• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.146-153
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• 2010

Urban development typically results in many species being confined to small, isolated and degraded habitat fragments. Fragment size and isolation underpin many studies of modified landscape to prevent biodiversity loss. However, habitat characteristics such as vegetation structure and edge effects are less frequently incorporated in planning. The relative influence of biogeographic (e.g. size, isolation) and vegetation parameters on assemblages is poorly understood, but critical for conservation management. In this study, the relative importance of biogeographic and vegetation parameters in explaining the diversity of forest-interior dwelling birds in forest fragments in Chungcheong Province Area. Fragment size and vegetation characteristics were consistently important predictors of bird diversity. Forestinterior bird richness was influenced by fragment size (0.437), wood age (0.332), wood diameter (0.068), and patch shape (-0.079). To preserve bird diversity of Chungcheong Province Area, it is important to consider differing responses of bird diversity to landscape change, move beyond a focus primarily on spatial attributes (size, isolation) to recognize that landscape change also has profound effects on habitat composition and quality. The result is very useful for long-term aspect of biodiversity conservation plan in regional scale.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2005

Nicotine transdermal therapeutic systems $(TTS_S)$ have been regarded as an effective mean to aid smoking cessation. However, most of nicotine $TTS_S$ in the market have some problems such as unpleasant side effects and skin irritation due to the excess amount of the drug permeated and the properties of the additives employed. In order to solve these problems, new nicotine $TTS_S$ were formulated using biocompatible additives. The optimized formula of the drug layer consisted of nicotine, propylene glycol and poloxamer 188 at the ratio of 1.2: 17.0: 2.0. The drug layer had the sickness of $1,250\;{\mu}m$, the pH of 8.12. The skin permeation rate of nicotine from optimized nicotine patch (NP) was $21.5\;{\mu}g/cm^2/h$. Transdermal administration of nicotine patch has been carried out for the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters in rats. Steady-state plasma concentration of nicotine following transdermal application of NP (area of patch = $15\;cm^2$) on the dorsal skin of rats was 143.2 ng/ml and AUC for 24 hrs was 3,022 ng h/ml. In case of $EXODUS^{\circledR}$ and Nicotinell $TTS^{\circledR}$, the steady-state plasma concentration of nicotine and ACU for 24 hrs were 428.9 ng/ml, $9,121\;ng{\cdot}hr/ml$ and 155.3 ng/ml, $3,152\;ng{\cdot}h/ml$, respectively. NP showed the experimental plasma nicotine concentration profile was very similar to the simulated one and had an appropriate skin permeation rate and a steady-state concentration of nicotine, which can show therapeutic blood levels of the drug for 24 hrs without severe side effects.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2017

In this study, we designed the metallic reception part of a patch antenna using the phase field design method. The design object function is formulated with the S-parameter value which represent the return loss so that it is targeted to maximize radiation efficiency at a target frequency. The initial model of a patch antenna was designed via the ordinary theory based approach and its performance was enhanced by changing the structural configuration of the metallic part using the phase field design method combined with the double well potential functions. The final shape was proposed by removing the gray scale area along the structural boundary by employing a cut-off method. The proposed shape shows that the radiation efficiency at target frequency is significantly improved compared with the initial patch shape. The finite element analysis and optimization precess was performed using the commercial package COMSOL and Matlab programming.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.103-107
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• 2024

This paper is a study on a triangle patch antenna using a rectangle slot and strip conductor. The length and spacing of the slot were adjusted to confirm the characteristics of the triangle patch antenna with rectangle slot, and the area and shape of the radiation patch were changed to triangle, rectangle, and hexagon for impedance matching. The HFSS simulator was used to check the antenna parameter characteristics, and the antenna size was 26 mm ×26 mm. In this proposed antenna, the simulation frequency range with VSWR of 2 or less was 5.27 to 6.24 GHz. The bandwidth was 970 MHz. The frequency range of the fabricated antenna was 5.24 to 6.38 GHz, and the bandwidth 1140 MHz. The maximum radiation gain is 5.01 dBi. It was confirmed that all radiation patterns had directional characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2014

Focused on Mt. Bogdkhan nature reserve in Mongolia, this study was conducted as a fundamental research to discover a tendency and characteristics of forest damage and to draw up measures for proper plans of forest restoration through an analysis of year-to year change using satellite images. In specific, land cover mapping was conducted by using Landsat images from 1994 to 2011, and then year-to year change was analyzed to investigate the features of forest damage in Mt. Bogdkhan. The results showed that the whole area of a reservation in Mongolia in 2011 was about $416.89km^2$; among them, forest area was $167,87km^2$, accounting for about 40.3%, followed by bare patch and grassland area (58.6%) and urban dry area (1.1%). In particular, compared in 1994, the area of forest in 2011 has increased by $6.12km^2$; while bare patch and grassland area has decreased by $10.81km^2$. Primary causes of forest degradation occurred in Mt. Bogdkhan nature reserve included illegal logging for fuel, forest and grassland degradation caused by domestic animals grazing, man-made forest fire, and disaster caused by insect pest.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.3074-3078
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• 2014

We implemented a dual-band slot-coupled patch (SCP) antenna for the external access point (AP) of the wireless local area network (WLAN) band. The antennas consist of two radiators on three layers. The first radiator is a slotted bow tie antenna operating at the 2.4-2.483 GHz band. The second radiator is a patch antenna with parasitic elements operating at 4.095-5.845 GHz. The high gain and broad bandwidth is important element of wireless access. To enhance the bandwidth, a coupled feeding was used in the first radiator and a parasitic patch was used in the second radiator. We used a parasitic patch and chock to improve the directivity and isolation in both radiators. The porposed antenna was designed by EM simulation tool and measured. The S11 of the antenna was less than -11dB (VSWR 1.8:1) at operating frequency. The peak gain was more than 6 dBi in the first antenna and more than 8 dBi in the second antenna.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2009

We surveyed the total 30 sites in Gilgol, Nae Sorak for the patterns of the natural regeneration of the korean fir in connection with the characteristic of the stand. The natural regeneration in a forestrical meaning is not found in natural forest but mainly in the anthropogenically already disturbed area. It may be inferred from this fact that the anthropogenic disturbance can give more better condition for a natural regeneration. The regeneration phase in the natural forest is not so distinctive as the artificial forest, and shows itself transiently. And it may be also said that a shift in generation is only a part of the change of the stand phase. The concept of the natural regeneration will lose its meaning, in so far as the patch dynamic determines the phase of the stand, and the main tree species are shade-tolerant abies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.3 s.118
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• pp.315-322
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• 2007

In this paper, active integrated antenna with left hand circular polarization(LHCP) for a transmitter of UHF RFID reader has been described. A novel rectangular ring patch as a radiator of the active antenna is proposed for easier impedance matching, smaller patch size, and LHCP characteristics. An amplification circuit is placed in the opening area of the radiator and is combined with it to work as oscillating circuit around 915 MHz. From the test results, impedance bandwidth of 29 MHz, 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 20 MHz, 3 dB beamwidth of 85 degree, and effective radiation power of 8.8 dBm have been obtained.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.329-344
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• 2009

Ultrasonic chaotic excitations combined with sensor prediction algorithms have shown the ability to identify incipient damage (loss of preload) in a bolted joint. In this study we examine a physical experiment on a single-bolt aluminum lap joint as well as a three-dimensional physics-based simulation designed to model the behavior of guided ultrasonic waves through a similarly configured joint. A multiple bolt frame structure is also experimentally examined. In the physical experiment each signal is imparted to the structure through a macro-fiber composite (MFC) patch on one side of the lap joint and sensed using an equivalent MFC patch on the opposite side of the joint. The model applies the waveform via direct nodal displacement and 'senses' the resulting displacement using an average of the nodal strain over an area equivalent to the MFC patch. A novel statistical classification feature is developed from information theory concepts of cross-prediction and interdependence. This damage detection algorithm is used to evaluate multiple damage levels and locations.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.47-54
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• 2017

Recently, correlation filter based trackers have shown excellent tracking performance and computational efficiency. In order to enhance tracking performance in the correlation filter based tracker, search area which is image patch for finding target must include target. In this paper, two methods to discriminatively represent target in the search area are proposed. Firstly, search area location is estimated using pyramidal Lucas-Kanade algorithm. By estimating search area location before filtering, fast motion target can be included in the search area. Secondly, we investigate multi-channel Local Edge Pattern(LEP) which is insensitive to illumination and noise variation. Qualitative and quantitative experiments are performed with eight dataset, which includes ground truth. In comparison with method without search area estimation, our approach retain tracking for the fast motion target. Additionally, the proposed multi-channel LEP improves discriminative performance compare to existing features.