• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2008

There are researches are in progress on ensuring the safety of the high impact concrete in cases of fire which is a current rising social problem and this research institute also developed PFB technology, the explosion preventing technology. PFB technology is to apply POSCO E&C Fire Board, a fireproof board, with an adhesive agent on the construction site, and this technology passed 3-hour fireproof test and this technology was proven from a previous research that the temperature of main root is maintained under 200 ℃. Therefore, tests on basic contents to be examined before the actual construction in this research by with a wooden prototype of a full scale to apply PFB technology to actual construction sites and tests are being done on the workability of fireproof board, the adhesive power, the resistance against imprint of wooden nail, the heat conductivity and etc. As the results of those tests, PFB technology was proven to have an excellent workability at a construction site and to be easy for processing and also this technology was proven to have a great the resisting power against imprint of wooden nail, so this research has confirmed that PFB technology has no problem to be applied on a construction site.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.63-70
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• 2007

The soil samples used in this study were prepared with the residual granite soils passed through the #4 sieve and obtained from Pocheon in Gyeonggi-Ki do. Specifically, five types of samples were prepared. Sample A which is a natural state soil was classified as SM according to the uses. Samples of B, C, D, and E were prepared by mixing Sample A with bentonite and were classified as SC according to the uses. The plasticity indexes of samples B, C, D, and E were 15, 25, 30, and 40, respectively. The specimens, whose dimensions are 100mm by 127.5mm, were prepared by A method of ASTM D 698 with the Proctor mold. In experiments, the loading with the 1%/min was applied. Four different disk diameters, 13mm, 26mm, 38mm, and 52mm were used in the Improved Unconfined Penetration (IUP) tests. To compare the tensile strengths, the split tensile tests were also conducted on the same specimens used for the IUP tests. To find out the effects of moisture contents, plasticity Index of specimens on the tensile strength, six different water contents were used for making a specimen.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.52-59
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• 2018

To control chloride attacks which is a representative deterioration in RC(Reinforced Concrete) structures, many studies have been conducted. Above all, a method using mineral admixture was known to be effective for corrosion protection. In this study, durability test about chloride attacks was carried out for concrete specimens containing FA(Fly Ash)-representative concrete mineral admixture and OPC concrete specimens considering 3 different levels of W/B(Water to Binder). Accelerated chloride diffusion coefficient tests referred to Tang's method, total passed charge tests referred to ASTM C 1202, and compressive strength tests based on KS F 2405 were performed at each target age day. Also, based on previous studies of 28 days, time-parameter which is a key parameter for diffusion behavior is evaluated and its relations with compressive strength at the age of 365 days is evaluated. After the age of 49 days, chloride resistance of FA concrete is much improved than that of OPC concrete, which arose out of stable hydrates due to pozzolan reaction of fly ash. Time-parameter of FA concrete is evaluated to be about 1.5 times larger than that of OPC concrete. Also, time-parameter of FA concrete has a linearly decreasing relation while that of OPC concrete has a linearly increasing relation with compressive strength development.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2019

When RC(Reinforced Concrete) structures are exposed to harsh environment, deterioration phenomenon occurs, and the corrosion in rebar due to chloride intrusion is known as representative deterioration, so called chloride attack. In this paper, chloride resistance performance of 2 years aged concrete is evaluated considering 3 levels of water to binder ratio(0.37, 0.42, and 0.47) and 2 levels of substitution ratio of fly ash(0% and 30%). Accelerated chloride diffusion coefficient tests referred to Tang's method, total passed charge tests referred to ASTM C 1202, and compressive strength tests referred to KS F 2405 are performed. With adaptation of the previous test results and the results from this study, time-dependent chloride diffusion characteristics are analyzed for each concrete. The FA(Fly Ash) concrete has higher chloride resistance performance than OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement) concrete. According to the evaluation standard of ASTM C 1202, the FA concrete has "Moderate" grade after 49 days while OPC concrete does "Moderate" grade after 365 days. As the results of time-parameter for chloride diffusion, OPC concrete and FA concrete show the decreasing behavior of time-parameters with increasing water to binder ratio. Also, FA concrete has 1.57~2.74 times of time-parameter than OPC concrete. That's cause is thought that the time-parameter indicates the gradient of decreasing of diffusion coefficient. FA concrete has higher time-parameters than OPC concrete by pozzolanic reaction of FA.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 1997

This study was performed to survey the achievements in problem solving by the inquiring experiment, which was done by the superior group in the traditional cocepts-centered written tests. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of inquiring experimental assessment by analyzing differences between concepts-centered written and inquiring experimental tests. The subjects of this study was 211 applicants. They are the superior group of the 9th grade students, and score in the top 1% of total achievements percentage in school. They also have passed the primary entrance examination. The inquiring experimental test was developed according to the curriculum in school, and is composed of 5 subcategories: problem-perception and formulating hypothesis, designing an experiment, carring out an experiment, recording data and drawing conculsion, and generalizing conculsions and communicaton. The checklists of each subcategory were made and testing methods were divided into observation and report. The major results of this study are as follows: 1. The achievements in each subcategory of inquiring experimental performance were very low in the superior group who took the concepts-centered written tests. 2. The results of factor and correlation analyses in this study confirmed the abilities measured by inquiring experimental assessment differed from abilities measured by existing tests. These results indicated that even students who achieved high in scientific knowledge, these abilities were not automatically transformed inquiry process which many other abilities were integrated into. Therefore, problem solving ability requires integrated abilities which are fostered by inquiring experimental tasks. This suggests that new instrument for assessment must be developed to measure integrating ability especially where scientifically gifted students are selected, or where entrance examinations to the science schools are administered.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

A new site classification system and site coefficients based on local site conditions in Korea were developed and implemented as a part of minimum design load requirements for general seismic design. The new site classification system adopted bedrock depth and average shear wave velocity of soil above the bedrock as parameters for site classification. These code provisions were passed through a public hearing process before it was enacted. The public hearing process recommended to modify the naming of site classes and adjust the amplification factors so that the level of short-period amplification is suitable for economical seismic design. In this paper, the new code provisions were assessed using dynamic centrifuge tests and by comparing the design response spectra (DRS) with records from 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, the largest earthquake in history of instrumental seismic observation in Korea. The dynamic centrifuge tests were performed to simulate the representative Korean site conditions, such as shallow depth to bedrock and short-period amplification characteristics, and the results corroborated with the new DRS. The Gyeongju earthquake records also showed good agreement with the DRS. In summary, the new code provisions are reliable for representing the site amplification characteristic of shallow bedrock condition in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop nursing practice guidelines for water treatment system used in hemodialysis and to evaluate the guidelines by applying them in practice. Method: The first draft for the guidelines was developed based on advice and recommendations obtained from procedure review of critical literature. The draft was modified through evaluation by an expert group and pilot application to practice. The final draft was evaluated by the expert group using the AGREE instrument (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation). Results: For the pilot test using the draft guidelines, 144 samples were collected from the water treatment system and hemodialysis machines. Results showed no bacteria. Endotoxin tests and chemical tests passed the criteria. After revision of the draft guidelines and additions to the draft guidelines, the final draft was confirmed. The quality of the final draft was evaluated by 4 experts using the AGREE instrument. The mean standard score was 76.9% for the 19 items. Conclusion: The clinical guidelines developed in this research can be utilized as systematic and scientific guidelines for water treatment systems used in hemodialysis. In addition, the results of the research can contribute to improving care services.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1000-1007
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• 2010

In this study, toxicity monitoring of sediments collected from 25 stations in the Geum river basin was conducted using Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa. According to the results of acute toxicity tests (immobilization and mortality) of organic extracts of semdiments, Miho stream showed much less toxicity than Gap and Nonsan streams. In particular, significant toxicity was observed in both species for St.15 and St.16 sediment samples that passed through Deajeon city as a branch of Gap stream. For Nonsan stream, St.23 sediment showed high toxicity toward M. macrocopa. This site seemed to be affected by upper agricultural industrial complex. Additionally, M. macrocopa showed a higher sensitivity than D. magna for organic extracts of sediments. In the case of toxicity tests using sediment pore water and aqueous extracts, only pore water of St.27 sediment was toxic against D. magna. Toxicity identification evaluation showed that hydrogen sulfide was likely a major toxicant in the pore water.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.142-154
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• 2015

Fault localization techniques help locate faults in source codes by exploiting collected test information and have shown promising results. To precisely locate faults, the techniques require a large number of test cases that sufficiently exercise the executable statements together with the label information of each test case as a failure or a success. However, during the process of software development, developers may not have high-coverage test cases to effectively locate faults. With the test case generation techniques, a large number of test cases without expected outputs can be automatically generated. Whereas the execution results for generated test cases need to be inspected by developers, which brings much manual effort and potentially hampers fault-localization effectiveness. To address this problem, this paper presents a method to select a few test cases from a number of test cases without expected outputs for result inspection, and in the meantime selected test cases can still support effective fault localization. The experimental results show that our approach can significantly reduce the number of test cases that need to be inspected by developers and the effectiveness of fault localization techniques is close to that of whole test cases.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 1984

This study was done to evaluate the hardness, water sorption and solubility values of twelve well known composite resins, and to compare each other. For the hardness test, the specimens were made in cylinder form with 4mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness as a modification of the American Society for Testing and New Materials, 1966, and for water sorption and solubility tests, the specimens were prepared in same shape of 20mm in diameter and 0.5mm in thickness as a modification of the ADA Specification No. 12. The results were obtained as follow: 1. The hardness range were from 17.9 to 87.5 respectively. As time passed by, the noticable change was evident in early 12 hours. 2. Of the water sorption. the range was from 0.38 to 0.93. The significant change was appeared within 12 hours and on 3 day by 1 week except four brands. 3. Of the water solubility, the range was 0.06 to 0.16. The highest value was found within early 24 hours. 4. Generally, four brands could be chosen as preferable products of hardness. water sorption and solubility tests according to the ADA Specification No. 12.