• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.825-830
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• 2006

Status of blood minerals and their absorption by neonate calves as influenced by fat soluble vitamins supplementation in their respective mothers, mineral supplementation in calves themselves has been evaluated. The objective was to know the impact of antioxidant vitamin supplementation to advance pregnant buffaloes, on enhanced acquired immunity during first few hours after birth, in relation to weight gain in buffalo calves. Advance pregnant buffaloes (n = 30) consisting of average body weight of $550{\pm}15$ kg and of 4-6 parity were fed on 25 kg green (green Jawar-Sorghum bicolor), 2-3 kg wheat straw and 3-4 kg concentrate mixture individually per day. Intramuscular injections of vitamin triplex A $D_3$ E consisting of -2,500,000 IU of vit A -Palmitate; 2,500,000 IU of vitamin $D_3$ and 1,000 IU of vit E (dl-alpha tocopherol acetate) were given per dose, a month prior to parturition, twice at 15 days interval to 15 dams. Rest of the 15 pregnant buffaloes served as negative controls. Secretion of immune proteins, immunoglobulin (Ig) enhanced by 80% in colostrum. The blood serum levels of Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg were measured from birth to 90 days in calves. A significant (p<0.05) difference between the blood serum Zn levels of calves born to vitamin supplemented and non-supplemented dams was measured and a positive correlation between blood serum Zn levels and injections of vitamins was identified. Association of Zn and Cu with passive immunity status has been identified in these calves. A significant positive correlation between Zn and Cu was also identified which showed a change under the impact of vitamin supplementation in buffaloes. The study signifies the role of micronutrients supplementation in dams prior to parturition, in calf immunity development. The study indicates significant mineral - vitamins interactions during this process.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.569-577
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• 1996

This study was performed to determine the effect of maternal protein intake on 1) the concentration of immune substances in milk 2) degree of passive immunity to pups via lactation, and 3) specific antibody production to a specific antigen, $\beta$-lactoglobulin(BLG). 4) the effect of passive immunity that pups received from mother during lactation on the production of antibodies when the pups were challenged to the same antigen. Part of the female rats were immunized with BLG before and during pregnancy. The pregnant rats were placed into either 25% or 10% isolated soy protein diet throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, pups from each group continued to be fed the same diet. At 18 weeks of age, all the pups were challenged with BLG. Total IgA and IgG, lysozyme, BLG-specific IgA and IgG were measured in dam's serum, dam's milk, and pup's serum. Total IgG, and lysozyme in dam's serum and milk were higher in high protein group. Total IgA and IgG in pup's serum remained higher in high protein group from 5 to 18 weeks of age. BLG-specific antibodies were found in the milk and serum of immunized dams, and in serum of pups born to immunized dams but not in the non-immunized group. BLG-specific IgA and IgG were again higher in high protein group and declined with time. The concentration decreased faster in the low proetein group than in the high protein groups. After immunization the pups with LBG, serum BLG-specific antibodies were not differ between rats born to immunized dams and those born to non-immunized dams. Therefore passive immunity rats received via milk as a pup had no effect on the BLG-specific antibody production later in life. This study shows the importance of protein status of mother and strongly support to the endorsement of breast feeding.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1988

Naegleria fowleri로 면역된 마우스 비장세포를 이입(이입)함으로써 원발성 아메바성 수막 뇌염의 발생을 방어할 수 있는지 즉 방어면역을 피동적으로 전달할 수 있는지를 관찰하였다. 무균 배양한 N. fowleri, ITMAP 359 영 양형 7×l04개를 생후 6주된 ICR 마우스에 감염시켰다. 살아있는 N. fowleri 영양형 106개씩을 1주일 간격으로 3회 복강내로 주입시켜 면역시켰다. 면역시킨 마우스의 비장을 적출하여 107개의 비장세포가 함유된 부유액을 마우스 복강내로 주입시키고 3일 후 N, fowleri를 감염시켰다. 비장세포에 Con. A와 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)를 처리한 후 배자발생 정도를 methyl-[3H]-thymidine을 사용하여 측정하였다. N. fowleri를 감염시킨 마우스의 사망률을 보면 정상 비장세포를 주입시킨 실험대조군에서 84%, 면역 비장세포를 주입시킨 실험군에서 72%로서, 정상 대조군에서의 사망률 100%에 비해 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 면역된 비장세포를 주입시킨 실험군에서 LPS를 처리한 비장세포의 배자발생정도는 감염 7일 후 실험대조군이나 정상대조군에 비해 증가되어 있었고, Con. A처리에 의한 배자발생 정도도 감염 7일 후 증가되어 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 혈청내 항체가는 감염 12일 후 정상 대조군에 비해 실험군과 실험대조군에서 높았다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 1989

The effects of the serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels of the colostrumconferred Korean native calves at 2 days of age on the disease incidence during the suckling period were studied. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. Serum total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, and IgM levels of 6 Korean native claves died from septicemia were lower than those of calves survived (p<0.05). 2. Korean native calves having low serum total protein and immunoglobulins were affected with diarrhea earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (p<0.05). 3. Korea native calves having low serum total protein were affected with bronchopneumonia earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (p<0.05). 4. Korean native calves having low serum neutralizing antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus had high incidence rate of BVD, when compared with calves having high serum neutralizing antibody titers (p<0.05).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.581-593
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• 2014

Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii is widespread globally and causes severe diseases in individuals with impaired immune defences as well as congenitally infected infants. The high prevalence rate in some parts of the world such as South America and Africa, coupled with the current drug treatments that trigger hypersensitivity reactions, makes the development of immunotherapeutics intervention a highly important research priority. Immunotherapeutics strategies could either be a vaccine which would confer a pre-emptive immunity to infection, or passive immunization in cases of disease recrudescence or recurrent clinical diseases. As the severity of clinical manifestations is often greater in developing nations, the development of well-tolerated and safe immunotherapeutics becomes not only a scientific pursuit, but a humanitarian enterprise. In the last few years, much progress has been made in vaccine research with new antigens, novel adjuvants, and innovative vaccine delivery such as nanoparticles and antigen encapsulations. A literature search over the past 5 years showed that most experimental studies were focused on DNA vaccination at 52%, followed by protein vaccination which formed 36% of the studies, live attenuated vaccinations at 9%, and heterologous vaccination at 3%; while there were few on passive immunization. Recent progress in studies on vaccination, passive immunization, as well as insights gained from these immunotherapeutics is highlighted in this review.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 1993

병원성 자유생활아메바인 Aconaamoebonensoni로 면역된 어미 마우스로부터 태어난 새끼 마우스를 다시 면역시켰을 때, 어미로부터 받은 수동면역이 새끼 마우스의 능동면역 시행시 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 관찰하고자 수막뇌염 발생에 따른 사망률, 혈청내 항체가 측정 및 세포 분리분석기를 이용하여 T세포 아형을 측정하였다. A. culbertsoni 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^6$개로 3회 면역된 어미 마우스로부터 수동면역을 전달받은 2-3주령의 새끼 마우스와 수동면역을 받지 않은 2-3 주령의 새끼 마우스를 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^6$개로 2회 면역하였을 때 혈청내 항체가는 같은 주령의 면역 을 시키지 않은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 수동면역을 받은 군과 받지 않은 군간의 혈청내 항체가는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$개를 감염시켰을 때 사망률을 관찰한 결과 수동면역을 전달받은 군은 면역을 받지 않은 군과는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 수동면역을 받지 않은 군보다는 유의하게 높았다. T세포의 아형 중, $Ly2^{+}$ T세포는 어미로부터 수동면역을 전달받은 군이 수동면역을 받지 않은 군이나 면역을 시키지 않은 군에 비해 더 높은 비율로 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 수동면역을 받은 부비주령의 새끼 마우스를 같은 방법으로 면역한 군과 대조군을 비교힌 결과, 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$개로 감염시켰을 때 사망률은 차이가 없었다. 따라서 면역된 어미로부터 태어난 새끼를 다시 능동면역하였을 때, 능동면역에 따른 항체가의 변동은 관찰할 수 없었으나 억제 T세포는 증가하였으며, 능동면역 시기에 따라 면역조절이 다르게 발현됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2016

We investigated whether maternal antibodies (mAbs) elicited by dams immunized with recombinant vaccine candidates against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can passively confer protective immunity to chicks. In the present study, pBP244 plasmids carrying selected antigens of APEC were transformed into Salmonella Typhimurium JOL912, which was used as a vaccine candidate against APEC. The hens were immunized with the vaccine candidates using prime or booster doses. The levels of IgG and sIgA specific to the selected antigens increased significantly following prime immunization. To evaluate the persistence of passively transferred mAbs, the levels of IgY and IgA were determined in egg yolks and whites, respectively. The eggs from the immunized group showed consistently increased levels of IgY and IgA until week 16 post-laying (PL) and week 8 PL, respectively, relative to the control group. The presence of mAbs was observed in chicks that hatched from the hens, and titers of plasma IgY were consistently raised in those from the immunized hens by day 14 post-hatching. Further, chicks from the immunized hens were protected from challenge with a virulent APEC strain, whereas those from non-immunized hens showed acute mortality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.952-956
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• 2011

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of passive transfer status, determined by measuring serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration 24 hours after parturition, on growth performance in buffalo calves allowed to nurse the dam during the first month of life. Serum Ig concentration 24 hours after birth ranged from 28.1 to 35.9 mg/ml, birth weight ranged from 29 to 41 kg, body weight 30 days after birth ranged from 48.5 to 62.9 kg. The Average Daily Gain (ADG) from birth to day 30 ranged from 448 to 1,089 g/d. Significant linear associations were detected between serum Ig concentration 24 hours after birth and day-30 weight (p< 0.05; $R^2$ = 0.31) and between serum Ig concentration 24 hours after birth and ADG from birth to day 30 (p<0.001; $R^2$ = 0.72). Results indicated that passive transfer status was a significant source of variation in growth performance when buffalo calves nursed the dam. Maximizing passive transfer of immunity by allowing calves to nurse the dam can increase growth performance during the first month of life.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2020

이 연구는 최초의 국내 말에서 수동면역부전을 다룬 것이다. 이 연구의 목적은 건강한 말과 아픈 말의 면역상태를 비교하는 것이다. 수동면역부전은 말에서 가장 흔한 면역결핍질환이다. 아픈말 22 마리와 건강한 말 18 마리를 검사키트(SNAP Foal IgG Test Kit)를 이용하여 수동면역부전을 진단하였다. 모든 성마는 정상적인 면역기능을 가지고 있었다(≥800 mg/㎗). 신생망아지는 22 마리 중 13 마리(59%; ∠800 mg/㎗)가 면역기능이 취약하였지만 치료 후 회복하여 생존하였다. 이 22 마리 중 9 마리는 면역기능이 강한 말(≥ 800 mg/㎗)로 혈중 IgG농도가 높아도 감염성 질환이 발생할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 폐사망아지는 모두 6 마리였고, 그중 4 마리는 감염성 질환이었다. 신생망아지 면역상태 검사를 통한 감염취약 정도의 조기진단 및 대응방안 마련으로 경주자원 활용율 제고와 보건관리 기술향상을 도모할 수 있다. 또한, 신생망아지의 감염성질환 조기 파악으로 향후 육성마의 체계적인 보건관리방안 마련에 일조할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 1993

Cryptosporidium의 sporozoite에 대한 단클론항체(C6B6 C4Al)와 merozoite에 대한 단클론항체(Cmg-3)를 크립토스포리디움 오오시스트로 감염시킨, 생후 괄일된 생쥐에 4일 혹은 8일간 경구 투여하여 크립토스포리디움 감염에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 투여는 Cmg-3만으로, 혹은 C6B6, C4A1, Cmg-3를 함께 섞은 것으로, 그리고 식염수로 실행하였다. p < 0.05 수준에서 항체투여를 받은 것과 받지 않은 그룹 사이에 현격한 차이가 관찰되었다. Crng-3 한개만으로 투여하였을 때는 4일간 투여하였을 때만 효과가 있었던 반면, 3개의 단클론항체를 함께 투여하였을 때는 4일간. 8일간 모두 기생충의 증식을 현격히 감소시켰다. 이것은 경구투여된 항체가 장내에 기생하는 크립토스포리디움의 증식을 억제한 것을 보여주는 것이며 크립토스포리디움증에 대한 치료약이 없는 상황에서 치료법 개발에 새로운 접근 방법을 제시한다고 판단된다.