prevalence of depression was 47.9%, and a total of 133 (30.9%) college students reported traumatic experiences in childhood. Students with depressive symptoms, were likely to report more traumatic experiences in childhood, and less positive psychological resources. Results from regression analyses indicated that, while controlling for a range of demographic variables, positive psychological resources moderated the association, between traumatic experiences in childhood and depression. Conclusion : Based on results, professionals must consider positive psychological and social resources, for treatment to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with history of childhood adversity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.450-451
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• 2012

The need of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) in healthcare setup is increasing day by day. EHR Meaningful Use advocates CDSS as an important component of EHR/EMR systems. CDSS can be ranged from a simple to a very sophisticated system. The more complex CDSS systems need more attention to develop because of many reasons including its Knowledge Base (KB) structure/maintenance/evolution, inference capabilities and usability. Above all the KB maintenance and evolution is very crucial and important from the perspective of useful decision capabilities. Also the richness of the KB is important to cover the decision gaps handling a particular situation in the course of patient care. It cannot be expected from the clinicians to remember everything in regard to patient diagnosis and treatment. Similarly, it is also crucial for clinicians to keep themselves updated with the new research in the area. That is the reason they frequently require accessing to the online knowledge resources. Literature proved that online knowledge resources are capable providing answers to questions that might not be answered rely only on clinician wisdom and experience. This paper provides the theme of meaningful utilization of online knowledge resources in the context of diagnosis and treatment process for cancer patients more specifically Head and Neck cancer.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 2023

Background: Many patients use online resources to educate themselves on surgical procedures and make well-informed healthcare decisions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality and readability of online resources exploring shoulder arthroplasty. Methods: An internet search pertaining to shoulder arthroplasty (partial, anatomic, and reverse) was conducted using the three most popular online search engines. The top 25 results generated from each term in each search engine were included. Webpages were excluded if they were duplicates, advertised by search engines, subpages of other pages, required payments or subscription, or were irrelevant to our scope. Webpages were classified into different source categories. Quality of information was assessed by HONcode certification, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) criteria, and DISCERN benchmark criteria. Webpage readability was assessed using the Flesch reading ease score (FRES). Results: Our final dataset included 125 web pages. Academic sources were the most common with 45 web pages (36.0%) followed by physician/private practice with 39 web pages (31.2%). The mean JAMA and DISCERN scores for all web pages were 1.96±1.31 and 51.4±10.7, respectively. The total mean FRES score was 44.0±11.0. Only nine web pages (7.2%) were HONcode certified. Websites specified for healthcare professionals had the highest JAMA and DISCERN scores with means of 2.92±0.90 and 57.96±8.91, respectively (P<0.001). HONcode-certified webpages had higher quality and readability scores than other web pages. Conclusions: Web-based patient resources for shoulder arthroplasty information did not show high-quality scores and easy readability. When presenting medical information, sources should maintain a balance between readability and quality and should seek HONcode certification as it helps establish the reliability and accessibility of the presented information. Level of evidence: IV.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-53
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to measure the resource use of the elderly in long-term care services and to examine the effects of patient and facility characteristics on their use of resources. The data were collected from 510 old people over sixty years of age, residing in five long-term care hospitals and two skilled nursing homes during the period between December 1, 2000 and February 28, 2001. For a full sample, when the first level of RUG(Resource Use Group)-III categories were employed as the proxy of patient severity, facility characteristics, such as location, size and ownership, have large effects on the resource use measured by service intensity, whereas patient characteristics such as severity have little or no effect. The resource use is significantly high if the facility: (1) is located in rural areas (gun): (2) has mare than 200 beds; (3) is a long-term care hospital; (4) is private; and (5) has a low percentage of medical aid patients. The analysis of the resource use in each RUG-III categories, for which ADL(Ability of Daily Living) were employed as the prosy of patient severity, shows a similar result. The loose relationship between the needs of residents and the resource use seems to be closely associated with the ineffective reimbursement system for providers. The current reimbursement system has no provision for quality improvement and reimburses facilities simply according to their types: fee-for-service for long-term care hospitals, and monthly-flat-rate or full-coverage-national-aid for skilled nursing facilities. It will be necessary to develop a more reasonable reimbursement system that takes patient's severity into account and gives incentives for long-term care providers to offer cost-effective services.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.345-364
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• 2004

Purpose: This is develop a critical pathway as an useful alternative to the previous management system in order to restriction of medical resources, high expectation of ordinary people to health and application for DRG. Method: In order to preliminary critical pathway, we analyzed 30 cases of medical records of patients who had lobectomy and pneumonectomy at the Yonsei Medical Center in Seoul. An expert validity test was taken for the preliminary critical pathway, and clinical validity test was also done. After these processes, the final critical pathway was developed. Result: Among 10 cases, one was excluded in this study due to the complication after operation. 7 of total 9 patients were discharged earlier than the expected day, 1 patient was just discharged at the expected day, and 1 patient was discharged 4 days later than the expected day at the 12th day after operation. Conclusion: The critical pathway is developed without difficulty because the posoperative management for patients with lobectomy and pneumonectomy is uncomplicated. Therefore, if it is more researched on the clinical application, then the activity of C.Q.I. will be able to sustain the patient oriented management system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.108-122
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• 1986

Changing concepts of health care, are stimulating the demand for health care, thereby orienting society to health care rights to such an extent that they are deemed as fundamental ones inalienable to man. Concomitantly, qualitative as well as quantative improvement is being sought in the nursing service field. Today, efforts are being made in various areas, especially to qualitatively improve nursing services. A second issue concerns proper staffing. It is important to study staffing, in as much as it continues to be the most persistent and critical problem facing hospital nursing administrators today. It involves quantity, quality, and utilization of nursing personnel. A great deal of attention has been focused on this problem since mid 1930's when nursing services began to be felt as an important segment of hospital operation representing the largest single item of hospital budgets. Traditionally, the determination and allocation of nursing personnel resources has relied heavily on gloval approaches which make use of fixed staff-to-patient ratios. It has long been recognized that these ratios are insensitive to variations between institutions and among individual patients. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to point to the urgent need for the development of methodology and criteria suited to the reality of Korea. The present research selected one place, the W Christian Hospital, and was conducted over a period 10 days from January, and nurses who were them on duty in their unit. The total num-her of patients surveyed was 1,426 and that of 354. The research represents many variables affecting the direct patient care time using the result from the direct observation method, then using a calculation method to estimate the relationship between the patients care time and selected variables in the hospital setting. The amount of direct patient care time varies with many factors, such 89 the patients age. diagnosis and time in hospital. Differences are also found from hospital, clinic to clinic, ward to ward, and even shift to shift. In this research, the calculation method of estimating the required member of nursing staff is obtained by dividing the time of productive patient care activity(with the time of patient care observed), by the sum of the productive time that each the staff can supply, i.e., 360 minutes, which is obtained by deducting the time for personal activities. The results indicate a substantial difference between the time of productive patient care observed directing and the time of the productive patient care estimated using calculating method. If we know accurately the time of the direct patient care on a shift, there required number of staff members calculated if the proper method can be determinded should be able the time of the direct patient care be estimated by the patient classification system, but this research has shown this system to be in accurate in Korea. There are differences in the recommended time of productive patient care and the required number of nursing staff depending upon which method is used. The calculated result is not very accurate, so more research is needed on the patient classification system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2007

Purpose. To identify trends in patient satisfaction adjusted for sociodemographic factors and health status from 1989-2003. Methods. Five repeated cross-sectional surveys were used. The study sample included 290,534 household members 20 years of age and over from the five survey periods of 1989, 1992, 1995, 1999, and 2003. Satisfaction was measured using a five-point scale, ranging from "very satisfied" to "very dissatisfied." Crude satisfaction rates, representing the proportion of patients satisfied (very satisfied or satisfied), were calculated for each survey period. Satisfaction rates adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, and self-rated health status were calculated for each of the five years. Results. Crude satisfaction rates increased from 15.4% in 1989 to 40.5% in 2003. The proportions of satisfaction and dissatisfaction were reversed after 15 years had passed. However, the satisfaction trend was not linear throughout the different years, with 1992 being the year with the lowest satisfaction rate (9.7%). These trends in crude rates did not change even after adjusting for patient characteristics. The odds of satisfaction in 1992 were 38% lower (odds ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.64) than the odds in 1989. In 2003, the odds of satisfaction were 4.01 times (95% CI 3.89 to 4.13) the odds for 1989. Older, female, married, and less-educated people were more likely to be satisfied. Patients who rated their health as 'very good' had the highest satisfaction rate, and those with "neutral" health ratings had the lowest. General hospitals achieved substantial improvement whereas pharmacies became the lowest-rated of all institutions. Conclusions. The Korean health system has achieved better patient satisfaction rates over the past 15 years. Increased health expenditure, resources, and quality improvement efforts may have contributed to this progress.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2017

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been successfully used as a method for the interhospital transportation of critically ill patients. In South Korea, a well-established ECMO interhospital transport system is lacking due to limited resources. We developed a simplified ECMO transport system without mechanical ventilation for use by public emergency medical services. Methods: Eighteen patients utilized our ECMO transport system from December 2011 to September 2015. We retrospectively analyzed the indications for ECMO, the patient status during transport, and the patient outcomes. Results: All transport was conducted on the ground by ambulance. The distances covered ranged from 26 to 408 km (mean, $65.9{\pm}88.1km$) and the average transport time was $56.1{\pm}57.3minutes$ (range, 30 to 280 minutes). All patients were transported without adverse events. After transport, 4 patients (22.2%) underwent lung transplantation because of interstitial lung disease. Eight patients who had severe acute respiratory distress syndrome showed recovery of heart and lung function after ECMO therapy. A total of 13 patients (70.6%) were successfully taken off ECMO, and 11 patients (61.1%) survived. Conclusion: Our ECMO transport system without mechanical ventilation can be considered a safe and useful method for interhospital transport and could be a good alternative option for ECMO transport in Korean hospitals with limited resources.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.397-402
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• 2010

Pork is an excellent source of essential nutrients such as protein. However, pork can trigger hypersensitivity and serum albumin of pork is known as major allergen. In this study, to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation on the allergenicity of porcine serum albumin (PSA), PSA solution was irradiated at 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 kGy. The changes in the ability of PSA to bind IgG and patient's serum caused by gamma irradiation were observed by ci-ELISA and immunoblotting. SDS-PAGE was used for measuring the conformational change of gamma-irradiated PSA. The ability of 3-kGy-irradiated PSA to bind p-IgG and patient's serum was decreased to 30% and 15%, respectively. The binding ability showed no significant differences among all irradiated samples. SDS-PAGE showed that the irradiated PSA bands were degraded and aggregated. Immunoblotting of irradiated PSA revealed that IgG and patient's serum were rarely recognized at 3 kGy. Therefore, gamma irradiation could be applied to less-allergenic pork products.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.354-362
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• 2016

Background: The present study aims at investigating whether and how (1) job demands and job resources are associated with work-to-private-life interference (WLI) and (2) job resources moderate the relationship between job demands and WLI. Methods: Data were collected by a self-report questionnaire from three hospitals in Italy. The sample consisted of 889 health-care workers. Results: All job demands (i.e., quantitative demands, disproportionate patient expectations, and verbal aggression) and job resources (i.e., job autonomy, support from superiors and colleagues, fairness, and organizational support), with the exception of skill discretion, were related to WLI. The effects of quantitative demands on WLI were moderated by support from superiors; fairness and organizational support moderate the effects of all job demands considered. Support from colleagues moderated only verbal aggression. Job autonomy did not buffer any job demands. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the work context has a central importance in relation to the experience of WLI among health-care workers. The results indicated that intervention in the work context may help to contain WLI. Such interventions would especially be aimed at improving the social climate within the unit and quality of the organizational process.