• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

자동차용 CVT로서 여러 가지 장치가 연구되고 있으나 크게 나누어 다음의 5가지, 1)유압식 변속 기(hydrostatic transmission), 2)오버런닝 클러치(overrunning clutch CVT), 3) 전기식 CVT, 4)미 끄럼 클러치식 치차변속기(multispeed gearbox CVT with shipping clutch), 5)트랙션 전달장치(t raction drive)로 볼 수 있다. 이중 지금까지 자동차에 실제 적용되어 가장 큰 가능성을 보인 것 은 트랙션 전달장치 뿐이다. 따라서 본문에서는 1)-4)의 4가지 형태의 CVT에 대하여 간단히 서 술하고 트랙션 전달장치를 중심으로 설명하기로 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.107-116
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• 2011

In this paper, we implement an algorithm of transit signal priority control that not only maximizes service quality and efficiency of bus, but also minimizes the control delay of passenger cars using UTIS currently being deployed and operated in Seoul national capital area. For this purpose, we propose an algorithm that coordinates the strength of TSP by estimating bus demand. Typically, the higher the strength of TSP is on main street, the bigger the control delay is on the cross street. Motivated by this practical difficulty, we proposes an algorithm that coordinates TSP's strength by checking the degree of saturation of cross street. Also, we verify the possibility of field implementation via simulation analysis using CORSIM RTE based HILS (Hardware In the Loop Simulation). The result shows that travel time of bus improves about 10 percent without increasing control delay of passenger cars by TSP. We expect the result of this research to contribute to increasing the overall transit ridership in this country.

• Composites Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.386-391
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• 2013

In this paper, a carbon fiber/epoxy composite-aluminum hybrid wheel for passenger cars was suggested for better performance and a prototype was fabricated and tested. Adhesive bonding between aluminum part and a composite rim part was used, and the bonding length and thickness were determined by finite element analysis. For self alignment and the function of bonding jig the special structure with a groove and a protrusion was applied. To evaluate the performance of the hybrid wheel various FE analyses were carried out. Inner and outer molds were prepared for the composite rim part and the thermoformed composite part was bonded to the aluminum part. Vibration tests revealed that the hybrid wheel had 16% higher resonance frequency and 32% higher damping capacity with 10% weight reduction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.480-486
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• 2016

Manufacturers have been applying several technologies that can improve the fuel economy of their cars. The regulated voltage control(RVC) system, is one of those technologies being used in passenger cars. In RVC, the voltage of an alternator is controlled depending on the electrical load demand or battery SOC, although each manufacturer differs from another in terms of detail. RVC can reduce the load of an alternator by consuming the stored energy of a battery and simultaneously generate energy. In this paper, a diesel passenger car equipped with an RVC system was tested under FTP-75 and HWFET modes to evaluate fuel economy as their initial battery SOC(100, 90, 80 and 60 %). The test results showed that the initial SOC affects fuel economy only under the FTP-75 mode. FTP-75 fuel economy of the 60% SOC was 13.2 % lower than the 100 % SOC. Also, the simultaneous consumption of the two energy sources did not appear in 60 % SOC.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2013

New USNCAP has been carried out by NHTSA including front and side crash from MY2011. In this paper, test results for USNCAP Side crash were reviewed by statistical analysis. This review focused on side crash test results to investigate the effect of changes from new USNCAP side crash test protocol among 30 passenger cars. These results were summarized as followings. Total number of 5 star vehicles on the front seat dummy (16 vehicles, 53.3%) was slightly smaller than the rear seat's (17 vehicles, 56.7%) in MDB test. For the ES-2re dummy, chest injury, ie maximum rib deflection contributed to 66% in the mean value of $P_{joint}$. Pelvis injury was highly dependent upon performance up to 87% in the SID-IIs dummy cited on the rear seat in average $P_{joint}$. For Pole test, pelvis injury made contribution to the average performance to 83%. For standard deviation, it showed the largest value in the same body region as the mean value for each dummy. Overall front seat performance showed 14 vehicles, 44.6% with 5 star vehicles less than each MDB or Pole test result. This result showed that performances in MDB test were different pattern to Pole test on driver position. Number of 5star vehicles for overall side NCAP performance are 18 passenger cars (60%). Curtain airbag and driver thorax airbag were equipped in all test vehicles. One vehicle is equipped with thorax airbag in the rear seat. Results from two side tests considered as reliability problem, ie the cause for large standard deviation in side crash test. Consequently, the countermeasure for new USNCAP side crash test is essential to design the effective side structures for side collision and to control well dummy kinematics with curtain and thorax airbag in order to reduce chest and pelvis injuries.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

The rail sector, despite its potential for curtailing the present chaotic transport situation in Lagos, remains inefficient and underutilized. In spite of past initiatives and the current attempt by the Lagos State Government to provide a mass transit rail service in Lagos, the share of rail mode in the transport sector has not been encouraging and the railway plays an insignificant role in urban mass transit in Lagos at present. This paper sets out to assess the usage of the Lagos mass transit trains. Hence, the paper determines the passenger traffic flow along the rail route in Lagos and the number of passengers carried between 2000 and 2009 by the Lagos Mass Transit Trains (LMTT) with a view to assessing the usage of the present LMTT. This paper also discusses the historical development of Nigerian railway and describes rail transport in Lagos. Data were obtained through secondary sources coupled with review of literature. The result of this study shows that for a period of 10 years (2000-2009), Lagos mass transit trains carried a total of 9,870,101 passengers, which gives an average of 987,010 passengers annually. This suggests that the service of the Lagos mass transit train is grossly underutilized. However, LMTT contributes enormously to NRC by carrying 68.5% of the total passenger traffic of NRC between 2000 and 2009. In terms of passenger traffic flow along the route of LMTT, for a period of 1 year, Agbado station recorded the largest number of passengers (393,811), followed by Ijoko (163,652) and Iddo (120,787), while Iganmu station has the lowest number of rail commuters (16,919). This study also discloses that the major commodities hauled by Lagos district of NRC from Lagos to the northern parts of the country in 2007 are Cars, Cement, Billet and Wheat.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2011

The paper aims at examining the behavioral characteristics of the passenger car export of Gunsan, Pyeongtaek, and Ulsan port. This is accomplished by modelling export demand as exchange rate and the Unites States industrial production. All series span the period January 2001 to December 2010. I first show that both the series and the residuals are stationary at the 5 percent significance level. The result cannot reject the null hypothesis of a unit root in each of the level variables and of a unit root for the residuals from the cointegration regression at the 5 percent significance level. I hitherto make use of forecast error decomposition and historical decompositions The forecast error decomposition indicates that car export is endogenous to industrial production and exchange rate. The historical decompositions for the export show that the entire difference between actual export and the base forecast can be attributed to industrial production shocks since exchange rate moves closer to the actual data or the base forecast. It indicates that industrial production outperforms exchange rate in explaining the passenger car exports.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2017

This study identified a candidate area and route for construction of a hub & spork system for coastal passenger ships. For this purpose, the characteristics of the hierarchy structure of other transportation and the operating system of coastal passenger ships were analyzed. Evaluation factors for selecting alternative areas and routes for the construction project were then extracted. Secondly, the relative importance of these evaluation factors for alternative routes were calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Finally, the importance of these evaluation items and quality of the alternative areas and routes were considered to select a primary candidate area and route. Therefore, four evaluation items such as the number of passenger-ship routes, the number of passengers, the number of cars, and the number of residences were extracted, and the Mokpo area was selected as the target area. In addition, four evaluation items such as he number of islanders, the number of local governments, geographical conditions and passenger ship operators were extracted, and the Yeonggwang route was selected as priority candidates for this construction project. Meanwhile, for the expansive implementation, step-by-step promotion is needed along with the expansion of terminal facilities, the securing of large ships, and the introduction of a semi-public system for coastal passenger ships.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.163-179
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• 2017

Iran has been focused on FDI by global automobile companies after the economic sanction on Iran was removed except primary sanction. In this paper, some strategies for Korean Automobile Industry to branch out into Iran are suggested. For the purpose, Iran's automobile industry and characteristics are examined. The market situation is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. In passenger cars sector, Korean automobile companies would be better to wait and see the development of US-Iran relationships while exporting CKD sets of cars to Iran. It can be a good strategy, however, to put parts companies into Iran first because of Iran Government could be displeasing with exporting CKD only. FDI, licensing, and joint venture are all available for the parts companies. Motor companies can clear the regulation of auto-parts localization proportion by the method. The parts companies will be able to do key roles as supply chains after OEM branch out into Iran. It is also advisable to upgrade outpost in Iran into frontline for exporting cars to MENA area. In such a case it will be a prerequisite to develop a role-division model with facilities in East Europe. It could be called Parts first-then cars strategy. In commercial cars sector, it can be suggested to leverage natural gas as a link to branch out into Iran. Iran government wishes to develop natural gas resources. The strategy can be summarized that automobile companies carry out producing CNG buses in Iran while energy companies are drilling and producing natural gas.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.12
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• pp.2254-2259
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• 2011

The introduction of Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) has been widely discussed in the Korean transportation research field. However, there is no robust criterion to derive the throughput of cars and passengers at PRT stations, which plays a primary role in determining the overall capacity of PRT systems. The present study provided a methodology to rigorously compute the capacity for simple-serial PRT stations with a single platform, considering three decisive factors, i.e., the demand level of incoming cars and outgoing passengers, the station structure, and the operation strategy. A micro-level simulator was developed for the analysis of station capacity. And, by using this, station capacities were presented for various combinations of the decisive factors. In particular, the relationship between capacity and station structure was investigated in detail. Station structure is represented by the numbers of platform berths, input queue berths, and output queue berths. Moreover, both waive rate and waiting time, which represent the level of passenger service, were taken into account when the station throughput was computed.