• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.539-549
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• 2016

This study analyzed ship's passing characteristics in relation with incoming and outgoing routes in Yeosu Gwangyang Port, and examined the risk factors and measures for safety management of marine traffic. The number of passing ships in Yeosu Gwangyang Port was about 60,000 ships annually based on 2014, and the tonnage rose 73% from 447,000 thousand tons in 2005 to 770,000 thousand tons in 2014. Actually, the number of large passing ships was revealed to enormously increase. As a result of marine traffic survey in Yeosu Gwangyang Port for three days in August 2015, daily average passing ships were 408 ships, and 77% of the total passing ships passed between 04:00 and 20:00. The chemical ships and general cargo ships took up the most at 58% of the total incoming and outgoing ships, followed by other work ships at 21%, tankers at 8%, fishing vessels at 7.5% and container ships at 5.5%. Concerning the size of passing ships, ships less than 1,000 tons accounted for 58.6% of the total passing ships. Ships of 1,000-5,000 tons were 20.1%, and those of 5,000-10,000 tons were 6.8%, and more than 10,000 tons were 14.4%. Especially, ships of 500 tons and less using mainly coastal passing routes took up 49% of the total passing ships. As for ship's passage ratio by route, Nakpo sea area where many routes meet accounted for 27.2%, specified area 49%, costal route 8%, specified area's incoming and outgoing sea area around Daedo 4.5%, and Dolsan coastal ara and Kumhodo sea area 8.5%. The number of ships standing by for anchoring in the six designated anchorages was 230 for three days. The standby rate for anchoring was 25% based on the specified area passing ships. In Nakpo sea area, where many routes meet, parallel passing and cross passing between ships occurred the most frequently. In the specified area, many cases, in which incoming and outgoing cargo ships at the starting and ending parts and incoming and outgoing work ships and fishing vessels at the coastal routes cross, took place. Consequently, the following measures are urgently needed: active passing management in the Nakpo sea area, where passing routes are complex, specified areas and costal traffic routes, the elimination of rocks in the route close to Myodo, an effort to improve routes including shallow depth area dredging, and rational safety management for small work ships frequently incoming and outgoing the passing routes of large ships, and fishing vessels operated in the sea areas around those passing routes.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

지난 22년 동안의 선박 통항자료와 2015년부터 2017년까지 3년 동안 매년 72시간씩 실시간 선박 통항량 조사를 통해 여수광양항의 해상교통량의 장기변동과 출입항로에 대한 통항특성을 분석하였다. 2017년도 기준으로, 여수광양항의 선박 통항척수는 약 66,000척이며, 선복량은 약 804,564천톤으로 1996년도 189,906천톤에 비해 400 % 이상 증가하였고 위험화물 물동량은 140,000천톤으로 1996년에 비해 250 % 이상 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 실시간 선박 통항량 조사결과, 1일 평균 통항 선박은 357척이며 통항로 이용율은 낙포해역이 28.1 %, 특정해역이 43.8 %, 연안통항로와 돌산연안 및 금오도 수역이 6.8 %로 동일하였다. 다수의 항로가 만나는 낙포해역은 선박간의 병항 및 교차항행이 가장 빈번했으며, 특정해역도 주변의 연안통항로에서 소형 작업선들이 다수 진출입하여 대형 선박과 교차되는 경우가 자주 발생하였다. 화물선박의 묘박지 투묘 대기율은 약 24 % 정도였으며, 케미컬선, 유조선 등의 위험화물 선박의 야간 통항율은 약 20 %에 달하였다. 여수광양항의 선박 통항량은 매년 증가하지만 선박 통항로는 과거와 큰 차이가 없기에 사고의 위험이 상존한다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 다수의 항로가 중첩되어 통항 선박간의 사고 위험이 높은 제1항로 ~ 제4항로의 준설 및 항로 확장, 항로 부근 암초 제거, 항로표지 보강 등 항로 여건을 우선적으로 개선할 필요가 있다. 또한 위험성이 높은 항만의 진출입 시간과 위험화물 선박의 통항시간을 일부 제한할 수 있도록 항행규칙을 개정할 필요가 있으며, 연안통항로를 이용하는 소형 선박들의 통항관리를 적극적으로 시행할 수 있도록 VTS체계의 고도화가 요구된다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.677-689
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• 2013

Recently, the supplying of basic materials for construction of building as sand is big issues due to lack of shoreside supply. For solving this problem, many suppliers attempt to gather aggregate from the sea bottom of the EEZ & west coastal area of Korea. In this regard, the 'Jangantoe' which exists in the westside of the Daesan port is worth noticing as good seasand supplying areas. The Chungnam Aggregate Association have plan to gather of seasand from 'Gaduckdo 5 regions & Igok 3 regions' which lies westside about 6 miles off from the Jangantoe areas. This designated area also locates upper parts of the Gadaeam TSS(Traffic Separation Scheme) which is very useful passing routes for the sailing vessels of Inchon & Daesan ports. In this study, the evaluation of the safety for passing vessels in the vicinity of the seasand gathering area was performed by various methods of radar observations & GICOMS AIS data for marine traffics and vessel traffic-flow simulation of the 'Marine Traffic Safety Diagnostic Scheme'. By the results of this evaluation, I suggested comprehensive countermeasures for the safety of passing vessels in the near the seasand gathering area.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology to estimate level of service of arterial including Exclusive Median Bus Lanes. METHODS : On 6 Exclusive Median Bus Lanes routes in Seoul, bus travel time and number of bus-stop per km were investigated. Also whether or not passing lane exists at bus-stop was checked. Based on the data from sites, bus travel time was estimated according to length of segment, number of bus-stop per km and whether or not passing lane exists at bus-stop. RESULTS : A bus travel time table was developed according to length of segment, number of bus-stop per km and whether or not passing lane exists at bus-stop. After bus travel speed and passenger car travel speed is estimated based on each travel time table and length of segment, two speeds are combined with weighted average speed using traffic volume of each lane group. Then weighted average speed is a measure of effectiveness of arterial including Exclusive Median Bus Lanes. CONCLUSIONS : It can be concluded that the proposed methodology can estimate level of service of arterial including Exclusive Median Bus Lanes considering the operation characteristics of Exclusive Median Bus Lanes.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.233-242
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• 1998

The Inchon port has been heavily congested due to the tidal restriction in passing the lock and the shortage of berths or warehouses. The current congestion is predicted to become worse by the induced traffics near the lock entrance after completion of North harbour expansion and of Kyung-In canal construction. It is also expected that the newly developed configuration of the Inchon port will result in increasing the rate of marine accidents around the lock entrance because of the over-utilization of the limited capacity of the junction from the North harbour and the Kyung-In canal. This study adopts a systematic approach in analysing the physical distribution system of the inner-lock area in order to figure out alternative routes which are designed to improve the port efficiency. Ship maneuvering simulation is also attempted to propose a new approaching route to the canal as an alternative path in order to avoid the traffic accidents caused by the extreme congestion. The result of the ship maneuvering simulation demonstrates that the alternative routes by way of Buk-Sudo, Janbong-Sudo, north of Si-Do and Sin-Do is recommended routes which can satisfy the safety requirements of approaching to the canal entrance.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2017

Transportation plays a vital role in sustainable development, and moreover, bulk transportation provides cost effective movement of goods and human beings with less environmental issues. Nepal is a developing country with increasing urbanization and transportation demands. The growing interest of China to connect with Southeast Asia through Nepal has led to ambitious project proposal of Rasuwa Gadhi to Birgunj Railways, which is the shortest route from China to India. Lack of updated geospatial data has lead the concerned authorities in Nepal to be dependent on analysis and proposals from donor nations. Taking such considerations, based on GIS and free data, this study explores optimal routes to connect cites using slope and land cover. Based on reclassified slope, two shortest optimal routes were found. One passing through Baireni in Dhading and another through Kathmandu towards Birgunj with length of around 172 Kilometers. The study shows that available open source data can be used of preliminary feasibility studies and yet shows limitations for detailed economy based planning. Development and use of high resolution updated geospatial data is of high necessity for Nepal to become self-sustained in planning of development works.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.3-6
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of exhibition circulation through the movement pattern. It looks into the factoers under the influence with the visitor's movement. The method of analysis of investigation by following after visitors. The viewing behavioral of exhibition based on the time, speed, proportion of appreciation is classfied into three types of the profound, the general, the passing viewers. The characteristics of the viewing form of these patterns largely depend on the space elements which are the structure form. And particularly the position of exit, the width of exhibition space and the connection of exhibition space stand out the disparity of the factor of the spatial structure These three patterns bring about a lot of encounter in the exhibition space according to the difference of these routes consequently. So appropriate to the each pattern can offer visitors to more effective environment of exhibition.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 시내버스 준공영제 제도 아래에서 효율적인 시내버스 노선 운영 개선 방안을 도모하기 위해 버스 노선의 유형별 적정 서비스 제공 수준을 결정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 시내버스 준공영제 특성을 반영하는 공공성 개념을 도입하고, 수익성과 잠재성을 동시에 고려하여 시내버스의 노선 유형을 분류하는 방법을 제안하였다. 이 같은 노선 유형 분류 방법을 활용하여 부산에서 실제 운행되고 있는 시내버스 113개 노선을 8개 유형으로 분류하였고, 노선연장, 운행횟수, 도심통과 유무 등 9개의 노선별 운행특성을 고려하여 유형별 시내버스 노선 운영 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 버스 노선의 운영 개선 방안을 도출함에 있어, 9개의 노선별 운행특성자료를 주성분 분석으로 3가지 운행특성 자료로 축약하여 비교 검토함으로써 유형별 시내버스 노선의 운영 개선 방안을 보다 효과적으로 도출할 수 있었다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.423-433
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• 2000

Nowadays LNG has been beginning to take the place of petroleum as fuel all over the world and VLCC of LNG will take the same sea routes that had been used by VLCC tankers of petroleum in the last part of the 20th century. The transportation of LNG by a VLCC include more dangerous nature of sea peril than that of petroleum. We already know the dimensions of a disaster a LNG tanker could bring about in the case of the LNG tanker, Yuyo-Maru No. 10 in the Tokyo Bay of Japan in 1974. From the point of safety when we construct a LNG base or LNG pier in the base, the appropriate government authority and constructing company had better take sea pilots or some ships handling experts to participate in a prior consultation of the design of the project. A G/T 100,000 ton LNG base and pier were completed in November of 1996 in Inchon harbour in Korea and VLCC of LNG of G/T 100,000 ton class have been entering into the base ever since. This study was started and completed In comply with the requisition of the Sea Pilot Association of Inchon harbour in advance of the opening of the LNG base. As the entrance and exit channels leading to Inchon harbour were constructed in the years of 1930s, it was one of the most pressing works for Inchon sea pilots in 1996 to certify the method of safe passing maneuvering of a G/T 100,000 ton of LNG tanker through the Pudo narrow channel prior to commencing actual piloting of the VLCC of LNG. The authors made some mathematical models computing maneuvering of a vessel changing her course with her control surface through a narrow channel and computed maneuvering of a G/T 100,000 ton of LNG tanker and also made maneuvering simulations of the vessel by a desk-top simulator. The results of computations and simulations are well coincided with each other in qualitative aspects to assure safe passing of the VLCC of LNG.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2000년도 Proceeding of CIN-KIN Joint Symposium 2000 on M.E.T. Under STCW 78/95 and SINO-KOREA MARITIME CONTACT IN MID-CENTURIES
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• pp.115-155
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• 2000

Nawadays LNG has been beginning to take the place of petroleum as fuel all over the world and VLCC tankers of LNG will take the same sea routes that had been used by VLCC tankers of petroleum in the last pat of he 20th century. The transportation of LNG by a VLCC include more dangerous nature of sea peril than that of petroleum. We already know the dimensions of a disaster a LNG tanker could bring about in the case of the LNG tanker, Yuyo-Maru No. 10 in the Tokyo Bay of Japan in 1974. From the point of safety when we construct a LNG base or LNG pier in the base, the appropriate government authority and constructing company had better take sea pilots or some ships handling experts to participate in a prior consultation of the design of the project. A G/T 100,000 ton LNG base and pier were completed in November of 1996 in Inchon harbour in Korea and LNG VLCC tankers of G/T 100,000 ton class have been entering into the base ever since. This study was started and completed to comply with the requisition of the Sea Pilot Association of Inchon harbour in advance of the opening of the LNG base. As the entrance and exit channels leading to Inchon harbour were constructed in the years of 1930s, it was one of the most pressing works for Inchon sear pilots in 1996 to certify the method of safe passing maneuvering of a G/T 100,000 ton LNG tanker through the Pudo narrow channel prior to commercing actual piloting of the LNG VLCC tanker. The author made some mathematical models computing maneuvering of a vessel changing her course with her control surface through a narrow channel and computed maneuvering of a G/T 100,000 ton LNG tanker and also made maneuvering simulations of the vessel by a desk-top simulator. The results of computations and simulations are well coincided with each other in qualitative aspects to assure safe passing of the LNG VLCC.