• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4187-4192
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• 2014

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are important proteases involved in invasion and metastasis of various tumors. Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are rare neoplasms. This study was performed to assess MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in EGIST tissue samples for association with clinicopathological data from the patients. Twenty-one surgical EGIST tissue specimens were collected for analysis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression using immunohistochemistry. MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins were expressed in all of the epithelial cell types of EGISTs, whereas they were only expressed in 75% of the spindle cell type, although there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins was associated with tumor size, mitotic rate, tumor necrosis, and distant metastasis (p<0.05). MMP-2 expression was linked with MMP-9 levels (p<0.05). However, there was no correlation between MMP-9 expression and age, sex, primary site, or cell morphology in any of these 21 EGIST patients (p>0.05). Moreover, expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins increased with the degree of EGIST risk. This study provided evidence of an association of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression with advanced EGIST behavior.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.176-182
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• 2023

Since the introduction of low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for patients at high risk of lung cancer, the detection rate of suspicious lung cancer has increased. In addition, there have been many advances in therapeutics targeting oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer. Therefore, accurate pathological diagnosis of lung cancer, including molecular diagnosis, is increasingly important. This review examines the problems in the pathological diagnosis of suspected lung cancer. For successful pathological diagnosis of lung cancer, clinicians should determine the appropriate modality of the diagnostic procedure, considering individual patient characteristics, CT findings, and the possibility of complications. Furthermore, clinicians should make efforts to obtain a sufficient amount of tissue sample using non- or less-invasive procedures for pathological diagnosis and biomarker analysis.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 1998

In this paper a method to diagnose pathological voices using wavelet transform is sug gested. Pathological voices are collected from hospital and analyzed by the suggested method. Normal voices are collected separately and analyzed. Then the results are compared to find the differences in their characteristics. Three level wavelet transform is used. Normalized energy ratios between the levels and normalized peak-to-peak values are used as parameters. As a result, it was possible to distinguish between normal and pathological voices.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1047-1049
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• 2015

Background: This systematic analysis was conducted to investigate pathological diagnosis of vertebral tumor metastasis with unknown primaries. Methods: Clinical studies conducted to pathologically investigate vertebral tumor metastasis were identified using a predefined search strategy. Pooled diagnosis (PD) of each pathological confirmation was calculated. Results: For vertebral tumor metastasis, 5 clinical studies which included 762 patients were considered eligible for inclusion. Systematic analysis suggested that, for all patients with vertebral tumor metastasis, dominant PD was pathologically confirmed with lung cancer in 21.7% (165/762), with breast cancer in 26.6% (203/762) and with prostate cancer in 19.2% (146/762). Other diagnosis that could be confirmed included lymphoma, multiple myeloma, renal cancer, for example, in this cohort of patients. Conclusions: This systemic analysis suggested that breast, lung and prostate lesions could be the most common pathological types of cancer for vertebral tumor metastasis formunknown primaries, and other common diagnoses could include lymphoma, multiple myeloma, renal cancer.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.151-165
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• 1999

This paper describes a series of researches to diagnose vocal diseases using the statistical method and the acoustic signal analysis method. Speech materials are collected at the hospital. Using the pathological database, the basic parameters for the diagnosis are obtained. Based on the statistical characteristics of the parameters, valid parameters are chosen and those are used to diagnose the pathological speech signal. Cepstrum is used to extract parameters which represents characteristics of pathological speech. 3 layered neural network is used to train and classify pathological speech into normal, benign and malignant case.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.554-561
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• 2005

The clinical and radiographic findings of lung cancer have been well established many journals. Even if the radiographic findings of lung cancer show a typical pattern, the specific cell type of lung cancer sometimes needs to be determined prior to a pathological diagnosis. For example, the usual finding of a squamous cell carcinoma is similar to other cancer types such as an adenocarcinoma or a small cell carcinoma but with a lower incidence. Therefore, it should not be used to make a diagnosis of the cell type prior to a pathological diagnosis. Many unusual findings of lung cancer, so called atypical pattern have been reported, but atypical findings are widely accepted. The more important thing is not to diagnose a specific cell type of cancer but to differentiate it from other benign conditions such as tuberculosis, fungal infections or organizing pneumonia. This paper presents typical information of the cell type of lung cancer along with the atypical radiographic findings.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2019

Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) can affect all compartments of the lungs, including airways, alveoli, interstitium, vessels, and pleura. CTD-associated lung diseases (CTD-LDs) may present as diffuse lung disease or as focal lesions, and there is significant heterogeneity between the individual CTDs in their clinical and pathological manifestations. CTD-LDs may presage the clinical diagnosis a primary CTD, or it may develop in the context of an established CTD diagnosis. CTD-LDs reveal acute, chronic or mixed pattern of lung and pleural manifestations. Histopathological findings of diverse morphological changes can be present in CTD-LDs airway lesions (chronic bronchitis/bronchiolitis, follicular bronchiolitis, etc.), interstitial lung diseases (nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis, usual interstitial pneumonia, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, and organizing pneumonia), pleural changes (acute fibrinous or chronic fibrous pleuritis), and vascular changes (vasculitis, capillaritis, pulmonary hemorrhage, etc.). CTD patients can be exposed to various infectious diseases when taking immunosuppressive drugs. Histopathological patterns of CTD-LDs are generally nonspecific, and other diseases that can cause similar lesions in the lungs must be considered before the diagnosis of CTD-LDs. A multidisciplinary team involving pathologists, clinicians, and radiologists can adequately make a proper diagnosis of CTD-LDs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2013

In order to establish the diagnostic indices of skin diseases, some physiological and pathological concepts of interstices(腠理) were researched based on , and western dermatology with etymological analysis. As physiological indices for diagnosis of skin diseases, measurement of epidermis and dermis using ultrasonogram in the zhongwan and dachui's location. And for grading looseness and fineness of interstices with 3 unsound groups, measuring numbers and sizes of sweat pores in each point's 1 cm diameter circular area using comparative method and palpation assessment. Another index is superficial temperature. As pathological indices for diagnosis, validating volumes of dead skin cells and grading degrees of atrophy and degeneration of skin lesion. And as supplementary measures, absorptive degrees of cosmetics on face should be recorded according to 3 grades. These diagnostic indices can contribute to establishment of standard pattern identification and prescription of skin diseases through converting anatomical cognizance into classical concepts of interstices objectively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2020

The disease concept of interstitial lung disease with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at its core has been relied on for many years depending on morphological classification. The separation of non-specific interstitial pneumonia with a relatively good prognosis from usual interstitial pneumonia is also based on the perception that morphology enables predict the prognosis. Beginning with dust-exposed lungs, initially, interstitial pneumonia is classified by anatomical pathology. Diagnostic imaging has dramatically improved the diagnostic technology for surviving patients through the introduction of high-resolution computed tomography scan. And now, with the introduction of therapeutics, the direction of diagnosis is turning. It can be broadly classified into to make known the importance of early diagnosis, and to understand the importance of predicting the speed of progression/deterioration of pathological conditions. For this reason, the insight of "early lesions" has been discussed. There are reports that the presence or absence of interstitial lung abnormalities affects the prognosis. Searching for a biomarker is another prognostic indicator search. However, as is the case with many chronic diseases, pathological conditions that progress linearly are extremely rare. Rather, it progresses while changing in response to environmental factors. In interstitial lung disease, deterioration of respiratory functions most closely reflect prognosis. Treatment is determined by combining dynamic indicators as faithful indicators of restrictive impairments. Reconsidering the history being classified under the disease concept, the need to reorganize treatment targets based on common pathological phenotype is under discussed. What is the disease concept? That aspect changes with the discussion of improving prognosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.42-62
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• 2011

Objective: This study was designed to identify and explore the pathological patterns of functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. We also evaluated the usefulness of the Pattern Identification Questionnaire by comparing it with other assessment tools for FD. Methods: We recruited 97 FD patients based on the Rome III criteria for FD diagnosis. The pathological patterns of the subjects were determined by the Pattern Identification Questionnaire. Their dyspepsia-related symptoms were assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (GIS) and the Pyeongwi-san (Pingwei-san) Patternization Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and quality of life with the Functional Dyspepsia-Related Quality of Life (FD-QoL) Questionnaire. Tongue coating was measured by the Digital Tongue Diagnosis System (DTDS). Results: The male to female ratio was 1:1.1, and the forties and fifties age groups were largest in number. The spleen deficiency and phlegm-dampness pattern was the most common pattern found among the FD patients. No significant differences in the GIS, BDI, FD-QoL, and DTDS scores were found among the five pattern types. All pattern types showed significant correlation with GIS, Pyeongwi-san Patternization Questionnaire, and FD-QoL scores. Conclusions: Pattern Identification Questionnaire can not only identify the pathological pattern types of FD patients but also evaluate the severity of their symptoms. Compared to conventional assessment tools for FD, it could enable a more dynamic evaluation of FD patients reflecting the severity of dyspeptic symptoms and the quality of life. Further studies on the Pattern Identification of FD patients are anticipated in order to improve the diagnosis and therapy for Korean FD patients.