• 지식경영연구
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.65-81
• /
• 2010

This paper explores the determinants of the economic value of patents using a survival time analysis. The analysis is based on renewal information of about 250,000 patents filed from 1984 to 2005 in the Korea Intellectual Property Office. A patent right is valid only when its owner pays yearly maintenance fees. Failure to pay causes patent rights to be lapsed. We use the fact that more valued patents live longer and the lengths of their renewals can be closely related to their value. The value can be affected not only by its own technological aspects such as quality and breadth, but also by characteristics of its owners such as innovativeness and age. This paper presents patent-specific and firm-specific characteristics which influence patent value. The result of analysis implies that patent value depends on both the technological contents of the patent and general capabilities of a firm.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제53권2호
• /
• pp.190-194
• /
• 2010

목 적 : 애성 및 음성 변동은 심장병 환자에서 관찰될 수 있는데 이러한 음성 변동 정도를 음향학적 지표의 평가로 분석하여, 소아에서 선천성 심장병 종류에 따른 음성 변동을 음향학적 요소로 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 수술 전 선천성 심장병 환아 94명을 연구 대상으로 하였고 심실 중격 결손, 동맥관 개존, 심방 중격 결손, 폐동맥 협착, 활로 사징이 포함되었으며, 음성 변동을 조사하기 위한 음향 지표 분석은 통증 자극을 통하여 얻어진 음성 자료를 multi-dimensional voice program system을 이용하여 평가하였다. 연구에 사용된 음향 지표로 average fundamental frequency, length of analyzed sample, jitter percent, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 음향 지표인 average fundamental frequency은 동맥관 개존, 심실 중격 결손, 활로 사징 경우에서 유의한 감소를 나타냈으며, length of analyzed sample은 연구 대상 선천성 심장병 환아에서 대조군에 비해 의미있는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. Jitter percent, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio는 심실 중격 결손, 동맥관 개존, 심방 중격 결손에서 대조군에 비해 증가되었다. 이러한 음성 변동은 연구 대상 선천성 심장병 중 동맥관 개존에서 음도변이, 강도변이, 음성의 소음 정도가 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났으며, 동맥관 개존, 심실 중격 결손, 심방 중격 결손 순으로 그 음성 변동의 특징을 나타냈다. 결 론 : 수술 전 선천성 심장병 환아에서 음성을 음향학적 지표로 비교 분석한 결과 음향학적 지표들이 심장 질환의 유형별 차이를 보이는데 좌우 단락 심질환군에서 현저한 비정상적 음향학적 지표를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.510-517
• /
• 1988

With the ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus by Gross in 1938, surgeons first entered the field of congenital heart disease, and treatment of the patent ductus is representative of the rapid advance made in thoracic surgery in the last 40 years. We have had clinical experiences about 36 cases of this in the department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje medical college from March 1891 to June 1987. And the results were summarized as follows. 1. There were 11 males, 25 females. The age range of the patients were from 8 months to 36 years with the mean age of 7.9 years. 2. The chief complaints of the patients on admission were frequent URI[50%], dyspnea on exertion[29.8%], chest pain[11.1% k 1%], growth retardation[2%], cough[2.8%], anorexia[2.8%]. But there were 11 patients[30.6%] having no subjective symptoms. 3. In auscultation, the usual continuous machinery murmur was noticed in 30 patients[83.3%], only systolic murmur in 6[16.7%]. 4. In the preoperative chest P-A views, there were noticed cardiomegaly in 20 cases, enlarged pulmonary conus and / or pulmonary plethora in 22 patients[61.1%]. 5. In the preoperative EGG findings, there were noticed pattern of LVH in 8 patients[22.2`], RVH in 2[5.6%], BVH in 4[11.5%] and normal in 19[52.89o]. 6. The size of PDA[mean] was 9.5 mm[length] and 8.8 mm[width], the range of length was from 4 to 29 mm and the range of width was from 4 to 18 mm. 7. There were noticed 6 cases which were combined with other anomalies[VSD in 2 cases, Coarctation of aorta in 2, Mitral regurgitation in 1, and AP window in 1]. 8. On operation, simple ligation of the ductus was performed in 30 cases[83.3%], division and suture-ligation in 5[13.9%]. 9. Postoperative complications were noticed in 4 cases[pneumonia in one case, wound infection or disruption in 3], but there were no mortality.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제57권2호
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2024

The present study investigated the digital color characteristics corresponding to different maturity stages and maturation levels of white croaker Pennahia argentatus specimens collected from the Southern Sea of South Korea. Maturity stages were determined using photomicrographs depicting ovarian developmental phases and compared with digital color values. The specimens ranged in body length from 21-36 cm, with mature ovaries observed within the 24-30 cm length range. To differentiate the maturing, mature, spawning, and post-spawning stages of the gonads, boundary lines were established based on specific coordinates. For the ovaries, a dividing line was drawn through (-10, -10) and (15, 5), described by the equation Y=3/5X-4; while for the testes, the line passed through (20, 0) and (0, 15), indicated by the equation Y=-3/4X+15. However, the visual determination of the maturity stages proved challenging due to overlapping color values. Consequently, this study underscores the efficacy of employing digital color measurements over subjective visual assessments to evaluate the maturity of white croaker gonads and offers more quantitative insights.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.253-261
• /
• 2024

This study investigated the digital color profiles corresponding to different maturity stages and levels of brown croaker Miichthys miiuy specimens collected from the Southern Sea of South Korea. Maturity stages were determined using photomicrographs of ovarian developmental phases, which were compared with digital color values. Brown croaker specimens ranged from 24 to 81 cm in standard length; mature ovaries were predominantly observed in specimens that exceed 40 cm in length. Monthly ovary color values were primarily concentrated in the 1st and 4th quadrants, with both a^* and b^* values falling within a range of ±15 centered on the origin. Similarly, the testes color values were predominantly situated in the 4th quadrant, with a^* and b^* values ranging from -5 to 15 and 10 to 14, respectively. While the color values of the mature and spawning stages overlapped within a narrow range, distinguishing between them required both the color value and monthly color value distribution to be considered. Thus, this study underscores the efficacy of digital color measurements for assessing brown croaker gonad maturity, and provides more quantitative insights compared to subjective visual assessments by humans.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.459-466
• /
• 2024

Digital color analysis was used to determine the gonadal maturity stages and levels of robust tonguefish Cynoglossus robustus specimens collected from the South Sea of Korea. Maturity stages were determined using photomicrographs depicting ovarian developmental phases and compared with digital color values. Speciments of C. robustus ranged in total length from 21 to 40 cm, with mature ovaries predominantly observed in specimens exceeding 30 cm in length. Monthly color values of the ovaries were primarily concentrated in the 1st and 4th quadrants of the color space, with a^* and b^* values ranging within ±20 and ±15, respectively. The color values of the testes were predominantly located in the 1^st and 4^sth quadrants, with a^* and b^* values ranging from -10 to 10 and -5 to 10, respectively. Although the color values of the mature and spawning stages overlap within a narrow range, distinguishing between them requires consideration of both color values and their monthly distribution. This study underscores the effectiveness of using digital color measurements over subjective visual assessments to evaluate the maturity of C. robustus gonads, thereby providing more quantitative insights into their reproductive biology.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.541-547
• /
• 2004

The aim of this study was to compare the initial apical file (IAF) length between the mesio-buccanl and mesio-lingual canals of the mandibular molar before and after early coronal flaring. Fifty mandibular molars with complete apical formation and patent foramens were selected. After establishing the initial working length of the buccal and lingual canal of the mesial root using the Root-ZX, radiographs were taken for the working length with a 0.5 mm short of #15 K-file tip just visible at the foramen under a surgical microscope (OPMI 1-FC, Carl Zeiss Co. Germany) at 25X. After early coronal flaring using the $K^3$ file, additional radiographs were taken using the same procedure. The root canal morphology and the difference in working length between the buccal and lingual canals were evaluated. These results show that the difference in the length between the mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canals of the mandibular molar was $\leq$ 0.5 mm. If one canal has a correct working length for the mesial root of the mandibular molar, it can be used effectively for measuring the working length of another canal when the files are superimposed or loosening. In addition, the measured the working length after early coronal flaring is much more reasonable because the difference in the length between the mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canals can be reduced.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제53권12호
• /
• pp.1012-1017
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Transcatheter closure has become an effective therapy in most patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). However, there are difficulties in transcatheter closure of PDA in small children. We reviewed clinical outcomes of transcatheter closure of PDA in children weighing less than 10 kg in a single center. Methods: Between January 2003 and December 2009, 314 patients with PDA underwent transcatheter closure in our institute. Among them, 115 weighed less than 10 kg. All of these patients underwent transcatheter closure of PDA using either COOK Detachable $Coil^{(R)}$, PFM Nit-$Occlud^{(R)}$, or Amplatzer duct $occluder^{(R)}$. A retrospective review of the treatment results and complications was performed. Results: The mean age of patients was $9.1{\pm}5.9$ months (median, 8 months), and mean weight was $7.6{\pm}1.8kg$ (median, 7.8 kg). The mean diameter of PDA was $3.2{\pm}1.4mm$ (median, 3 mm). Complete occlusion occurred in 113 patients (98%). One patient was sent to surgery because of a failed attempt at device closure, and another patient had a small residual shunt after device placement. The average mean length of hospital stay was $3.0{\pm}3.3$ days, and mean follow-up duration was $21.0{\pm}19.6$ months. There were no major complications in any of the patients. Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of PDA is considered safe and efficacious in infants weighing less than 10 kg. With sufficient experience and further effort, transcatheter closure of PDA can be accepted as the gold standard of treatment for this group of patients.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.575-579
• /
• 2005

A 6-month-old male Poodle was referred with chief complaint of dysponea and cough. Cyanosis was not detected. This dog was diagnosed as a case of canine patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by X-ray and ultrasonography. Diuretics and bronchodialators were administered for 4 weeks. Clinical symptoms were not improved. Thoracotomy was done at right recumbent position. The length of ductus arteriosus was 8 mm and the diameter was 6 mm, respectively. Double ligation was performed in surgery. Continuous cardiac murmur, cough and strong femoral pulsation were disappeared after surgery. The diameters of the pulmonary artery and vein found to normal by X-ray on 10 days after operation. The diameter of the aorta measured to be larger than that of the main pulmonary artery by ultrasonography. The fractional shortening (FS) on 10 days after surgery was 17.32% by ultrasonography. The needle-acupuncture therapy was used in acupoints BL-15 as local point plus PC-6, HT-7 and HT-5 as distant points for 3 days (15 min/once/a day). The FSs were increased to 21.31% and 29.44% at 1 and on 3 days after acupuncture, respectively. The present patient was a case of typical canine PDA that showed favorable therapeutic responses by surgery combined with needle-acupuncture treatment.

• 아시안잔디학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 1999

'Konwoo', bermudagrass[Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.] (Patent registration no. 2000-724), a vegetative cultivar, was developed by the Dept. of Horticultural Science, Konkuk University, Seoul. 'Konwoo' was selected in 1997 among 20 lines collected from Korea, Japan, Tiwan, China, U. S. A, and Australia. 'Konwoo' morphologically similar to Tifway 419 was selected due to the erect type, short leaf length($1.3\pm$0.3cm), fine leaf($2.0\pm$0.5mm), rapid establishment and recoverage, many stolon number and high shoot density. When 'Konwoo' was compared to the four other bermudagrass lines at the DNA level using 54 PCR primers, it had the specific bands with primer No. 102, 275, 280, 295, 300, 739 by RAPD analysis.