• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

본 연구는 구급대원의 외상성 스트레스, 사회적지지, 업무부담감과 대처형태를 알아보고 외상성스트레스와 적극적 대처에 영향을 주는 영향변수들을 알아보고자 하였다. 2009년 4~5월까지 중앙소방학교에서 교육 중인 전국과 C도에서 근무하는 구급대원들을 편의표집하여 총143부가 SPSS WIN 14.0 program을 이용하여 분석되었다. 외상성스트레스 검사는 Weiss(1997)가 다시 제작한 IES-R 도구를 사용하였고 최은숙(2000)이 수정, 개발한 업무부담감 측정도구와 오진환(2006)의 연구에서 수정 보완한 사회적 지지 측정도구와 이장호(1988)등의 연구에서 총 62문항으로 구성된 대처방식을 측정도구를 사용하여 분석하였다. 외상성스트레스 고위험군은 74명(51.7%)로 나타났고 일반적 특성에 따른 외상성스트레스 정도는 나이, 결혼, 학력, 직급에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 유의수준 p=0.000에서 고위험군이 외상성 스트레스의 모든 세 하위영역(t=20.25), 업무부담감(t=5.75), 소극적 대처(t=4.19)와 적극적 대처방법(t=5.61)에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 외상성스트레스와 주요변인간 상관관계는 유의수준 p=0.000에서 사회적 지지를 제외한 업무부담감(r=0.508), 적극적 대처(r=0.375), 소극적 대처(r=0.505)와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구급대원들의 외상성스트레스에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 업무 부담감(0.371)과 소극적 대처(0.366)로 나타났고 또한 외상성 스트레스 고위험군에 가장 영향을 주는 변수로도 업무 부담감(odds ratio=1.064, 95% 신뢰구간:1.031-1.103)과 소극적 대처(odds ratio=1.050, 95% confidence interval:1.022-1.080)로 나타나 일치하였다. 적극적 대처에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 외상성 스트레스(0.392)와 사회적지지(0.158)로 나타났다. 따라서 구급대원의 외상성 스트레스를 감소하기 위해 업무부담감을 줄이고 소극적 대처를 감소시키고 대신 사회적 지지를 높여 적극적 대처를 할 수 있는 정책적 대안이 필요하다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.127-142
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• 1999

There have been strong arguments that the best organizational type for the information society is a network organization which is intelligent and learning-oriented as well as has problem solving capacities rather than a traditional passive organization which strictly follows standard operating procedures. In this perspective, integrated information work environment emerges as attractive work environment for the 21st century. Integrated information work environment is defined as an integrated electronic environment that is available to and readily accessible be each employee and is structured to provide immediate, individualized on-line access to the full range of information, software, guidance, advice and assistance, data, images, tools, and assessment and monitoring systems to permit job performance with minimal support and intervention by others. Case study was performed to measure the productivity improvement by implementing integrated information work environment in life insurance company. The results show that there is a number of indications of strong work productivity improvements.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.299-304
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• 2001

The current study describes experimental and computational work on the passive control of the steady and unsteady condensation shock waves, which are generated in a transonic nozzle. The bleed slots are installed on the contoured wall of the transonic nozzle in order to control the magnitude of the condensation shock wave and its oscillations. For computations, a droplet growth equation is incorporated into the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation systems. Computations are carried out using a third-order MUSCL type TVD finite-difference scheme with a second-order tractional time step. Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model is employed to close the governing equations. An experiment using an indraft transonic wind tunnel is made to validate the computational results. The current computations represented well the experimental flows. From both the experimental and computational results it is found that the magnitude of the condensation shock wave in the bleed slotted nozzle is significantly reduced, compared with no passive control of solid wall. The oscillations of the condensation shock wave are successfully suppressed by a bleed slot system.

• 소음진동
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.313-325
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• 1995

Two active/passive vibration dampers were designed to control a cantilever beam first mode of vibration. The active element was a piezoelectric polymer, polyvinlidene fluoride (PVDF). The passive damping was provided by the application of a viscoelastic layer on the surface of the steel beam. Two substantially different damper configurations were designed and tested. One damper consisted of a piezoelectric actuator bonded to one face of the beam, with a viscoelastic layer applied to the other surface of the beam. The second one was composed of a layer viscoeastic layer with one surface bonded to the beam, and with other being constrained by nine piezoelectric actuators connected in parallel. A control law based on the sign of the angular velocity of the cantilever beam was implemented to control the beam first mode of vibration. The piezoelectric sensor output was digitally differentiated to obtain the transverse linear velocity, and its sign was used in the control algorith. Two dampers provided the system a damping increase of a factor of four for the first damper and three for the second damper. Both dampers were found to work well at low levels of vibration, suggesting that they can be used effectively to prevent resonant vibrations in flexible structure from initiating and building up.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1995년도 추계학술발표회논문집(1)
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• pp.358-363
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• 1995

A study on passive cooling systems for concrete containment of advanced pressurized water reactors has been performed. The proposed passive containment cooling system (PCCS) consist of (1) condenser units located inside containment, (2) a steam condensing pool outside containment at higher elevation, and (3) downcommer/riser piping systems which provide coolant flow paths. During an accident causing high containment pressure and temperature, the steam/air mixture in containment is condensed on the outer surface of condenser tubes transferring the heat to coolant flowing inside tubes. The coolant transfers the heat to the steam condensing pool via natural circulation due to density difference. This PCCS has the following characteristic: (1) applicable to concrete containment system, (2) no limitation in plant capacity expansion, (3) efficient steam condensing mechanism (dropwise or film condensation at the surface of condenser tube), and (4) utilization of a fully passive mechanism. A preliminary conceptual design work has been done based on steady-state assumptions to determine important design parameter including the elevation of components and required heat transfer area of the condenser tube. Assuming a decay power level of 2%, the required heat transfer area for 1,000MWe plant is assessed to be about 2,000 ㎡ (equivalent to 1,600 of 10 m-long, 4-cm-OD tubes) with the relative elevation difference of 38 m between the condenser and steam condensing pool and the riser diameter of 0.62 m.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.337-341
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• 1999

We have studied the stability and transdennal flux of prostaglandin $E_1\;(PGE_1)$ from various donor solutions through hairless mouse skin. Stability in HEPES buffer or in propylene glycol (PG) solution where enhancer (oleic acid (OA), propylene glycol monolaurate (PGML), transcutol (TC), ethanol (EtOH))s dissolved was investigated. $$PGE_1 was not stable in HEPES buffer. The concentration of $$PGE_1 decreased continuously for 7 days, and the degradation rate constant was $0.0028\;h^{-1}$, assuming first order reaction. The effect of current or penetration enhancer on the degradation was minimal. Percutaneous transport from HEPES buffer by passive or iontophoretic delivery without enhancer was close to nil. When OA or PGML was used together with PG, both passive and iontophoretic flux increased. PGML showed better enhancing effect than OA. Flux by cathodal delivery was about 2 times larger than that by passive delivery. Flux by anodal delivery was lower than that by passive delivery. TC and EtOH also increased the transdermal flux, but the effect was not as good as that observed when OA or PGML was used. These stability and flux data provide important information on how to formulate the patch, which will be the next step of this work, and on the polarity of current to use during iontophoresis.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to explore amount of time use for house work, leisure and extracurricular lesson used by adolescents and to explain its influencing factors. Tobit model was used to analyze the factors of time use because amount of time use was a limited continuous variable. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Amount of time used for house work per day by adolescents was found to be 36min. for weekdays and 64 min. for holidays. Amount of time used for passive leisure per day by adolescents was found to be 203min. for weekdays and 375 min. for holidays. Amount of time used for active leisure per day by adolescents was found to be 74 min. for weekdays and 194 min. for holidays. Amount of time used for extracurricular lesson per day by adolescents was found to be 96min. for weekdays and 36 min. for holidays. 2) Time use for house work was found to be significantly influenced by education status, education level of mother, job status of mother for weekdays and gender, education level of mother, job status of mother, household income for holidays. Time use for passive leisure was found to be significantly influenced by education status, small children at home for weekdays and gender, education status for holidays. Time use for active leisure was found to be significantly influenced by gender, education status for holidays, while there was no influencing factors for weekdays. Finally, time use for extracurricular lesson was found to be significantly influenced by gender, education status, household income for weekdays, and age, education level of mother for holidays.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2002

In this study, I analyzed single people time use and leisure behavior. I have compared patterns of time use of the single people who completed a survey for this study with the data from Time Use Survey(Korea National Statistics office, 1999). The survey participants included 160 single people who were thirty- to forty-years-old and who were living alone. The data from the Time Use Survey by NSO contained 2,004 married people cases and 30,155 unmarried individuals cases. The major findings are as follows: First, the single people who participated in this study were not especially anti-marriage; they simply have not been married yet and were living in a one-person household. Second, single people spent more time at work and less time for leisure and socializing than two comparative groups. Third, single people spent more time for household labor than other groups, and the only exception was the married female group. There was no gender difference in the time spent at household work Finally, single people tended to spend their leisure time with passive activities such as reading a newspaper or a magazine, watching television, and listening to the radio.

• 복식
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• 제25권
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• pp.233-247
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• 1995

The objectives of this study were to classify the contents of clothing involvement, to group elderly women into life style types. A method of this study was face to face re-search and questionnaire. Questionnaire was comprised of four sections : 18 Likert type items of clothing involvement measure ; 26 Likert type items of life style measure ; 3 items of clothing purchase measure ; and 3 demographic variables. Samples were 215 elderly women(60∼79 years of age) in Seoul, Korea. The data were analyzed using factor analy-sis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Dun-can's multiple range test,χ2 test. The results of the study were the follow-ings. 1. Four factors of clothing involvement derived by factor analysis : F.1 'clothing pleasure'; F.2 'clothing symbolism' ; F.3 'perceived risk in clothing purchase' ; F.4 'clothing interest'. 2. Four factors of life style derived by factor analysis : F.1 'active-leisure';F.2 'confidence oriented';F.3 'appearance interest';F.4 'house-work interest and community conciousness'. Three types of life style were defined by the cluster analysis of the 4 factors : T.1 'passive stag-nation'; T.3'outside activity'. 3. There were significant differences in clothing involvement factors according to life style types. Outside activity type perceived 'clothing pleasure' highest level among 3 life style types. Outside activity type and house-work and positive living type perceived 'cloth-ing symbolism' and 'clothing interest' higher level than did passive stagnation types. 4. Elderly women high in educational level were more distributed in outside activity type and the low in educational level in passive stagnation types. 5. There were significant relationships be-tween life style types and source of a clothing allowance, clothing purchase frequency, and a companion of dress store.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2013

현재 활용되고 있는 대부분의 BIM체계는 설계 및 시공단계의 작업 현상에 대한 시각적 정보제공에 초점을 두고 있는 수동형 BIM (Passive BIM) 운영체계이다. 수동형 BIM체계에서는 설계성과품의 간섭발생 부위를 3D객체에 의해 시각적으로 파악할 수 있으나, 추가적으로 간섭 상황의 해결방안을 제시하는 것은 곤란하다. 또한 시공단계 4D시뮬레이션도 일정별 시공형태의 표현은 가능하나, 프로젝트 공정조건을 고려한 최적화된 일정계획의 제시 등은 미흡한 수준이다. 그러나 최근 다양한 기관에서 BIM을 적용하면서 사용자의 BIM 요구수준은 이미 시각적 정보제공을 넘어서, 파악된 문제 현상의 해결방안까지 BIM으로 표현할 수 있는 능동형 BIM (Active BIM) 기능들을 요구하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 능동형 BIM의 개념적용을 위해 시공단계의 대표적 BIM 도구인 4D CAD시스템을 예로 하여 능동형 기능 구성방법론을 제시하고 독자적 개발엔진으로 시스템 구현을 시도하였다.