• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2011

Background: Adaptive support ventilation (ASV), an automated closed-loop ventilation mode, adapts to the mechanical characteristics of the respiratory system by continuous measurement and adjustment of the respiratory parameters. The adequacy of ASV was evaluated in the patients with acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: A total of 36 patients (19 normal lungs and 17 ALIs) were enrolled. The patients' breathing patterns and respiratory mechanics parameters were recorded under the passive ventilation using the ASV mode. Results: The ALI patients showed lower tidal volumes and higher respiratory rates (RR) compared to patients with normal lungs ($7.1{\pm}0.9$ mL/kg vs. $8.6{\pm}1.3$ mL/kg IBW; $19.7{\pm}4.8$ b/min vs. $14.6{\pm}4.6$ b/min; p<0.05, respectively). The expiratory time constant (RCe) was lower in ALI patients than in those with normal lungs, and the expiratory time/RCe was maintained above 3 in both groups. In all patients, RR was correlated with RCe and peak inspiratory flow ($r_s$=-0.40; $r_s$=0.43; p<0.05, respectively). In ALI patients, significant correlations were found between RR and RCe ($r_s$=-0.76, p<0.01), peak inspiratory flow and RR ($r_s$=-0.53, p<0.05), and RCe and peak inspiratory flow ($r_s$=-0.53, p<0.05). Conclusion: ASV was found to operate adequately according to the respiratory mechanical characteristics in the ALI patients. Discrepancies with the ARDS Network recommendations, such as a somewhat higher tidal volume, have yet to be addressed in further studies.

• 태양에너지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1982

The Solar Energy R&D Department of KIER under the auspice of the Korean government is pushing hard on the development of the passive solar technology with high priority for the expeditious widespread use of solar energy in Korea, since the past few years of experiences told us that the active solar technology is not yet ready for massive commercialization in Korea. KIER has completed the construction of the Solar Energy Research & Test Center in Seoul, which houses the major facilities for its all solar test programs. The Center was designed as a passive solar building with great emphasis on the energy conserving ideas. The Center is not only the largest passive building in Korea, but also the exhibit center for the effective demonstration of the passive heating and cooling technology to the Korean public. The Center was designed to satisfy the requirements based on the technical and economical criteria set by the KIER. Careful considerations, therefore, were given in depth in the following areas to meet the requirements. 1) Passive Heating Concepts The Center employed the combination of direct and indirect gain system. The shape of the Center is Balcomb House style, and it included a large built-in sunspace in front. A partition, consists of transparent and translucent glazings, separates the sunspace and the living space. Since most activities in the Center occur during the day time, direct utilization of the solar energy by the living spaces was emphasized with the limited energy storage capacity. 2) Passive Cooling Concepts(for Summer) Natural ventilation concept was utilized throughout the building. In the direct gain portion of the system, the front glazing can be openable during the cooling season. Natural convection scheme was also applied to the front sunspace for the Summer cooling. Reflective surfaces and curtains were utilized wherever needed. 3) Auxiliary Heat ing and Cooling System As an auxiliary cooling system, mechanical means(forced convection system) were adopted. Therefore forced air heating system was also used to match the duct work requirements of the auxiliary cool ing system. 4) Effect ive Insulation & Others These included the double glazed windows, the double entry doors, the night glazing insulation, the front glazing-frame insulation as well as the building skin insulation. All locally available construction materials were used, and natural lightings were provided as much as possible. The expected annual energy savings (compared to the non-insulated conventional building)of the Center was estimated to be about 80%, which accounts for both the energy conservation and the solar energy source. The Center is being instumented for the actual performance tests. The experimental results of the simplified tests are discussed in this paper.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2017

이 연구에서는 Passive sampler를 이용하여 연구대상으로 선정된 2곳의 유물 전시관 내부의 폼알데하이드 농도를 2012년 5월부터 2013년 4월까지 1년간 공간별로 모니터링 하였다. 이 결과, 유물 전시관 내부의 폼알데하이드 농도는 외기에 비해 5배~36배 이상 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 각 전시실과 진열장 내부는 오염원, 공기조화설비, 환경관리에 따라 농도 수준을 달리하였다. 유물 전시관 내 폼알데하이드 농도 수준을 주시험법에 준하여 보정한 결과, 대부분이 환경부의 실내공기질 관리법에서 고시하는 전시실 유지기준($100{\mu}g/m^3$) 뿐만 아니라 일본 국립동경박물관에서 권고하는 문화재 보존환경 기준(약 $50{\mu}g/m^3$)을 모두 초과하였다. 전시실과 진열장 내 폼알데하이드의 농도는 모두 여름>가을>봄>겨울 순으로 높았으며 온 습도가 높은 여름철에 농도 방출량이 증가하였다. 온 습도환경 변화에 따른 폼알데하이드의 농도는 모두 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 온도의 경우 $R^2$값이 0.8~0.9의 범위로 폼알데하이드 농도가 습도에 비해 온도에 대한 의존 경향이 큰 것을 알 수 있다. 유물 전시관 내 폼알데하이드 방출 특성 분석은 실내공기질을 개선하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 1994년도 학술발표대회논문집 하
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• pp.31-38
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• 1994

The purpose of paper is to suggest directions of sustainable Architecture for dwelling planning. It deals with foreign example regading recycling Architecture in the point of using natural reources and energy effectively and minimizing environmental wastes. The methods which can be applied to Korean dwelling planning are as follows : 1) To use the underground space of apartments as pubilc energy-saving facility 2) To use conservatory passive solar systems at south-facing balconies of apartments 3) To flow daylight into the staircase of single-family house 4) To construct compactly doors and windows which have high-level insulation with high insulated walls and ventilation systems 5) To recycle materials such as steel, wood and soil 6) To recycle space according to the change of uses 7) To make users participate actively when we plan for dwelling.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 1995

The purpose of paper is to suggest directions of sustainable Architecture for dwelling planning. It deals with foreign examples regarding recycling Architecture in the point of using natural resources and enerty effectively and minimizing environmental wastes. The methods which can be applied to Korean dwelling planning are as follows : 1) To use the underground space of apartments as public energy-saving facility 2) To use conservatory passive solar systems at south-facing balconies of apartments 3) To flow daylight into the staircase fo single-family house 4) To construct compactly doors and windows which have high-level insulation with high insulated walls and ventilation systems 5) To recycle materials such as steel. wood and soil 6) To recycle space according to the change of uses 7) To make users participate actively when we plan for dwelling.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2016

A retractable-roof spatial structure is frequently used for a stadium and sports hall. A retractable-roof spatial structure allows natural lighting, ventilation, optimal conditions for grass growth with opened roof. It can also protects users against various weather conditions and give optimal circumstances for different activities. Dynamic characteristics of a retractable-roof spatial structure is changed based on opened or closed roof condition. A tuned mass damper (TMD) is widely used to reduce seismic responses of a structure. When a TMD is properly tuned, its control performance is excellent. Opened or closed roof condition causes dynamic characteristics variation of a retractable-roof spatial structure resulting in off-tuning. This dynamic characteristics variation was investigated. Control performance of a passive TMD and a smart TMD were evaluated under off-tuning condition.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

After the 1884 Home Insurance building in Chicago and 1889 Tower building in New York, 15 Park Row became the tallest building in the USA in 1899 and it held this record for nine years. Completed just before the arrival of the 20^th century, this building deserves to be recognized for the sophistication of its architecture with respect to contextual understanding of the 19^th century historic texture in Lower Manhattan, its uniquely economical floor plans, and its use of natural ventilation and daylight. The compositional techniques using the proportional analysis of its context reflect the highest level of architectural education of its time by its architect Robert H. Robinson. In addition, it also offers a unique glimpse to the state-of-the-art technology of its time regarding its structure, its use of movement systems that was capable of serving 4000 users.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2000

The purpose of this work was to document the conditions regarding organic solvent exposure to the workers in paint industry. Air concentrations of organic solvents were measured by passive personal samplers and analyzed by a gas chromatography. Urine samples for hippuric test were also taken from 330 workers who have worked at seven domestic factories for more than two years. Amongst 25 organic elements detected in the indoor environment of working places, toluene was the most common element, and methanol showed the highest mean concentration(18.2ppm). A few elements including methylethyl ketone and toluene partially exceeded the Korean Permissible Exposure Limit. A lack of environmental facilities such as exhaust ventilation, automatic cleaning system, and personal safety devices at present work plaus brings about various occupational diseases.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.814-819
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• 2006

This research is on the design and introducing of integrated thermal performance of super energy saying building, called 3 Liter house which can be sustained with 3 liter oil(kerosene) per $yr.m^2$. 3 liter houses(Passive houses) offer extended living comfort with only 15 to 20% of the space heating demand of conventional new building. To achieve this purpose, the efficiency of building components is improved, such as walls, windows or ventilation system and the construction technology is improved, such as the prevention of thermal bridge and the air tightness. The fuel cell is used as alternative energy. Energy consumption of 3L house is 2.08 [liter/$yr.m^2$] in monitoring result of $2006/2/1{\sim}2/7$ and ACH50 is 0.67 in result of Blow Door Test, therefore 3L House is well- insulated and well- airtighted house.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.208-217
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• 2011

Recently the importance of the elderly facilities and the eco-friendly buildings is on the rise, due to the rapid increase of the aged population and the more and more serious global environment issues, respectively. Thus, the purpose of this study is to suggest an eco-environmental improvement plan which aims to improve the quality of life for the aged in planning nursing homes hereafter by reviewing the theory of the eco-friendly architectural concept and the same conceptual design, which become the issues of late, and thus analyzing the state of applying the eco-friendly design techniques to the municipal nursing homes located in Seoul. In this study its direction of the eco-friendly design required in nursing homes was established by reviewing the characteristics which the aged and nursing homes may have, and thus extracting the elements required for the quality of life for them. The theoretical studies showed that the environment-friendly natural elements necessary for the nursing houses are light, air and plants, from which three design elements are obtained: daylighting, natural ventilation and natural landscape. In conclusion, the eco-friendly nursing homes must be planned to improve the quality of life for the aged by recognizing that the eco-friendly architecture concept, emerged as a new paradigm, is the one to be put before all the considerations for those who are sensitive to the environment, and thus reviewing the characteristics found out from them.