• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.290-300
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• 2018

The point of discovering a new technique using colored glass and clay is to improve the existing inconveniences, which is compatible with the mutual physical property of ceramics clay and glass. It is easy to express the decoration of colored glass in vertical ceramics, but the aesthetic expression is limited due to the rust flowing down on horizontal ceramics. So the point is the discovery of a new expressive method that do not melt down in vertical objects. A new technique is to crush finely and dilute the colored glass using clay, and brushing it to the wall. Additionally, inlaid technique and paste brush technique were applied to further enhance aesthetic end. The plastic method is oxidation and reduction, and the coloration was different due to the plasticity method. Particularly, partial cutting of engraved color glass leads to forming gray-line soft gradation. This effect will be good to apply to production of work and industrial ceramics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.807-810
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• 2005

In this study, MMA-modified paste of coating material for protecting the concrete structures was developed. The coating material was applied to cement concrete specimens by brush, roller and spray in each of which one, two and three layers to survey, by the cold-hot iterative test, the neutralization test, the chloride ion permeation test and the ante-abrasion test, the affect of painting methods and layers influencing on the durability of coating material. Results of the cold-hot iterative test showed that, regardless of the painting methods and layers, the defects such as crack or fuzz on surface were not produced. As the number of painting layers increased, the neutralization prevention as well as the chloride ion permeation prevention effects were increased. On the other hand, no difference was found between the painting methods. Reducing weight by abrasion of polymer paste coating material was $20\%$ comparing to that of cement mortar.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.823-827
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• 1971

The auther has made an epidemiological study on the oral examination and oral health in 226 Korea Military Nursing School Students. The following results was obtained: 1. The prevalance rate of dental caries was 71.23%. 2. The prevalance rate of D.M.F. was 45.82%. 3. The tooth health index was 77.87%. 4. The prevalance distribution of dental caries was 63.87% in the mandibular and 36.13% in the maxila. 5. Of examined students, 94.0% was brushing twice per day and 6.0% once per day. 6. Of examined students, 98.2% was using the paste form on dentifrice and tooth brush. 7. Of examined students, 22.1% was ignorant of causes of dental caries.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.433-439
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• 2004

Hanji costumes has four aspects that allow the creator or artist to create many variations. The pictorial effects of Hanji costumes are produced through variations in the dyes and brushes used for its application. The amount of water and texture of the Hanji mixture also influences the Hanji clothing. This effect was expressed using a dry brush technique, a dripping technique, India inks, and fragments from other Hanji works. A second aspect of Hanji clothing is the coloring effect in the Hanji costumes. The coloring is due to the fibers in the preparation mixture and the uniqueness of the dyes. The Hanji clothing was dyed various colors and patterns by dip dyeing, block dyeing, silk screens, digital printing. The third aspect of Hanji imagination in clothing is the decorative details. The details in Hanji clothing can be seen using frills, pleats, tucks and ribbons. The last variation of Hanji clothing can be expressed through crafting techniques. These techniques are the quality of paper string, cuts in the paper and paste ingredients. With Hanji cloth, it is possible to plait, roll, and crample into other flexible & useful materials.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.132-140
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of oral health education on kindergarten children. Method: The study was designed as a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pre -post test design. Data was collected from April 1st to November 30th, 2001. The total samples were sixty seven healthy kindergarten children; the experiment group consisted of thirty three and the control group was thirty four children. The experimental group received an oral health education program daily for 20 minutes for four weeks. Result: There was significant improvements on oral health behavior in the experimental group. Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli of the salivary variables in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. The dmft was lower in the experimental group than the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. However it was significantly lower in the experimental group than control group over time. Conclusion: Oral health education for kindergarten children showed an increase in the use of tooth paste and practicing correct tooth brush usage. Also, it decreased the rate of eating cariogenic food and had a positive effect on oral health through suppressing dental cavities.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.309-320
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the removal effect on artificial plaque from RBM treated implant surfaces that are exposed due to peri-implantitis. Materials and methods: Artificial plaque with Streptococcus mutans and acquired pellicle adhered to RBM treated implant discs. Study materials divided into one control and six test groups. In test groups, physical and chemical methods used to remove plaques. Prophyflex, Professional Mechanical Tooth Cleaning (PMTC) and interdental brush as mechanical treatments and 0.1% Chlorhexidine, Citric acid, HCl tetracycline as a chemical treatment were used. To analyses the study, disc weight was measured for remaining plaque quantities and SEM(Scanning Electronic Microscope) findings was taken for evaluation of surfaces. Results: 1. In weight changes, there was significant difference between each treatment group and the control group (p<0.05). Therefore all treatment methods using this study have good ability for remove plaques. 2. In weight changes, there was no significant difference between mechanical and chemical group, and there were no significant differences between each groups (p>0.05). 3. SEM findings after mechanical treatment disclosed as follows; Prophyflex group looked like sound implant surface, and there were some paste on implant surface at PMTC group, and there were some artificial plaque at interdental brush group. 4. SEM findings after chemical treatment disclosed as follows; there were some dark lesions which were supposed as the product from Streptococcus mutans at Chlorhexidine, Citric acid and HCl tetracycline groups. Conclusion: All six methods using in this study have good ability to remove artificial plaque on RBM treated implant. According to SEM findings, prophyflex is a superior method for removing of dental plaque among test groups.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.264-272
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• 2007

The purpose of study was to improve the oral hygiene methods for early childhood. The author investigated the oral hygiene materials for early childhood and the oral hygiene methods used by 672 caregivers in Iksan city. The oral hygiene materials were oral tissue, finger brush, toothbrush sets according to the growth stages, electric toothbrush, child toothbrush, toothpaste sets according to the growth stages including eatable toothpaste, and child toothpaste, The rate of caregivers who used each materials was 62.5% for oral tissue, 70.9% for finger brush, 55.9% for toothbrush sets, and 87.4% for eatable tooth-paste. 79.0% of caregivers began toothbrushing from first eruption and about 1 year of age. The rate of swallowing toothpaste was 22% before 48 months, 9% from 48 to 59 months, and 3% after 60 months. The rate of children brushed by caregivers was 52% before 48 months, 42% from 48 to 59 months, and 26% after 60 months. The basic method of oral hygiene management for early childhood is to remove the dental plaque by toothbrushing, and the toothpaste may be used. Suffocation, accidental swallowing, and injury to the throat must be avoided. Generally, the fluoride toothpaste is not recommended before 3 years of age. The least amount of fluoride toothpaste should be used and caregivers should supervise children to prevent the swallowing of toothpaste.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.3 no.4 s.10
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

In this research, evaluation of adhesion in tension property of SBR-modified concrete to ordinary portland cement concrete was conducted with uniaxial direct tensile bond test which was proposed by Kuhlmann. A test set-up was fabricated in order to minimize the eccentric force by introducing a joint which might fully rotate. The main experimental variables were cement-latex ratios, surface preparations and moisture levels. The results obtained were as follows: The LMC specimen at 15% latex-cement ratio increased the adhesion in tension by range of 37% compared to that of conventional cement concrete. This might be due to latex film formed between cement paste and aggregate. The effects of surface preparation on bond of latex modified concrete to conventional concrete were significant at the conditions by sand paper and wire brush. A better bond could be achieved by rough surface rather than smooth. The saturated and surface dry (SSD) condition were considered to be the most appropriate moisture level followed by wet, finally by dry. Thus, a proper surface preparation and moisture level are quite necessity in order to obtain better bonding at LMC overlay.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.337-350
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• 1998

The purpose of this' study was to compare surface roughness and morphologic changes after use of various plaque control devices to titanium implant surfaces. The study materials were 6 ITI titanium implants($Bonefit^{(R)}$) and 5 plaque control devices. 6 implants were divided into 6 different groups and instrumented by each plaque control devices as follows. 1) Group I : untreated control 2) Group II : Titanium curette(Titanium $curette^{(R)}$, 3i) 80 vertical/horizontal strokes 3) Group III : Plastic curette($Implacare^{(R)}$, Hu-Friedy) 80 vertical/horizontal strokes 4) Group N : Plastic tip-ultrasonic scaler($Amdent^{(R)}$, Amdent) 160 seconds 5) Group V : Rotating interdental brush($Identobrush^{(R)}$, Identoflex) 160 seconds 6) Group VI : Abrasive rubber cup polisher($Zircate^{(R)}$, Prophy paste, Dentsply) 160 sec-onds. All specimens were prepared for evaluation by surface roughness tester, optical stereomicroscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The Ra and Rt mean values of the tested specimens were 1) Group I ($Ra=0.170{\pm}0.007{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.297{\pm}0.016{\mu}m$) 2) Group II ($Ra=0.209{\pm}0.006{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.602{\pm}0.110{\mu}m$) 3) Group III ($Ra=0.179{\pm}0.001{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.429{\pm}0.055{\mu}m$) 4) Group IV ($Ra=0.182{\pm}0.005{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.511{\pm}0.085{\mu}m$) 5) Group V ($Ra=0.301{\pm}0.008{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.882{\pm}0.131{\mu}m$) 6) Group VI ($Ra=0.147{\pm}0.010{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.059{\pm}0.021{\mu}m$) In Ra values, experimental group II, V, VI were statistically significant different when compared with control. OM and SEM observation showed that experimental group III, IV were minimal changes when compared with control and group VI was smoothest among other experimental groups. The results suggested that plastic curette and plastic tip-ultrasonic scaler were predictable devices to titanium implant surface.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.235-245
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to review two recently reported, long-term studies of several chemical methods to control gingivitis and decalcification in adolescent orthodontic patients. The first study(gingivitis study) was designed to determine whether conventional toothbrushing and twice daily use of a brush-on 0.4 per cent $SnF_2$ gel containing more than 90 per cent available $Sn^{2+}$ would be more effective for controlling plaque accumulation and gingivitis in the presence of orthodontic appliances than conventional toothbrushing alone. The second study(decalcification study) was designed to compare the effectiveness of controlling decalcification in orthodontic patients with either a II00 ppm F tooth paste used alone, this same toothpaste and a 0.05 percent NaF rinse or this toothpaste and a 0.4 percent $SnF_2$ gel. In the gingivitis study, sixty-five consecutively treated adolescents who were to receive full-mouth fixed orthodontic appliances were assigned to two groups according to age and sex criteria. In the decalcification study an additional 30 subjects(95 total) were similarly assigned to a third group. The first group(control, n=35) used only toothbrushing with a standard fluoride(1100 ppm F) toothpaste. The second group used toothbrushing with a similar dentifrice supplemented with a 0.4 percent $SnF_2$ gel($SnF_2$ gel group, n=30) used twice daily for the entire 18-month study period. The third group(in the decalcification study only) used a similar toothpaste and 0.05 percent NaF rinse(NgF rinse group, n=30). Clinical assessments of plaque accumulation using the Plaque Index, gingival inflammation using the Gingival Index, and coronal staining were completed single-blinded before appliances were placed and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after appliances were placed. Decalcification was assessed single blind on all labial surfaces of all erupted teeth before appliances were placed and 3 months after appliances were removed. The results of the gingivitis study indicated that the $SnF_2$ gel gorup had significantly lower scores for the Plaque Index(p<0.01) and Gingival Index(p<0.001) at all examinations during orthodontic treatment than did the control group. In the $SnF_2$ gel group, one subject developed mild coronal staining and two subjects developed moderate staining. In the decalcification study, when pre-treatment levels of decalcification were subtracted from post-treatment values, significantly lower decalcification scores(p<0.05) were found for both whole mouth and first molars in the NaF rinse and gel groups as compared with the control gorup(toothpaste alone). Although the gel group consistently had less decalcification than the rinse group, this difference only approached statistical significance.