• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2021

In the search for antibiotic alternatives from safe and effective medicinal plants against fish pathogenic bacteria, we found that a combined extract (CE) of 1:1 (w/w) ratio of Angelica gigas Nakai roots and aerial parts of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura showed antibacterial activity against the fish pathogenic bacteria. By antibacterial activity-guided fractionations and isolations, five compounds were isolated and identified as decursinol angelate (1), decursin (2), xanthotoxin (3), demethylsuberosin (4), and 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyacetophenone (5) through spectroscopic analyses, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Among the compounds, 1 and 2 showed the highest antibacterial activities against Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio anguillarum, showing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 62.5-250 ㎍/mL. Compounds 3, 4, and 5 were also found to be active, with MICs of 31.25-1,000 ㎍/mL for those strains. Furthermore, active compounds, 1 and 2 in CE were simultaneously quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem MS (HPLC-MS/MS). The average contents of 1 and 2 in CE was 3.68% and 6.14%, respectively. The established method showed reliable linearity (r² > 0.99), good precision, accuracy, and specificity with intra- and inter-day variations of < 2 % and recoveries of 90.13%-108.57%. These results may be helpful for establishing the chemical profile of CE for its commercialization as an antibiotic alternative in aquaculture.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.207-224
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• 2011

Diseases caused by plant pathogenic bacteria constitute an emerging threat to global food security. Xanthomonas is a large genus of Gram-negative bacteria that cause disease in several host plants leading to considerable losses in productivity and quality of harvests. Despite the ranges of controlling techniques available, the microbiological safety of economically important crops and crop plants including fruits and vegetables continues to be a major concern to the agriculture industry. On the other hand, many of the currently available antimicrobial agents for agriculture are highly toxic, non-biodegradable and cause extended environmental pollution. Besides, the use of antibiotics has provoked an increased resistance among the bacterial pathogens and their pathovars. Thus, novel efficient and safe remedies for controlling plant bacterial diseases are necessary. There has been an increasing interest worldwide on therapeutic values of natural products such as essential oils, hence the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the published data on the antibacterial efficacy of essential oils that could be considered suitable for application in agriculture as biocontrol measures against plant pathogenic bacteria of Xanthomonas species. The current knowledge on the use of essential oils to control Xanthomonas bacteria in vitro and in vivo models has been discussed. A brief description on the legal aspects on the use of essential oils against bacterial pathogens has also been presented. Through this review, a mode of antibacterial action of essential oils along with their chemical nature and the area for future research have been thoroughly discussed.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

Emerging of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is now a very serious problem in the clinics to treat the diseases, which have been easy to cure by antibiotic treatments before. Unfortunately, antibiotics developed till now are not effective any more against the resistant bacteria. Lots of efforts to discover new antibiotics having novel and unique structures and functions are really urgent and undergoing in the whole world. In this study, we tried to screen and isolate Same unique bacterial strains producing antibacterial substances from the sea water, which is the poor environment for bacteria 10 make their growing. Three bacterial strains among 916 strains isolated showed inhibition clear zone on the marine agar plate growing pathogenic bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii, Edwardsiella tarda, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica. One of them, which was identified as Bacillus sp. DH-9 from 16S rRNA gene analysis, showed especially considerable antibacterial activity against S. aureus which is notorious for methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The growth of S. aureus was totally inhibited when the supernatant of Bacillus sp. DH-9 culture was treated on.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2003

이산화염소($ClO_2$) 처리에 의한 어병 세균의 살균 효과를 조사하기 위하여 감염어 유래 분리주인 Vibrio anguillarum, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus sp. 및 Streptococcus sp.를 대상으로$ClO_2$유효 농도 0.455, 0.246 및 0.129 ppm에 30초, 1분, 3분, 5분 및 10분간 처리하여 ClO$_2$의 살균효과를 조사하였다. V. anguillarum과 E. tarda는 ClO$_2$ 0.246 ppm에서, 30초 이 상의 처리에 의하여 세균의 증식이 완전히 저해되었다. 그러나 상대적으로 저농도인 0.129 ppm에서는 5분 이상의 염소처리 조건이 필요하였다. Streptococcus sp.는 실험에 사용된 어병 세균 중 $ClO_2$의 살균능이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 0.455 ppm에서 Streptococcus sp.는 30초 반응 후 그 증식이 완전히 저해되었고, 0.246 ppm과 0.129 ppm의 ClO$_2$에서는 각각 배양 3시간, 8시간 이후부터 그 생잔에 의한 증식이 확인되어졌다. Streptococcus sp.는 본 실험에서 설정한 최저농도인 0.129 ppm 에 30초간의 반응으로 균이 사멸됨으로서 실험에 사용된 세균 중 ClO$_2$에 가장 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 Streptococcus sp. 는 0.455 ppm, V. anguillarum과 E. tarda는 0.246 ppm, Streptococcus sp. 는 0.129 ppm의$ClO_2$농도로 30초 전후로 처리하는 조건이 가장 효과적임을 본 연구를 통해 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2007

Artemisia capillaris THUNB is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Compositae spp and the most common plant among the various herbal folk remedies used in treatment of abdominal pain, hepatitis, chronic liver disease, jaundice and coughing in Korea. In this study, antimicrobial effects of Artemisia capillaris extracts on the food poisoning bacteria were investigated for further clinical application, which is an alternative for the use of antibiotics and their unexpected resistance. Artemisia capillaris extract using ethyl acetate showed the highest antimicrobial effects on S. enteritidis, E. coli O157 : H7, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. The chloroform extract showed strong effects on all kinds of bacteria; whereas ethanol and methanol extracts showed weaker effects. Finally, ether and water extracts showed the weakest effects under the same conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate extract was 1 mg/mL for E. coli O157 : H7 and L. monocytogenes, and 2 mg/mL for S. enteritidis and S. aureus. The inhibitory effects on all the bacteria continued for 12 hours after incubation using 20 mg/mL and 30 mg/mL of ethyl acetate extract. The inhibitory effects continued maximally for 72 hours. The results of these studies indicate Artemisia capillaris extract exhibited excellent antimicrobial and inhibitory effects on the food poisoning pathogenic bacteria; S. enteritidis, E. coli O157 : H7, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus.

• 식물병연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.130-133
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• 2009

Nano-silver 용액의 식물병원성 세균에 대한 항균 활성 검정을 하기 위해 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis를 포함한 10가지 균주를 대상으로 실험을 수행 하였다. Nano-silver용액은 바이오 (주)플러스에서 제공된 WA-CV-WA13B, WA-AT-WB13R과 WA-PR-WB13R용액을 사용하였으며, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm 농도로 nano-silver 용액을 배지에 첨가하여 nano-silver 배지를 제조한 후 실험대상 세균 균주를 72 h 배양 후 생장억제 정도를 관찰하기 위하여 세균의 colony 수를 세었다. 실험 결과, WA-CV-WA13B 용액의 경우 C-1에 대하여 10 ppm에서도 높은 생장 억제 효과를 나타냈고, P-6, X-1, 그리고 X-2에 대해서도 생장억제 효과를 나타냈고, WA-AT-WB13R용액의 경우 10 ppm의 농도에서 P-6에 대하여 살균효과가 나타났다. 10 ppm의 농도에서는 C-1, X-1, 그리고 X-2에 대해서 약간의 생장억제 효과가 관찰 되었다. WA-PR-WB13R용액의 경우 10 ppm 혹은 그이상의 농도가 P-5, P-6, 그리고 X-2 균주에 대하여 살균효과를 나타내었다. 실험에 사용된 3가지 nano-silver 용액 모두 25 ppm 이상에서 모든 실험대상 식물병원성 세균에 대하여 살균효과를 나타내었으며, 이러한 결과는 nano-silver 용액을 식물병원성 세균의 방제제로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주는 결과라고 판된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.154-158
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• 2013

The unnatural dead body refers to a corpse which is suspicious of unusual death and the dead case has been occurred more than 20 thousands times every year during the recent five years and most of them are found decayed. Police Scientific Investigators investigate unnatural dead bodies and its surroundings in all-around way and determine whether the death is involved with a crime, and most of the Scientific Investigators are exposed to a danger to get infected with pathogenic bacteria which are generated during the decaying process of dead body and are mostly to cause serious injuries on human beings. In line with the fact, the present study conducted a bacterial analysis by collecting excretions from 60 dead bodies and culturing the bacteria to evaluate infection risk of the police agents. The study cultured bacteria from 60 bodies and classified pathogenic bacteria of 108 strains, and its main bacteria are found to be them (; Acinetobacter baumannii 20 strains (19%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 19 strains (18%), E. coli 18 strains (17%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 11 strains (10%), Proteus mirabillis 10 strains (9%), Enterococcus faecium 10 strains (9%), Staphylococcus aureus 9 strains (8%), Bacillus spp. 5 strains (5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 3 strains (3%), Candida albicans 2 strains (2%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1 strains (1%)). The study results are expected to be used as educational data for preventing the Police Scientific Investigator from infections with bacteria or as a minimum data for improving work environment of the agents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1060-1067
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of reservoirs on water quality and the distribution of pathogenic and indicator bacteria in a drinking water distribution system (total length 14km). Raw water, disinfected water, and water samples from the distribution system were subjected to physicochemical and microbiological analyses. Most factors encountered at each season included residual chloride, nitrate, turbidity, and phosphorus for heterotrophic bacterial distribution, and hardness, heterotrophic bacteria, sampling site, and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) for bacteria on selective media. No Salmonella or Shigella spp. were detected, but many colonies of opportunistic pathogens were found. Comparing tap water samples taken at similar distances from the water treatment plant, samples that had passed through a reservoir had a higher concentration of heterotrophic bacteria, and a higher rate of colony formation with 10 times as many bacteria on selective media. Based on the results with m-Endo agar, the water in reservoirs appeared safe; however, coliforms and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified on other selective media. This study illustrates that storage reservoirs in the drinking water distribution system have low microbiological water quality by opportunistic pathogens, and therefore, water quality must be controlled.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.82-92
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• 2021

Purpose: It has been reported that the diversity and abundance of microbes in the vagina decrease due to the use of antimicrobial agents, and the high recurrence rate of female vaginitis due to this suggests that a new treatment is needed. Methods: In the experiment, we detected that 10% potassium sorbate solution, 1% eucalyptus oil solution, 1% tea tree oil solution, 400 µL/10 mL grapefruit seed extract solution, 100% lactic acid, 10% acetic acid solution, and 10% lactic acid solution were prepared and used. After adjusting the pH to 4, 5, and 6 with lactic acid and acetic acid in the mixed culture medium, each bacterium was inoculated into the medium and incubated for 72 h at 35℃. Incubate and 0 h each. 24 h. 48 h. The number of bacteria was measured after 72 h. Results: In the mixed culture test between lactic acid bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria showed good results at pH 5-5.5. Potassium sorbate, which has varying antibacterial activity based on the pH, killed pathogenic bacteria and allowed lactic acid bacteria to survive at pH 5.5. Conclusion: The formulation ratio obtained through this study could be used for the development of a feminine cleanser that can be used as a substitute for antibacterial agents. Further, the findings of this study may be able to solve the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the future.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2006

The present study addressed the efficacy of nanosized silica-silver for controlling plant pathogenic microorganisms. The nanosized silica-silver consisted of nano-silver combined with silica molecules and water soluble polymer, prepared by exposing a solution including silver salt, silicate and water soluble polymer to radioactive rays. The nanosized silica-silver showed antifungal activity against the tested phytopathogenic fungi at 3.0 ppm with varied degrees. In contrast, a number of beneficial bacteria or plant pathogenic bacteria were not significantly affected at 10 ppm level but completely inhibited by 100 ppm of nanosized silicasilver. Among the tested plant pathogenic fungi, the new product effectively controlled powdery mildews of pumpkin at 0.3 ppm in both field and greenhouse tests. The pathogens disappeared from the infected leaves 3 days after spray and the plants remained healthy thereafter. Our results suggested that the product developed in this study was effective in controlling various plant fungal diseases.