• Title/Summary/Keyword: Path Effect

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The Mathematical Model on Crosstalk Effect of Airborne Noise Sources and Verification based on Comparison between Transfer Path Analysis Methods (소음원간 누화 효과에 대한 수학적 모델 및 전달 경로 분석법 비교를 통한 검증)

  • Byun, Jae-Hwan;Kim, Yoon-Jae;Kang, Yeon-June;Kang, Koo-Tae;Kwon, O-Jun;Hong, Jin-Chul
    • Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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    • v.18 no.9
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    • pp.943-951
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, the mathematical model on crosstalk effect between acoustic noise sources is presented. Based on this model, a theoretical value to quantitate crosstalk effect of sources can be defined on the authority of reverberation property of surrounding which sources are located, relative magnitudes of sources and phase deference between acoustic wave transferred from all of sources. In order to verify crosstalk effect factor, experiments are made for two cases, weak and strong crosstalk effect condition, by using toro representative transfer path analysis(TPA) methods.

Correlation Coefficients and Path - Analysis of Various Characteristics of Dihaploids derived from Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacco L.)Anther Culture in vitro (담배 약에서 유기된 반수체 배가계통의 변이, 상관 및 경로분석)

  • 금완수;제상율
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 1981
  • Dihaploid lines were derived from the anthers of the F, of single cross, "Va 115" x"SC 72" (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The path-analysis, correlation coefficient, and variation of characteristics among dihaploid families were evaluated. Dihaploid lines displayed much greater variation than their parents. The genetic correlation coefficient between yield and total alkaloids of dihaploids was significantly lower than that of conventional varieties and lines. In path-analysis which relates yield components to yield, number of leaves harvested and leaf width had a direct effect on yield. a direct effect on yield.

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Dual Path Model in Store Loyalty of Discount Store (대형마트 충성도의 이중경로모형)

  • Ji, Seong-Goo;Lee, Ihn-Goo
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 2010
  • I. Introduction The industry of domestic discount store was reorganized with 2 bigs and 1 middle, and then Home Plus took over Home Ever in 2008. In present, Oct, 2008, E-Mart has 118 outlets, Home Plus 112 outlets, and Lotte Mart 60 stores. With total number of 403 outlets, they are getting closer to a saturation point. We know that the industry of discount store has been getting through the mature stage in retail life cycle. There are many efforts to maintain existing customers rather than to get new customers. These competitions in this industry lead firms to acknowledge 'store loyalty' to be the first strategic tool for their sustainable competitiveness. In other words, the strategic goal of discount store is to boost up the repurchase rate of customers throughout increasing store loyalty. If owners of retail shops can figure out main factors for store loyalty, they can easily make more efficient and effective retail strategies which bring about more sales and profits. In this practical sense, there are many papers which are focusing on the antecedents of store loyalty. Many researchers have been inspecting causal relationships between antecedents and store loyalty; store characteristics, store image, atmosphere in store, sales promotion in store, service quality, customer characteristics, crowding, switching cost, trust, satisfaction, commitment, etc., In recent times, many academic researchers and practitioners have been interested in 'dual path model for service loyalty'. There are two paths in store loyalty. First path has an emphasis on symbolic and emotional dimension of service brand, and second path focuses on quality of product and service. We will call the former an extrinsic path and call the latter an intrinsic path. This means that consumers' cognitive path for store loyalty is not single but dual. Existing studies for dual path model are as follows; First, in extrinsic path, some papers in domestic settings show that there is 'store personality-identification-loyalty' path. Second, service quality has an effect on loyalty, which is a behavioral variable, in the mediation of customer satisfaction. But, it's very difficult to find out an empirical paper applied to domestic discount store based on this mediating model. The domestic research for store loyalty concentrates on not only intrinsic path but also extrinsic path. Relatively, an attention for intrinsic path is scarce. And then, we acknowledge that there should be a need for integrating extrinsic and intrinsic path. Also, in terms of retail industry, this study is meaningful because retailers want to achieve their competitiveness by using store loyalty. And so, the purpose of this paper is to integrate and complement two existing paths into one specific model, dual path model. This model includes both intrinsic and extrinsic path for store loyalty. With this research, we would expect to understand the full process of forming customers' store loyalty which had not been clearly explained. In other words, we propose the dual path model for discount store loyalty which has been originated from store personality and service quality. This model is composed of extrinsic path, discount store personality$\rightarrow$store identification$\rightarrow$store loyalty, and intrinsic path, service quality of discount store$\rightarrow$customer satisfaction$\rightarrow$store loyalty. II. Research Model Dual path model integrates intrinsic path and extrinsic path into one specific model. Intrinsic path put an emphasis on quality characteristics and extrinsic path focuses on brand characteristics. Intrinsic path is based on information processing perspective, and extrinsic path emphasizes symbolic and emotional dimension of brand. This model is composed of extrinsic path, discount store personality$\rightarrow$store identification$\rightarrow$store loyalty, and intrinsic path, service quality of discount store$\rightarrow$customer satisfaction$\rightarrow$store loyalty. Hypotheses are as follows; Hypothesis 1: Service quality perceived by customers in discount store has an positive effect on customer satisfaction Hypothesis 2: Store personality perceived by customers in discount store has an positive effect on store identification Hypothesis 3: Customer satisfaction in discount store has an positive effect on store loyalty. Hypothesis 4: Store identification has an positive effect on store loyalty. III. Results and Implications We examined consumers who patronize discount stores for samples of this study. With the structural equation model(SEM) analysis, we empirically tested the validity and fitness of the dual path model for store loyalty in discount stores. As results, the fitness indices of this model were well fitted to data obtained. In an intrinsic path, service quality(SQ) is positively related to customer satisfaction(CS), customer satisfaction(CS) has very significantly positive effect on store loyalty(SL). Also, in an extrinsic path, the store personality(SP) is positively related to store identification(SI), it shows significant effect on store loyalty. Table 1 shows the results as follows; There are some theoretical and practical implications. First, Many studies on discount store loyalty have been executed from various perspectives. But there has been no integrative view on this issue. And so, this research was theoretically designed to integrate various and controversial arguments into one systematic model. We empirically tested dual path model forming store loyalty, and brought up a systematic and integrative framework for future studies. We want to expect creative and aggressive research activities. Second, a few established papers are focused on the relationship between antecedents and store loyalty; store characteristics, atmosphere, sales promotion in store, service quality, trust, commitment, etc., There has been some limits in understanding thoroughly the formation process of store loyalty with a singular path, intrinsic or extrinsic. Beyond these limits in single path, we could propose the new path for store loyalty. This is meaningful. Third, discount store firms make and execute marketing strategies for increasing store loyalty. This research provides real practitioners with reference framework needed for actual strategy formation. Because this paper shows integrated and systematic path for store loyalty. A special feature of this study is to represent 6 sub dimensions of service quality in intrinsic path and 4 sub dimensions of store personality in extrinsic path. Marketers can make more analytic marketing planning with concrete sub dimensions of service quality and store personality. When marketers of discount stores make strategic planning like MPR, Ads, campaign, sales promotion, they can use many items which are more competitive than competitors.

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The Study on the Reduction of Laser Scanning Path Creation Time during Jewellery Pattern Manufacturing (쥬얼리 패턴제작시 주사경로생성시간 단축에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, T.H.;Kim, S.Y.;Park, J.D.;Kim, M.J.;Jeon, E.C.
    • Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.440-446
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    • 2006
  • This study relates to the effect of forming time of injection path on the total process. The whole process can be divided into build process of forming path of injection and after treatment process. The total time required for the whole process could be reduced by reducing the forming time of injection path using SLC file to correct the problems of STL file that is the basic file format for high speed molding devices. First of all, I verify the forming time of injection path according to the conditions of STL file during the formation of injection path. And I verify problems using STL file during formation of injection path. And then I tried to solve problems of STL file by comparing between the formation time of injection path and the existing method using SLC files.

Path Analysis of Factors Limiting Crop Yield in Rice Paddy and Upland Corn Fields (벼와 옥수수 재배 포장에서 경로분석을 이용한 작물 수확량 제한요인 분석)

  • Chung S. O.;Sudduth K. A.;Chang Y. C.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.30 no.1 s.108
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    • pp.45-55
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    • 2005
  • Knowledge of the relationship between crop yield and yield-limiting factors is essential for precision farming. However, developing this knowledge is not easy because these yield-limiting factors are interrelated and affect crop yield in different ways. In this study, data for grain yield and yield-limiting factors, including crop chlorophyll content, soil chemical properties, and topography were collected for a small (0.3 ha) rice paddy field in Korea and a large (36 ha) upland corn field in the USA, and relationships were investigated with path analysis. Using this approach, the effects of limiting factors on crop yield could be separated into direct effects and indirect effects acting through other factors. Path analysis provided more insight into these complex relationships than did simple correlation or multiple linear regression analysis. Results of correlation analysis for the rice paddy field showed that EC, Ca, and $SiO_2$ had significant (P<0.1) correlations with rice yield, while pH, Ca, Mg, Na, $SiO_2,\;and\;P_2O_5$ had significant correlations with the SPAD chlorophyll reading. Path analysis provided additional information about the importance and contribution paths of soil variables to rice yield and growth. Ca had the highest direct effect (0.52) and indirect effect via Mg (-0.37) on rice yield. The indirect effect of Mg through Ca (0.51) was higher than the direct effect (-0.38). Path analysis also enabled more appropriate selection of important factors limiting crop yield by considering cause-and-effect relationships among predictor and response variables. For example, although pH showed a positive correlation (r=0.35) with SPAD readings, the correlation was mainly due to the indirect positive effects acting through Mg and $SiO_2$, while pH not only showed negative direct effects, but also negatively impacted indirect effects of other variables on SPAD readings. For the large upland Missouri corn field, two topographic factors, elevation and slope, had significant (P<0.1) direct effects on yield and highly significant (P<0.01) correlations with other limiting factors. Based on the correlation analysis alone, P and K were determined to be nutrients that would increase corn yield for this field. With the help of path analysis, however, increases in Mg could also be expected to increase corn yield in this case. In general, path analysis results were consistent with published optimum ranges of nutrients for rice and com production. We conclude that path analysis can be a useful tool to investigate interrelationships between crop yield and yield limiting factors on a site-specific basis.

Path Dependence in Industry-University Cooperation - In terms of Industry's Voluntary Participation (산학협력에서 경로 의존성에 대한 연구 - 산업계의 자발적 참여 관점)

  • Han, Sang-Seol;Yim, Duk-Soon
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - The Korean university education system is facing innovation and change, including cooperation between industry and university, Therefore It is important to activate the industry-university cooperation. This paper aims to demonstrate the factors that activate industry-university cooperation, particularly about the voluntary participation induction by industry and researching in path dependency perspectives. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this research were companies that are aware of the industry-university cooperation program. This research hypothesis is derived from the literature of previous studies of industry-university cooperation, This study have constructs that was defined operationally with reference to previous studies, this research model design to figure out structural relationship among technology leadership of university, university specialization, local network strength, fixation of local economy, recognition of path dependence, participation by industry, performance of industry-university cooperation. From 2017 July. 1 to Sept. 31, questionnaire survey targeting company staff who is involving in industry-university cooperation. 257 questionnaire survey had conducted. 249 investigated data were used for empirical analysis except wrong data. This data were used for AMOS(structural equation) & Regression statistics to verify hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, technology leadership of universities has a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. University specialization has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. Second, local network strength has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. but fixation of local economy does not affect voluntary participation by industry. Third, recognition of path dependence has moderating effect between Independent(university, company characteristics) and dependent variables(voluntary participation by industry) When recognition level of path dependence is high, preceding factors have a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry than recognition level of path dependence is low. As a result, the degree of recognition of path dependence was shown important variables that induce voluntary participation of industry for industry-university cooperation program. Conclusions - This study suggests that voluntary participation of industry is a very important factor in the achievement of industry-university cooperation. Recognition of interdependence as well as leading factors that encourage voluntary participation of industry is also just as important. If recognition of path dependence was high, Industry's voluntary participation was high.

The Relations between Leisure Expenditure Leisure Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction: A path analytic approach (여가비지출이 여가만족도 및 생활만족도에 미치는영향)

  • 홍성희
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.121-136
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze a path model that investigated the relations among leisure expenditure leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction. For this purpose conceptual framework based on previous studies was suggested. The sample in this study consisted of 3,519 urban married couple living in Korea. Statistics employed for the analysis were frequencies means multiple regression and path annalysis. Empirical tests' results showed some evidence has been provided that supported the conceptual framework. In husband's model the household's leisure expenditure had vital direct effect on the husband's leisure satisfaction while it had not any effect on the husband's life satisfaction. Also in wife's model the household leisure expenditure had statistically significant direct effect on wife's life satisfaction however there was not any effect that mediated through wife's leisure satisfaction.

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Depression in Adolescence : Path Analysis of the Effects of Socio-Environmental Variables and Cognitive Variables (사회-환경적 변인과 인지적 변인이 청소년의 우울에 미치는 영향의 경로분석)

  • Kim, Seon Ha;Kim, Choon Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.249-261
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    • 2006
  • This study investigated the influence of socio-environmental variables and cognitive variables on adolescent depression. Subjects were 494 middle and high school students of Deagu. The instrument was a self-report questionnaire; data were analyzed by t-test, stepwise multiple regression and path analysis. Among Socio-environmental variables, social support variables had a stronger effect on depression than stress. Among cognitive variables, automatic thought had a stronger effect on depression than cognitive distortion and socio-environmental variables. In path analysis, social support had a direct effect on cognitive distortion and automatic thought. Automatic thought served as a mediater of the relation between social support and depression. Although adolescent stress resulted in high depression, its effect on depression varied with the level of perceived social support.

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Joint disturbance torque analysis for robots and its application in straight line path placement (로봇의 관절외란해석을 이용한 직선궤적 위치결정)

  • ;Choi, Myuoung Hwan
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 1997.10a
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    • pp.1824-1827
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    • 1997
  • Majority of industrial robots are controlled by a simple joint servo control of joint actuators. In this type of control, the performance of control is influenced greatly by the joint interaction torques including Coriolis and centrifugal forces, which act as disturbance torques to the control system. As the speed of the robot increases, the effect of this disturbance torque increases, and makes the high speed-high precision control more difficult to achieve. In this paper, the joint disturbance torque of robots is analyzed. The joint disturbance torque is defined using the coefficients of dynamic equation of motion, and for the case of a 2DOF planar robot, the conditions for the maximum joint disturbance torques are identified, and the effect of link parameters and joint variables on the joint disturbance torque are examined. Then, a solutioin to the optimal path placement problem is proposed that minimizes the joint disturbance torque are examined. then, a solution to the optimal path placement problem is proposed that minimizes the joint disturbance torque during a straight line motion. the proposed method is illustrated using computer simulation. the proposed solution method cna be applied to the class of robots that are controlled by independent joint sevo control, which includes the vast majority of industrial robots. By minimizing the joint disturbacne torque during the motion, the simple joint servo controlled robot can move with improved path tracking accuracy at high speed.

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A Study on the Performance of Ak Heaters -Black Coating Materials, Coating Methods and Structure of Air Path- (평판식 태양열 공기가열기의 성능에 관한 연구 -도장재료, 도장방법 및 공기통로 구조를 중심으로-)

  • 박종길;연광석;차균도
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.78-85
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    • 1979
  • In order to obtain the basic data for designing optimum flat plate solar air heaters, which can be operated with relatively low temperature for drying farm products, 8 different treatment of solar air heaters were devised and tested for their heating performances and efficiencies. The results were analised and summarized as follows. 1. The primary factors, structure of air path (C), black coating materials (A) and bottom coating methods (B) showed very high significant effect of far above 1% level. With respect to the mutual multiplying effect of secondary factors, 1% level of significance was found with coating materials and methods (AB), and 5% level of significance was found with coating materials and air path structure (AC). 2. The heating performance of the air heaters with winding air path showed about twice those with straight air path. 3. The Korean black ink which is less expensive than dim oil paint showed 3-4% better heating efficiencies as the black coating material of flat plate solar air heaters. 4. The heating efficiencies of the solar air heaters whose bottoms were not black coated were 2-3% higher than those with black coated bottoms. 5. The highest heating efficiency of solar air heater among 8 different treatment was found in the plot of Korean black ink-bottom not coated-winding air path showing 29.0-34.5%

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