• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2020

We evaluated the effect of anti-obesitic activity of MYE (mulberry leaf + Yacon tuber) extracted from Morus alba as muberry leaf and Smallanthus sonchifolia as yacon. 1%, 3%, or 5% of MYE were treated to Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a high-fat diet. MYE treated rats were suppressed weight during four weeks, and they lost weight significantly after six weeks. Common blood chemistry panels related to liver function revealed significant improvement in the MYE-treated groups. The expression of leptin as indicators for obesity was decreased in perirenal fat. Such results indicate that MYE could be a promising candidate for the improvement of obesity. In addition, MYE effected on deceased glucose metabolism, reducing the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and glucokinase related to glycogen synthesis. The fatty liver was observed in high-fat diet-treated rats, resulting from increased number of adipose cells and Ito cells. However, this pathologic change was significantly improved by administration of MYE. MYE have significant effects on antioxdative function and glycometabolism against high fat diet. Thereby, it seems that MYE prevent fatty liver by high-fat diet. Thus it is suggested that MYE would be worth being developed as an biofunctional food to prevent undesirable effects caused by obesity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.345-352
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• 1994

We have performed left lung transplantation followed by ligation of right pulmonary artery in 14 dogs at the Chest Disease Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine from May 1992 to February 1994. Excised left lung was perfused with 1500cc of 4$^{\circ}$C cold Euro-Collin`s[E-C] solution at a pressure of 30cmH2O through main pulmonary artery and preserved in 4$^{\circ}$C cold E-C solution for one hour. Left lung transplantation were proceeded in order of left atrium, left main bronchus, left pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery ligation as usual method. The femoral artery and pulmonary artery pressures were monitored for more than 5 hours after the transplantations in 14 dogs. Six recipient dogs had elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure to greater than 30mmHg after the left lung transplantation and ligation of right pulmonary artery. The cause of elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure was due to inadequate preservation resulting in ischemic damage to donor lungs in 3 cases, and inadequate surgical techniques in 3 cases. Two recipient dogs without surgical complications died immediate post-operatively due to hemorrhagic shock. The bleeding focuses were LA anastomotic site in one case and femoral artery puncture site in another case. The remaining 6 recipient dogs showed mean pulmonary arterial pressure less than 30mmHg. However, one dog had spontaneous pneumothorax in post-operative 4 days, and another dog had rejection phenomenon in post-operative 5 days which was confirmed by pathologic findings of extracted transplanted lung. One dog succumbed of severe hemoptysis which was due to lung abscess with pin point stenosis of bronchial anastomosis in post-operative 38 days. In conclusion, elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 30mmHg in immediate postoperative period can be due to inadequate preservation of extracted lung or poor surgical techniques. And the two dogs succumbed of hemorrhagic shock even though the mean pulmonary arterial pressure was less than 30mmHg. It is thought that careful preservation of the extracted donor lung in 4oC E-C solution and complete surgical techniques are the most important factors early and late complications.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1986

방사선에 의한 척수의 손상은 매우 드물기는 하나 치명적인 불가역성의 손상을 일으킬 수 있는, 치료방사선 분야에서 가장 심각한 합병증의 하나이다. 동물실험 및 임상보고를 통하여 많은 연구가 있었음에도 실제의 임상에서와 같은 조사방법을 사용한 계통적인 보고는 거의 없는 실정이다. 이에 저자는 전 조사량에 대한 초기의 급성 변화를 병리조직학적으로 관찰 분석하여 불가역성의 척수손상이 올 수 있는 최저선량을 추정하기 위하여 250KV의 X선 치료기를 사용하여 총 110마리의 마우스를 $2\times3cm$의 조사야로 고식적 분할조사를 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 경한 모세혈관의 울혈, 염증성 세포의 부분적 침윤과 함께 축색돌기의 부종이 1,000 rad 군에서 관찰되기 시작하였다. 백질의 스폰지 변성은 2,000 rad 군에서 보이기 시작하였다. 연막과 지주막의 부분적 비후는 3,000rad 군에서 관찰되었다. 국소 괴사는 3,500rad군에서 관찰되기 시작하였고 신경조직의 단열과 신경원의 국소 손실은 4,000 rad군에서 관찰되기 시작하였다. 이제까지 용인되어온 척수의 내성선량인 5,000 rad/5wk.는 완전히 안전하지는 못하다고 생각되나 이는 만성 변화에 대한 추적실험을 통하여 확인되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.370-374
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• 2005

Objective: We investigated the morphologic changes within 24 hours after a single ${\gamma}$-irradiation in the rat brain. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were used. After a burr hole trephination on right parietal area, cerebral hemisphere was irradiated with 2Gy and 5Gy using iridium-192($^{192}Ir$), respectively. The effect was assessed at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after irradiation. The histological changes were scored following the detection of edema or disarray severity. TUNEL-positive cells exhibiting apoptotic morphology were counted in irradiated region. Results: Cortical edema and disarray were initially showed at 4 or 8 hour and almost all defined at 24 hour after irradiation. And the injury was wedge shape. TUNEL-positive cells were minimal at 8 hour after irradiation as the number of positive cells were $2.6{\pm}5.27$(n=5) after 2Gy, and $0.8{\pm}0.84$(n=5) after 5Gy. But, the number of apoptotic cells were increased markedly to $60{\pm}6.24$ at 12 hour after 2Gy and to $104{\pm}19.7$ at 24 hour after 5Gy. Conclusion: There were prominent morphologic changes immediately after ${\gamma}$-irradiation. And, apoptosis was increased according to the time period. These findings implicate that brain irradiation induces rapid apoptotic change, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced pathologic conditions.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1995

광선치료는 신생아 황달의 효과적인 치료방법이나 광선에 의한 망막손상을 예방하기 위해 양안에 적절한 차폐를 실시하여야 한다. 광선치료후 급성기의 망막 손상정도와 차폐의 역할을 조사하기 위하여, 저자들은 토끼를 이용하여 광선치료시간, 조사방법, 차폐 유무 등을 변화 시키면서 광선치료를 실시하고 즉시, 간접검안경을 이용한 안저검사와 전자현미경 검사를 실시하여 광선치료후 수시간에서 수일후에 검사한 보고들과 비교 하였다. 모든 실험 토끼에서 안저검사상 정상소견을 나타 내었으나, 전자 현미경 검사상 12시간 이상 조사한 모든 실험군에서 광수용체 부종 및 망막내층의 부종 및 팽윤이 있었으나 광선치료후 수일이 경과한 후 검사하였던 경우에서 볼 수 있었던 광수용체 배열의 변화, 광수용체 내외절의 파괴, microvilli의 확장및 유착 등의 소견은 볼 수 없었고, 노출시간이 증가 할수록 손상의 정도가 심해졌으며, 광선 조사량이 같은 경우 간헐적인 방법으로 조사를 실시한 경우에서 망막손상이 심한 것으로 나타났다. 산동시킨 경우에서, 손상의 정도는 산동시키지 않은 경우와 비슷 하였으나 손상의 범위가 더 넓게 관찰 되었으며 차폐를 실시한 경우 망막손상을 예방할 수 있었다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2021

Background: Patients with secondary deformities associated with unilateral cleft lip and nose might also suffer from nostril stenosis due to a lack of tissue volume in the nostril on the cleft side. Here, we used full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) to reduce nostril stenosis and various methods for skin volume augmentation. We compared the changes in the symmetry of both nostrils before and after surgery. Methods: From February 2016 to January 2020, 34 patients underwent secondary cheiloplasty and open rhinoplasty for secondary deformities of the unilateral cleft lip and nose with nostril stenosis. FTSG was used on the nostril floor, nasal columella, and alar inner lining. The measured nasal profile included the nostril surface, nostril circumference, width of the nostril floor, and distance from the alar-facial groove to the nasal tip. The "overlap area," which was defined as the largest overlapping area when the image of the cleft nostril was flipped to the left and right and overlaid on the image of the normal side nostril, was also calculated. The degree of symmetry was evaluated by dividing the value of the cleft side by that of the normal side of each measured profile and expressed as "ratios." Results: The results of all profile ratios, except for the nostril floor width, became significantly close to 1, which represents full symmetry. The overlap area ratio improved from 62.7% to 77.3%, meaning that the length and width of the nostril as well as the overall shape became similar (p< 0.05). Conclusion: When performing cleft rhinoplasty with nostril stenosis, FTSG is useful to achieve symmetry in the nostril size and shape. Skin grafting is simpler to perform than the other types of local flap, and the results are generally satisfactory.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.505-519
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• 2024

MRI는 골수의 평가에 있어 가장 예민도가 높은 검사로서 골수 질환의 진단에 있어 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나, 소아 영상을 자주 접하지 않는 영상의학과 의사들에게는 종종 정상 골수와 병적 골수의 구분이 어려울 수 있고, 소아의 흔한 악성질환인 백혈병이나 신경모세포종의 전이 등 골수를 침범하는 질환들이 임상적으로 다양한 근골격계 증상으로 발현하여 근골격 MRI 검사를 통해 진단되기도 한다. 소아에서 시행되는 MRI를 정확하게 판독하려면 골수의 정상 구성 성분에 대한 이해뿐만 아니라 나이에 따른 골수의 변화(age-related developmental change)와 소아에서 흔하게 골수를 침범하는 질환들에 대한 이해가 중요하다. 본 종설에서는 정상 골수의 구성과 소아 골수의 정상 및 비정상 MRI 소견을 기술하고 백혈병, 신경모세포종의 전이 등의 악성 골수 질환을 중심으로 임상 증례들을 고찰하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1263-1270
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• 2001

Objective : To analyze the radiosurgical results of intracranial meningiomas after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) and to assess the possible factors related to the outcome and complications in treating meningiomas. Patients and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological data in 179 patients(194 lesions) treated with GKS for intracranial meningiomas between May 1992 and October 2000. Radiosurgical responses were categorized as shrinkage, stasis and enlargement, and we defined the shrunken and static group as a radio-logical control. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the correlation between the radiosurgical outcomes and various factors such as location and size of tumor, age and gender of patients, relation to venous sinus, pre-GKS degree of edema, treatment modality, radiosurgical parameters, and pathologic findings. Results : Patients were grouped into skull base meningiomas(57.7%), non-skull base tumor including convexity, parasagittal, and falx meningiomas(37.1%), and others(5.2%) according to the location of tumors. The mean maximum dose and the margin dose of tumor was 30.0Gy(19-45Gy) and 15.1Gy(9.5-24.5Gy), respectively. The mean volume of the tumors was 9.4cc(0.003-45.0cc). The radiologic control rate was 97.1%. The radiation induced imaging change with or without neurologic deficit was the most common complication(23.6%). There were seen mostly in convexity, parasagittal, and falx meningiomas which were deeply embedded in cortex. Conclusion : GKS for intracranial meningioma seems to be safe and effective treatments. However, GKS should be considered very cautiously in non-skull base tumor such as convexity, parasagittal, or falx meningiomas with regards to patient's age and general condition, size and location of tumor, pattern of embedding into cortex, presenting symptoms and patient's preference.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.127-142
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate fatty liver in Korean black goats. Adult female goats were divided into 3 test groups(A, B and C). Group A and B of goats each received 3 test consecutive daily doses of DL-ethionine at 75mg/kg and 150mg/kg body weight, respectively. Group C of goats was given 3 consecutive doses of the compound every 48 hours at 150mg/kg body weight. The clinical symptoms, hematological values, serum chemical values and histopathological study of the liver were investigated in the test animals. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. Fatty liver were observed in every test animal. 2. Some clinical symptoms( anorexia, depression) were appeared from 1st day to 7th day after administration of the compound in every test animal. In addition to these symptoms, diarrhea and salivation were generally observed in test animals which were given the compound at 150mg/kg body weight. The degree of these symptoms was dose dependent. 3. There was no significant variations in total WBC counts and fibrinogen values in the blood of test goats. The PCV values were significantly increased on 5th day of dosing in group A and B of goats. 4. The total lipid value was not changed but the concentration of NEFA was significantly increased on 3rd day of dosing with the compound and returned to normal value after 10 days hereafter. The value of triglycerides was significantly increased on 1st day and returned to normal value on 3rd day of dosing. The value of cholesterol was significantly decreased on 3rd day and returned to normal value on 10th day after treatment. 5. Total protein level was decreased on 10th day of dosing in the groups of B and C, and billirubin level was significantly increased on 7th day of dosing in every test group and returned to normal level after 13th day of administration. 6. The activity of GGT in serum was not changed while the activities of SDH and AST were significantly increased in every test goat and those values were returned to normal after 10~13th day of trestment. 7 The 35K-protein fraction in serum was not detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but this protein fraction was detected by the same method after treating the 21st and 22nd fraction which were obtained by column chromatography with Sephadex G-100. 8. The affected liver was congested and swollen on 3rd day, and yellowish brown in color and mottled appearance on 7th day of treatment. Histopathologically, fat droplets were common in the hepatocytes, this change was intensive on 7th day after treatment in group B and C. Hepatic cell necrosis was observed in some livers but this pathological change was disappeared and returned to normal after 13 days of treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2001

Background: This study was undertaken to observe the functional changes of the hind limb and histopathological changes in the sciatic nerve after an injection of alcohol or phenol, which are commonly used neurolytic agents, highlighting the time of recovery. Methods: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-300 g were used for the experiment. Histopathological changes under the electron microscope, were observed in the distal part of the sciatic nerve, into which 0.1 ml of alcohol or phenol was injected. This was severed in 3 rats of each group at 10 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours, 3 days, 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks later. The functional changes in the hind limbs were observed for 6 weeks by noting their walking pattern. Results: Following the injection of alcohol or phenol into the right sciatic nerve, the right hind limb showed a severe pronounced motor weakness and obvious gait changes. About 2 weeks later, gradual improvement of gait changes began, and after 6 weeks, the motor weakness and gait changes were no longer perceptible in both groups. The findings of any histopathological change were similar in both alcohol or phenol groups. At 10 minutes after injection, destructive lesions were confined to the unmyelinated fibers and the myelin sheath of small the myelinated fibers. On the 3rd day and at 1 week, pathologic changes in axonal fibers and Schwann cells were in being phagocytized in spite of myelin restitution. From 2 to 4 weeks, axonal regeneration and remyelination appeared at the same time a myelin disintegration and axonolysis. At 6 weeks, neural regeneration was similar to that of the contralateral control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that functional and histopathological changes, after injection of neurolytics into the peripheral nerves, are quite similar in both alcohol and phenol groups. The progression of functional and histopathological changes become more obvious according to the time interval following the injection. Consequently, side effects that develop following the use of alcohol or phenol may begin to improve around the time that nerve regeneration occurs, i.e., two to four weeks later.