• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.783-801
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• 2016

본 연구는 여성장애인의 노동시장 진입에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하여, 여성장애인의 노동시장 진입을 지원할 수 있는 정책적인 대안을 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 장애인고용패널조사의 3차부터 7차까지의 종단자료를 활용하여 사건사분석을 실시하였다. 사건사분석을 통해 시간의 변화에 따른 여성장애인의 노동시장 진입이 어떠한 변화유형을 나타내는지, 영향을 미치는 요인은 무엇인지 분석하고자 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미취업기간에 따른 노동시장 진입의 변화를 생명표 분석을 통해 분석한 결과, 최장 미취업기간(4년)까지 미취업상태로 남아있는 비율은 90%이고, 노동시장에 진입한 비율은 10%로 나타났다. 둘째, 노동시장 진입에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 콕스회귀분석을 한 결 과 기초수급 여부, 장애정도, 구직 시 차별경험 요인이 노동시장 진입에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 여성장애인의 노동시장 진입 수준을 높이기 위한 실천적 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2016

소비자들의 요구 증가로 고급차종에만 적용하던 통풍 시트는 점차 중소형 차종으로 확대 적용되고 있는 추세이다. 팬에서 발생한 유량이 폼 패드, 필터 폼 및 시트 커버 등을 통과하는 과정에서 많은 손실이 발생하기 때문에, 착좌면에 도달하는 유량의 정확한 해석은 쉽지 않다. 또한 유로 형상이 복잡하여 이의 정확한 모델링 없이는 착좌면에 도달하는 정확한 유량의 해석이 힘들다. 본 연구에서는 팬에서 발생한 유동이 통기 매트와 폼 패드를 통과하였을 때의 유량을 해석하였으며, 해석결과와 실험결과를 비교하였다. 해석에서 유동분산판 내부의 돌기 형상을 보다 정확하게 모델링함으로써, 해석결과와 실험결과의 경향을 정확하게 일치시킬 수 있었다. 유량이 통기성 재료인 패드 폼을 통과하는 과정에서 발생한 손실을 실험으로 측정하여 해석결과를 보정함으로써 해석결과와 실험결과를 정확하게 일치시킬 수 있었다. 다음으로 필터 폼과 시트 커버를 통과하여 착좌면에 도달하는 유량을 실험으로 측정하였다. 착좌면에서의 유량이 많지 않아서, 유량 콘을 사용하여 유량을 측정하였다. 팬에서 발생한 유량의 약 35.7%만이 최종적으로 착좌면에 도달하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2010

Objective : Cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy are performed by physicians in various disciplines. It is important to know the comprehensive anatomy of the laryngotracheal region. Hemorrhage, esophageal injury, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, pneumothorax, hemothorax, false passage of the tube and tracheal stenosis after decannulation are well known complications of the cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy. Cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy should be performed without complications and as quickly as possible with regards the patients' clinical condition. Methods : A total of 40 cadaver necks were dissected in this study. The trachea and larynx and the relationship between the trachea and larynx and the surrounding structures was investigated. The tracheal cartilages and annular ligaments were counted and the relationship between tracheal cartilages and the thyroid gland and vascular structures was investigated. We performed cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy in eleven cadavers while simulating intensive care unit conditions to determine the duration of those procedures. Results : There were 11 tracheal cartilages and 10 annular ligaments between the cricoid cartilage and sternal notch. The average length of trachea between the cricoid cartilage and the suprasternal notch was 6.9 to 8.2 cm. The cricothyroid muscle and cricothyroid ligament were observed and dissected and no vital anatomic structure detected. The average length and width of the cricothyroid ligament was 8 to 12 mm and 8 to 10 mm, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the surgical time required for cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy (p < 0.0001). Conclusion : Tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy have a low complication rate if the person performing the procedure has thorough knowledge of the neck anatomy. The choice of tracheostomy or cricothyrotomy to establish an airway depends on the patients' clinical condition, for instance; cricothyrotomy should be preferred in patients with cervicothoracal injury or dislocation who suffer from respiratory dysfunction. Furthermore; if a patient is under risk of hypoxia or anoxia due to a difficult airway, cricothyrotomy should be preferred rather than tracheostomy.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2006년도 제27회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.34-40
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• 2006

연소기 노즐은 고온 고압의 연소가스를 화학에너지에서 운동에너지로 변환시켜 추력을 발생시킨다. 따라서 노즐 내부 벽면은 고온 고압의 연소가스에 노출되며, 특히 노즐 목에서는 최대 열하중을 받는 구간으로서 열구조적으로 안정성을 확보한 냉각 시스템 설계가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연소기 노즐은 수냉 방식으로서 열전달 효율을 높이기 위해 냉각 채널 구조로 되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 연소기 노즐을 위한 냉각 채널 구조의 기본 설계안에 대해 유동 해석을 수행하고 공급 압력 및 유량 변화에 따른 입/출구 사이의 압력 강하량을 예측하여 초기 형상안에 대한 압력 손실 및 설계 유량 공급을 위한 압력 조건에 대해서 평가하고자 하였다. 최종 선정안에 대해서는 내부 열전달 및 유동장 해석을 수행하여 흐름 및 열구조 안정성을 평가하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1187-1197
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• 2013

The result of a small electrostatic precipitator which is in order to decrease indoor air pollution for optimal efficiency was shown as follows. Although the closer distance between the discharge electrode and dust collecting electrode shows the better throughput efficiency by forming strong electrostatic Field, it does not have profound impact in case of optimal dust collecting area. G.P(gas passage) which is the distance from dust collecting electrode to dust collecting electrode is a crucial factor to decide dust collecting efficiency. The narrower distance of G.P shows the better throughput efficiency whereas it decreases when the distance is too narrow since sparks ensue by increasing the capacity of electrostatic charging system 5 mm regards as optimal efficiency in this experiment. Although the higher voltage shows the higher dust collecting efficiency overall, the experiment was not able to keep performing since the sparks which decrease dust collecting efficiency ensue over 40 kV. The efficient and safe voltage state is considered 3.6 kV in this experiment. The most crucial factor for dust collecting efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator which is in order to decrease indoor air pollution is applied voltage. In addition, optimal raw gas flow rate(2.4 m/sec) is more important factor than the excessive increase of dust collecting area.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2001

Gingival fibroblasts are major cellular component of gingiva. However, the molecular mechanisms of senescence of human gingival fibroblasts are unknown. Human fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence in vitro after a limited number of population doublings. A reduced rate of proliferation is a prominent phenomenon observed in senescent fibroblasts. This phenomenon is controled by cell cycle regulatory proteins. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of replicative senescence on cell cycle progression and to find out its molecular mechanisms in human gingival fibroblasts. Replicative senescence of gingival fibroblasts were induced by subsequent cultures that were repeated up to 18 passage. In the present study, I examined change of cell proliferation, cell activity, cell viability and cell cycle progression during the replicative process. Also, I examined expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins which was estimated by western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, cell activity and cell viability of gingival fibroblasts were notably decreased with increase of population doubling level(PDL). S phase was decreased and G1 phase was increased with increase of PDL. Western blot analysis showed that levels of P16, p21 and p53 of senescent gingival fibroblasts(PDL41, PDL58) were higher than young fibroblasts(PDL27) and cdk4 were lower than young fibroblasts(PDL27). In conclusion, these results suggest that proliferative function of human gingival fibroblasts may be decreased by replicative senescence and its molecular mechanisms may be activatied with p16, p21, p53 and pRB, and repressed wtih cdk4.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1559-1569
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• 2002

In order to investigate the characteristics of electromagnetic flowmeter in two -phase flow, an AC electromagnetic flowmeter was designed and manufactured. In various flow conditions, the signals and noises from the flowmeter were obtained and analyzed by comparison with the observed flow patterns with a high speed CCD camera. The experiment with the void simulators in which rod shaped non-conducting material was used was carried out to investigate the effect of the bubble position and the void fraction on the flowmeter. Based on the results from the void simulator, two -phase flow experiments encompassed from bubbly to slug flow regime were conducted. The simple relation $\Delta$ $U_{TP}$ = $\Delta$ $U_{SP}$ (l-$\alpha$) was verified with measurements of the potential difference and the void fraction. Due to the lack of homogeneity in a rent two -phase flow, the discrepancy between the relation and the present measurement was slightly increased with void fraction and also liquid volumetric flux jf. Whereas there is no difference in the shape of the raw signal between single-phase flow and bubbly flow, the signal amplitude for bubbly flow is higher than that for single -phase flow at the same water flow rate, since the passage area of the water flow is reduced. In the case of slug flow, the phase and the amplitude of the flowmeter output show dramatically the flow characteristics around each slug bubble and the position of a slug bubble itself. Therefore, the electromagnetic flowmeter shows a good possibility of being useful for identifying the flow regimes.ul for identifying the flow regimes.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1059-1065
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 SMART 원자로의 사류형 원자로냉각재펌프의 축소모형에 대한 수력성능을 예측하기 위하여 설계점을 포함한 다양한 탈설계점에서의 해석을 수행하였다. 계산시간의 효율성을 위하여 임펠러와 디퓨저 각 1개 유로로 이루어진 계산영역을 해석대상으로 선정하였다. 임펠러와 디퓨저간의 정보교환을 위하여 스테이지 기법을 사용하였다. 정상상태 비압축성 유동조건에서 축소모형의 수력성능특성을 파악하기 위하여 해석영역의 입구와 출구에서 압력차를 측정하여 양정, 효율과 축동력을 산출하였다. 수력성능 곡선은 일반적인 사류펌프의 성능특성을 잘 모사하는 것으로 나타났다. 저유량에서의 펌프 내부유동의 복잡한 흐름을 확인 하였다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

The RI gasoline engine haying a sub-chamber had a high cycle variation due to the difficulty of the residual gas scavenge in the sub-chamber. To solve this problem and improve the combustion performance of RI engine, we devised a method to inject directly CNG fuel into the sub-chamber. A DI diesel engine of single cylinder was converted into a RI-CNG engine and an electronic control unit for the engine was manufactured. In this study, the combustion characteristics of the RI-CNG engine were investigated with the injection timings and air excess ratios at the load conditions of 50% throttle open rate and 1700rpm. As the results from this study, the RI-CNG engine worked reliably under the condition of the ignitable lean limit of $\lambda=1.7$ by showing the $COV_{imep}$ below about 5%. And the highest thermal efficiency could be obtained in the injection timing that produced the high imep and the low $COV_{imep}$ at the same time. The CO emission concentration indicated very low values and the THC and $NO_x$ showed an opposite pattern. With a view to improving the thermal efficiency and reducing the harmful emissions, the proper control region of the ignition timing and the mixture ratio were nearly ATDC $20^{\circ}\sim50^{\circ}$ and $\lambda=1.4$ respectively.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.383-390
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of tear staining syndrome in poodle dogs. Schirmer tear test, fluorescein dye test and measurement of the angle of bend between vertical and horizontal bony nasolacrimal duct were conducted in both poodles and German shepherd dogs. There were no significant differences between normal and tear-stained poodles in tear formation determined by Schimer tear test. However, there was significantly higher tear production in German shepherds than that in normal poodles(p<0.05). In the fluorescein dye test for the measurement of tear excretion, the dye was observed within $14.5{\pm}6.5$ minutes after dropping of the dye in normal poodles, but was not observed even over 30 minutes in tear-stained poodles. German shepherds had rather rapid passage time($0.4{\pm}0.3$ minutes) than poodles in the dye excretion. In the measurement of the angle of bend between vertical and horizontal bony nasolacrimal duct through dacryocystorhinography, there were no significant differences between normal tear-stained poodles with showing $85.0{\pm}6.8^{\circ}$ and $89.8{\pm}6.5^{\circ}$, respectively. However, obtuse angle of bend($106.8{\pm}4.7^{\circ}$) was shown in German shepherds. These results have ascertained that tear staining syndrome of poodle dogs was not related to tear production but to the rate of tear excretion.