• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1997

This study was conducted to determine the protein content, cell wall fractions, and mineral concentrations of some minor plant species collected for one year in pastures grazed by goats in the Philippines. An assessment of nutrient variability and a comparison of forage protein and mineral concentrations to the critical value of protein and minerals based on animal needs were also studied. The plant species were the following: grasses(Axonopus compressus, Eleusine indica, Rottboellia exaltata); legumes (Aeschynomene indica, Calopogonium muconoides, Desmodium tortousum); and herbs (Corchorus olitorius, Ipomea aquatica, Sida acuta, Synedrella nodiflora). The two seasons (dry and wet) were subdivided into Dry-1 (December to February, 132 mm total rainfall), Dry-2 (March to May, 25 mm total rainfall), Wet-1 (June to August, 1,138 mm total rainfall), and Wet-2 (September to November, 1,118 mm total rainfall). Results showed that significant differences were obtained on various nutrient fractions including those mineral concentrations across species. Across season, acid detergent lignin (ADL) had higher (p < 0.05) value at Dry-1. Legumes and herbs were higher in crude protein (CP) especially Sida acuta. Grasses showed the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) with the addition of Sida nodiflora (herb) for it contained high NDF. Aeschynomene indica contained the highest amount of ADL and the herbs (Ipomea aquatica and Sida acuta) had exceptionally high concentration of minerals. Coefficient variation of the various nutrient values ranged from 27.3 to 136.7%. Some forage minerals appeared to be deficient (sodium, phosphorus and copper) or excess (molybdenum) for the whole or part of the year. This study shows that some minor plant species could extend the range of concentration of some nutrients (i.e., CP and minerals) beyond that normally found in conventional pasture species.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to find out the response of orchardgrass (Dactylis glorneruta L.) varieties to grazing at the condition of monocultures and mixed pastures on the field of Livestock Experiment Station at Suwon from Sep. 1989 to Oct. 1991. The varieties of orchardgrass used in this experiment were Potomac, Hallmark and Syn. No. 2 as a early maturing type, and Lidacta, Rancho and Syn. No. 10 as a late maturing type. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Herbage utilization of mixture with Hallmark variety(T2) was the highest as 78.2% and that with Rancho variety(T5) was the lowest as 70.2%. but there was no difference(P>0.05). Mixtures with early maturing varieties(T1, T2 and T3) were higher as 77.4% than those with late varieties(T4, T5 and T6) as 72.9% in herbage utilization. In monocultures Rancho variety(T5) was the highest as 68.6% and Lidacta variety(T4) was the lowest as 58.8%, and mixtures with early maturing varieties(T1, T2 and T3) as 66.6% were higher than those of late(T1, 72 and 73) as 64.6%. 2. The content of crude protein of 6 mixed pastures ranged from 19.7% to 22.8%, and those of ether extracts, crude fiber, crude ash and nitrogen free extract were 6.6 to 7.5%, 24.9 to 26.2'76, 1 1.5 to 1 1.9% and 33.6-35.4 8, respectively, But there were not different significantly(P>0.05). In monocultures, significant difference by variety was observed in crude protein content(P<0.05). 3. In botanical composition, there was just a little different among 6 mixtures, having 90% or more in grass percentage. The percentages of each orchardgrass varieties were decreased, but those of perennial ryegrasses were increased as grazing sesson was progressed in all treatment.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 1994

대관령 지역에서 Tall fescue 9개 품종을 공시하여 가을철 예취시기에 따른 2번초의 수량구성 요소와 개체중의 변화를 검토하여 이 지역의 환경조건에 적응성이 높은 품종을 선발하여고 하였으며, 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 2번초에서 개체당 경수가 많은 품종(Barcel, Forager)이 개체중도 무거워서 이지역의 환경조건에 적응성이 높은 품종이라고 생각되었다. 2. 가을철 예취시기에 따른 2번초의 개체당 경수는 개체중과 0.1%의 유의한 정상관을 나타냈으나 1경중은 유의한 상관이 인정되지 않았다. 3. 2번초의 편균 개체중이 최대에 도달하는 가을철 예취시기는 $C_3$(10월28일)으로 추정되었다. 4. 2번초의 평균 개체중은 1번초의 평균 개체중과 반비례적인 관계를 나타내었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1988

This experiment was conducted to investigate the morphological and structual characters and the dry weight of plant (DW/pl.) concerned vegetational structure of orchardgrass pastures by the times of year, from 1 year to 7 year previous, 1986 through 1980, alternately. This experiment was carried out on the experimental fields of Yonsei University. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Population density (PD) was extremely decreased by the times of year. 2. Pasture productivity was highest at 3 year old pasture, was lowest at 5 year old pasture and was recovered at 7 year old pasture. 3. Recovery of pasture productivity was followed the increase of dry weight of plant (DW/pl.) and number of tillers per plant (NT/pl.). 4. The population density of 7 year old pasture was 14 plants per square meter. 5. The number of tillers per plant (NT/pl.), dry weight of plant (DW/pl.) piant length (PL), and plant size (PS) was frequently showed the highest values by the times of established year. 6. The stubble diameter (DIA), stubble area (SB), plant size (PS), distance between neibour plant (DIS) and leaf alea index (LAI) was increased according to the times of year. 7. The dry weight of plant (DW/pl.) was positively significant correlations with the number of tillers per plant (NT/pl.) all of the established pastures, but the dry weight of a tiller (WT) was tended to increase of correlations with the dry weight of plant (DW/pl.) by the times of year. 8. Differences between morphological and structual characters was recognized according to the times of year.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 1997

Forty-five holstein calves (average liveweight 150kg) were used to investigate the effect of combination of tall fescue and white clover cultivars on liveweight gain and feed efficiency into animal product in pastures. Daily gains per head for 3 years in T1, T2 and T3 (TI : Fawn, tall fescue + Regal, white clover + orchardgrass + perennial ryegrass, T2 : Roa, tall fescue + Regal, white clover + orchardgrass + perennial ryegrass, T3 : Roa, tall fescue + Tahora, white clover + orchardgrass + perennial ryegrass) were 0.27, 0.37 and 0.35kg, respectively, while average daily weight gains per ha were 3.54, 4.47 and 4.43kg, respectively. Animals grazing on mixed pasture with Roa tall fescue and Regal or Tahora white clover were showed a higher liveweight gain than those grazed on pastures with Fawn tall fescue and Regal h i t e clover. There was no significant difference among treatments (TI = 5.0kg T2 = 4.8kg T3 = 4.9kg) in herbage intake but feed efficiency into animal product was showed higher in T2 and T3 in comparison with T1(7.9% in T2 and 8.0% in T3 vs 5.97% in TI). In conclusion, association with Roa tall fescue and Regal white clover in mixed pasture can obtain higher animal product under continuous grazing system than that with Fawn tall fescue and Regal white clover.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2023

Pasture formation and management are crucial to avoid yield reduction. This experiment aimed to examine the effects of tall fescue-centered mixed-seeding combinations on yield and vegetation changes in perennial pastures in the central region for two years, from September 2020 to October 2022. The treatments were arranged in three replications in a randomized block design: control (C), tall fescue-based mixture-1 (T-1), and tall fescue-based mixture-2 (T-2). The tall fescue (TF), orchard grass (OG), perennial ryegrass (PRG), Kentucky bluegrass (KBG), and white clover (WC) were used. The emergency rate of grasses (70.0 to 73.3%) did not differ among mixed seeding combinations. Overwintering rates (81.7 to 83.3%) were similar among treatments. The plant height of grasses was similar at each harvest date, with the highest height (86.2 cm) recorded in the second harvest of the first year, followed by that (58.4 cm) in the third harvest of the first year; it was least (38.9 cm) in the fourth harvest of the second year. There was no significant difference in the dry matter yield of grasses among the mixed seeding combination treatments in the first, third, or fourth harvests of the first year (p>0.05). For second-year grasses, dry matter yield was not significantly different in harvest date among the treatments (p>0.05). Based on mixed seeding ratio, orchard grass showed the highest yield at 70% in the C treatment, followed by tall fescue at 80% and 60% in the T-1 and T-2 treatments, respectively, in the first harvest after seeding. There was no significant difference in feed value between treatments (p>0.05), but a significant difference was observed between the third and fourth harvest (p<0.05). Therefore, it indicated that it is important to create perennial pastures in the central region through mixed seeding combinations centered on tall fescue.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.461-470
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• 1997

There are 7 classes, 17 orders, and 141 species of benthic macroinvertebrates at the 5 study sites from Feb, '91 to May, '92. Total species frequency number has less variations among sites than seasonal changes. Not considering seasonal changes this indicates that there are some influences from outside pollution sources. Seasonally, Ortho chadiinae sp. 2 take 21.2% share of total species. It was the dominant species in Feb. '91. With total average level Ephemeroptera take 51.3% of total species as first dominant species. Diptera 27.8% as second dominant species and Trichoptera 16.7% as third dominant species. Through these biological indexes, they appear to have unstable living environments in summer at sites 1 and 5. One can see that site 1 is more polluted than site 3 because site 1 has more pollution sources such as pastures and recreation areas.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.445-448
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• 1999

Beef and dairy cattle are the primary ruminant livestock in Korea, but there is a serious shortage of both fresh and dry forages. Small areas of forage crops or pastures, unfavorable soil and climatic conditions, high costs for pasture production, low establishment and management technologies, etc. are the main factors limiting roughage production in Korea. To meet the roughage demand of cattle several suggestions are presented. About 845,000 ha of hilly area could be developed for pastureland. Almost the same area of paddy field, and more than 200,000 ha of reclaimed land could be used for pasture production. If all the potential area is developed for pastureland, the area could be extended to 10 times more than is presently used for pasture crops and pastureland. Productivity would be increased by developing new technologies of establishment and management. Silvo-pastoral systems should be introduced to Korea.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2004

Farmers need timely information on the nutritional status of their animals and the nutritive value of pastures and supplementary feeds if they are to apply successfully this existing nutritional information. Near infrared reflectance(NIR) spectroscopy has been used over the last forty years to analyse accurately protein, fiber, and other organic components in animal foods. NIR spectroscopy is a rapid, non-destructive, and non-polluting technology. When properly calibrated, NIR spectroscopy is used successfully with both concentrate and forage feeds. NIR methods predict in vitro digestibility accurately and precisely, and can predict in vivo digestibility at least as well as conventional "wet chemistry" methods such as in vivo digestion or the pepsin-cellulase method, and much more rapidly. NIR technology has been applied to the routine monitoring (through analysis of feces samples) of the nutritional status of cattle and other grazing animals. This report reviews the use of near infrared reflectance(NIR) spectroscopy to monitor the nutritive value of animal feeds and the nutritional status of grazing animals.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2024

Mongolian herders rely significantly on grazing their animals, such as goats, sheep, cattle, horses, yaks, and camels, in broad rangelands throughout the year. The availability of appropriate forage, the amount of hay and forage to be kept, and whether the animals will acquire physical strength from the pasture to make it through the impending cold season are all determined by the meteorological conditions of the year. Herders' principal source of income is animals, therefore preventing mortality is a top priority. In Mongolia, meadows are a major element determining cattle live weight. However, in the summer of 2022, Mongolia faced a drought, which resulted in inadequate pastures and starved cattle. Livestock might lose weight in these situations due to a lack of supplemental feeding.