• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2013

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute-phase protein induced by injury, infection, or other inflammatory stimuli. LCN2 binds small hydrophobic ligands and interacts with cell surface receptor to regulate diverse cellular processes. The role of LCN2 as a chemokine inducer in the central nervous system (CNS) has been previously reported. Based on the previous participation of LCN2 in neuroinflammation, we investigated the role of LCN2 in formalin-induced nociception and pathological pain. Formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors (licking/biting) and spinal microglial activation were significantly reduced in the second or late phase of the formalin test in Lcn2 knockout mice. Likewise, antibody-mediated neutralization of spinal LCN2 attenuated the mechanical hypersensitivity induced by peripheral nerve injury in mice. Taken together, our results suggest that LCN2 can be therapeutically targeted, presumably for both prevention and reversal of acute inflammatory pain as well as pathological pain.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2003

Back pains include pain in one or both side costa portion and lateral abdomen. There are different kinds of flank-related disease such as intercostal nerve pain, chronic gastritis, duodenitis, herpes zoster, pepticulcer, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and so on. Back pain arises from pathological abnormal activities. On the other hand psychogenic pains are caused by psychogenic factors without pathological abnormal activities. This is similar to KiWol back pain, which resulted from psychogenic factors like stress, anxiety, anger and etc. In oriental medicine, KiWol is the state of depression of Ki, and Shihosogansan used to treat the back pain diagnosed as stagnation of the liver Ki. So, we decided to apply Shihosogansan to a patient who suffered from back pain diagnosed as stagnation of the liver Ki. Therefore the patient treated with Shihosogansan and improved in consciousness symptoms, so we report it for the better treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2009

Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) is a rare condition of pathological overgrowth of fat tissue in the vertebral canal. SEL leads to back pain, radiculopathy or paraparesis. Glucocorticoids seem to play a major role in the development of SEL. SEL is best diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. The treatment of SEL is directed at reducing the body weight and decreasing the excess glucocorticoid. In severe cases, decompressive laminectomy with removal of the excess epidural fat might become necessary to alleviate the neurological symptoms caused by spinal cord compression.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2009

목적: 견봉하 충돌증후군에서 견봉하 점액낭의 염증과 견봉 모양 및 통증과의 연관성을 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: 견봉하 충돌증후군으로 수술을 시행 한 24예를 대상으로 하였다. 18명은 남자, 6명은 여자였다. 평균 나이는 58.3세(44-71세)였다. 모든 환자는 수술 중 관절경 칼을 사용하여 $1{\times}1cm$크기의 견봉하 점액낭을 채취하여 조직검사를 시행하였다. 견봉 형태에 대한 방사선학적 분류는 Bigliani grading system에 의하여 평편형, 곡선형, 갈고리형으로 분류하였다. 환자의 통증 정도는 VAS(visual analog scale)에 의해 측정하였다. 병리조직학적으로 8가지 병리학적 인자를 사용하여, 점액낭의 염증을 급성 및 만성 분류하였고, 염증의 정도는 field에서 차지하는 비율을 사용하여3단계(mild, moderate, severe)로 분류하였다. 결과: 총 24례 중 병리학적으로 단계 1에 해당하는 증례는 9례, 단계 2는 15례였다. 단계 3에 해당하는 증례는 없었다. 병리학적 단계 1에 해당하는 증례 9례중 방사선학적 분류상 곡선형에 해당하는 경우는 6례, 갈고리형은 3례였다. 또한 병리학적 단계 2에 해당하는 증례 15례 중 방사선학적 분류 곡선형은 5례, 갈고리형은 10례였다. 환자의 견관절 통증 정도는 병리학적 단계 1에서 7점, 단계 2에서 8점이었다. 통계학적 분석 상, 병리학적 단계와 견봉의 형태와는 통계학적 의의가 있었다(p<0.05). 하지만 견관절 통증과는 연관성이 없었다(p>0.05). 결론: 본 연구는 견봉하 충돌증후군에서 견봉하 점액낭의 염증 정도와 견봉의 형태와는 연관성이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 하지만 점액낭의 염증 정도와 환자의 통증과는 연관성이 없었다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.18-21
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• 2024

Orofacial pain has various causes, making it challenging to differentiate from dental-related diseases based solely on symptoms. Toothache, usually attributed to pathological changes in the pulp and periodontal tissue, is the most common cause of orofacial pain and relatively easy to diagnose. However, distinguishing orofacial pain and nonodontogenic toothache due to myofascial, neuropathic, neurovascular, paranasal sinus and cardiac originating, and psychogenic pain presents diagnostic challenges that may result in incorrect treatment. Therefore, dentists must recognize that orofacial pain can arise from not only dental issues but also other causes. This case report explores the necessary considerations in diagnosing orofacial pain and nonodontogenic toothache by examining the diagnoses of patients presenting at the dental hospital with orofacial pain and nonodontogenic toothache of cardiac origin.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2013

Objectives In this study, the Sasang Constitutional diagnosis were carried out to Vietnamese subject living in Vietnam, and the external applicability of Sasang Constitutional Medicine was evaluated by analyzing the physiological symptoms and the pathological symptoms according to their constitutions. Methods Total 170 Vietnamese subjects who live in Hanoi were invited from Sep. 2012 to Jun. 2013 for the research, and subjects were diagnosed by 2 Sasang Constitution Medicine specialists. The collected data were analyzed in terms of the physiological symptoms and the pathological symptoms according to the Sasang Constitutions. Results There were significantly different in the physiological symptoms according to Sasang Constitutions, which were 'digest', 'perspiration', 'excrement', 'hot and cold', 'water' and in the pathological symptoms, which were 'sting pain in head' in Soyangin, 'back pain' in Soeumin, 'chest discomfort' in Taeeumin, 'skin discomfort' in Taeeumin, 'fatigue in the afternoon' in Soyangin, 'digestion' in Soeumin. Conclusions The Sasang Constitution Medicine which is a Korean traditional medicine is also applicable to foreign countries, and it can contribute to the health promotion.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2023

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major complication of liver transplantation, trauma, and shock. This pathological condition can lead to graft dysfunction and rejection in the field of liver transplantation and clinical hepatic dysfunction with increased mortality. Although the pathological mechanisms of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury are very complex, and several intermediators and cells are involved in this phenomenon, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are the key processes that aggravate hepatic injury. This review summarizes the current understanding of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and, in that respect, addresses the therapeutic approaches to attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.241-245
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• 2015

A majority of patients who sustain injuries to the peripheral sensory nerves of the face and jaws experience a slow but gradual return of sensation that is functional and tolerable, if not the same as before the injuries. However, long-term effects of such injuries are aggravating for many patients, and a few patients experience significant suffering. In some of these patients, posttraumatic symptoms become pathological and are painful. The predominant painful components are (1) numbing anesthesia dolorosa pain, (2) triggered neuralgiaform pain, (3) burning and aching causalgiaform pain, and (4) phantom pain. This is a case report of conservative management of traumatic neuralgia and neuritis as part of posttraumatic pain syndromes in geriatric patients who have undergone the teeth extraction and alveoloplasty.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2013

Extracellular acidification occurs not only in pathological conditions such as inflammation and brain ischemia, but also in normal physiological conditions such as synaptic transmission. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) can detect a broad range of physiological pH changes during pathological and synaptic cellular activities. ASICs are voltage-independent, proton-gated cation channels widely expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system. Activation of ASICs is involved in pain perception, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, fear, ischemic neuronal injury, seizure termination, neuronal degeneration, and mechanosensation. Therefore, ASICs emerge as potential therapeutic targets for manipulating pain and neurological diseases. The activity of these channels can be regulated by many factors such as lactate, $Zn^{2+}$, and Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide (FMRFamide)-like neuropeptides by interacting with the channel's large extracellular loop. ASICs are also modulated by G protein-coupled receptors such as CB1 cannabinoid receptors and 5-$HT_2$. This review focuses on the physiological roles of ASICs and the molecular mechanisms by which these channels are regulated.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.92-95
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• 1992

Coccygodynia is severe burning pain around the coccyx and idiopathic coccygodynia refers to the forms of coccygeal pain that are not associated with well defined pathological conditions, such as recent fractures, dislocation, infectious diseases, or tumors of the coccyx. We experienced a case of coccygodynia in which patient had suffered from intermittent severe pain around the coccyx for nine years without a well defined cause. So coccygeal nerve block and low caudal blocks were performed with local anesthetics and steroid and the pain was controlled effectively.