• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2008

Column chromatographic separation of the MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet led to the isolation of twelve terpenes (1 - 11 and 17), four phenolics (13 - 16) and a hexenyl glucoside (12). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means to be (-)-pulegone (1), piperitenone (2), p-cymene-3,8-diol (3), schizonepetoside A (4), schizonepetoside C (5), (+)-spatulenol (6), ursolic acid (7), $2{\alpha}$,$3{\alpha}$,$24{\alpha}$,-trihydroxyolean-12en-28oic acid (8), $5{\alpha}$,$8{\alpha}$-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diol-$3{\beta}$-ol (9), stigmast-4-en-3-one (10), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (11), (Z)-3-hexenyl-1-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (12), rosmarinic acid (13), apigenin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (14), luteolin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside (15), hesperidin (16) and trans-phytol (17). Compounds 2, 3, 8, 9 and 12 were for the first time isolated from S. tenuifolia Briq.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.3298-3302
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• 2012

Although offline enrichment of phosphorylated peptides is widely used, enrichment for phosphopeptides using $TiO_2$ is often performed manually, which is labor-intensive and can lead to irreproducible results. To address the problems associated with offline enrichment and to improve the effectiveness of phosphopeptide detection, we developed an automated online enrichment system for phosphopeptide analysis. A standard protein mixture comprising BSA, fetuin, crystalline, ${\alpha}$-casein and ${\beta}$-casein, and ovalbumin was assessed using our new system. Our multidimensional system has four main parts: a sample pump, a 20-mm $TiO_2$-based column, a weak anion-exchange, and a strong cation-exchange (2:1 WAX:SCX) separation column with LC/MS. Phosphorylated peptides were successfully detected using the $TiO_2$-based online system with little interference from nonphosphorylated peptides. Our results confirmed that our online enrichment system is a simple and efficient method for detecting phosphorylated peptides.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.677-689
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• 2013

Recently, the supplying of basic materials for construction of building as sand is big issues due to lack of shoreside supply. For solving this problem, many suppliers attempt to gather aggregate from the sea bottom of the EEZ & west coastal area of Korea. In this regard, the 'Jangantoe' which exists in the westside of the Daesan port is worth noticing as good seasand supplying areas. The Chungnam Aggregate Association have plan to gather of seasand from 'Gaduckdo 5 regions & Igok 3 regions' which lies westside about 6 miles off from the Jangantoe areas. This designated area also locates upper parts of the Gadaeam TSS(Traffic Separation Scheme) which is very useful passing routes for the sailing vessels of Inchon & Daesan ports. In this study, the evaluation of the safety for passing vessels in the vicinity of the seasand gathering area was performed by various methods of radar observations & GICOMS AIS data for marine traffics and vessel traffic-flow simulation of the 'Marine Traffic Safety Diagnostic Scheme'. By the results of this evaluation, I suggested comprehensive countermeasures for the safety of passing vessels in the near the seasand gathering area.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.121-132
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• 2005

Objectives : Siegesbeckiae Herba's effect on the protection of nerve cells was tested, and the effects were compared between Siegesbeckia glabrescens Makino, the state of which is spica imported from China, and original Korean leaves of it. Methods : After damaging nerve cells by exposing them on NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) and KA(kainic acid), Siegesbeckiae Herba's effect on cell death, inhibition rate, glutamate separation, and ROS(reactive oxygen species) production were examined. Results : 1. Siegesbeckiae Herba inhibited the cell death exposed to NMDA. 2. Siegesbeckiae Herba inhibited the amount of glutamate separated from nerve cells exposed to NMDA. 3. Siegesbeckiae Herba inhibited the production of ROS induced by NMDA. 4. Siegesbeckiae Herba did not inhibit the cell death exposed to KA. 5. Chinese Siegesbeckiae Spica had no inhibition effect on cell death. Conclusions : Siegesbeckiae Herba was effective in inhibiting the death of nerve cells exposed to NMDA, and in protecting nerve cells from various damages in nerve cell diseases. Because Chinese Siegesbeckiae Spica did not show such effects, it is necessary to closely examine those effects according to the used parts.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2014

Fine structural characteristics of eggs (nits) found on the scalp hairs of Korean children were observed with scanning electron microscopy. An egg is structurally composed of four parts: the cementum, nit body, operculum, and aerophyle. The total length of an egg is about 1.5 mm. The glue secreted from the female louse completely surrounds the 1 mm hair shaft and forms the cementum. The thickness of the cementum at the end of the nit body was found to be more than 5 times the thickness at the end toward the scalp. The nit body is shaped like a goblet with a very smooth surface. The operculum and aerophyles are located at the apiculus area. In the circular operculum, there are 10 aerophyles concentrated on the side of the hair shaft surface that are shaped like a dome. Three aerophyles in the center are surrounded by 7 aerophyles. Each aerophyle is dome shaped with a diameter of $65{\mu}m$ and a respiratory pathway with a $15{\sim}25{\mu}m$ opening at the center. On the cut surface where the operculum is separated as the egg hatches, long grooves about $1{\mu}m$ thick are uniformly formed transversely. These long grooves facilitate the separation of the operculum through body expansion at the time of hatching.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.260-270
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• 2010

Reducing the losses of the tip clearance flow is one of the keys in an unshrouded centrifugal compressor design and development because tip clearances are large in relation to the span of the blades and also centrifugal compressors produce a sufficiently large pressure rise in single stage. This problem is more acute for a low flow high-pressure ratio impeller design. The large tip clearance would cause flow separations, and as a result it would drop both the efficiency and surge margin. Thus a design of a high efficiency and wide operation range low flow coefficient centrifugal compressor is a great challenge. This paper describes a recent development of high efficiency and wide surge margin low flow coefficient centrifugal compressor. A viscous turbomachinery optimal design method developed by the authors for axial flow machine was further extended and used in the centrifugal compressor design. The compressor has three main parts: impeller, a low solidity diffuser and volute. The tip clearance is under a special consideration in this design to allow impeller insensitiveness to the clearance. A patented three-dimensional low solidity diffuser design method is used and applied to this design. The compressor test results demonstrated to be successful to extend the low solidity diffusers to high-pressure ratio compressor. The compressor stage performance showed the total to static efficiency of the compressor being about 85% and stability range over 35%. The test results are in good agreement with the design.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.494-507
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• 2019

A diagnostic investigation of the conservation state of damaged murals of the Payathonzu temple mainly indicated delamination, exfoliation, and contamination of the coloring layer; cracks and damage to the wall; and separation from gaps. In particular, vulnerabilities resulting from cracks in the wall and damage from gaps demand swift reinforcement measures. Ultrasonic testing uncovered damage caused by gaps between the base layer and plastered wall in several areas of the mural, vulnerable parts in the wall around the cracks, and considerable degradation of the physical properties where cracks and gaps were severe. Moisture measurements identified vast disparities in moisture depending on location even within a single area of the mural, and it was clear that these disparities were the result of environmental conditions such as humidity. Damage to the murals in monument 477 was the most severe, and a diagnostic of the physical properties uncovered severe physical damage to the upper part of the mural as well as to the corridor ceiling, thus presenting the need for conservation treatment utilizing scientific diagnosis as well as objective data.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.676-684
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• 2003

eLearning can be defined as an approach to teaching and teaming that utilises Internet technologies to communicate and collaborate in an educational context. This includes technology that supplements traditional classroom training with web-based components and learning environments where the educational process is experienced online. The use of hypertext as an educational tool has a very rich history. The advent of the internet and one of its major application, the world wide web (WWW), has given a tremendous boost to the theory and practice of hypermedia systems for educational purposes. However, the web suffers from an inability to satisfy the heterogeneous needs of a large number of users. For example, web-based courses present the same static teaming material to students with widely differing knowledge of the subject. Adaptive hypermedia techniques can be used to improve the adaptability of eLearning. In this paper we report an approach to the design a unified implementation framework suitable for web-based eLearning that accommodates the three main dimensions of hypermedia adaptation: content, navigation, and presentation. The framework externalises the adaptation strategies using XML notation. The separation of the adaptation strategies from the source code of the eLearning software enables a system using the framework to quickly implement a variety of adaptation strategies. This work is a part of our more general ongoing work on the design of a framework for adaptive content delivery. parts of the framework discussed in this paper have been imulemented in a commercial eLearning engine.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-99
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• 1998

After we looked back on the process western psychotherapy, and consider current meaning and necessity of buddhism. we concluded as follows 1. We can apply buddhism to psychotherapy in terms of oriental medicine. Especially buddhism with long history in the orient has similarity with oriental medicine and common cultural background. therefore it will be useful especially to koreans 2. Whereas buddhism's object is Nirvana, that of medicine is to return to the above view. to apply various methodologies of buddhism to psychology of oriental medicine you must select useful parts and drop others 3. Whereas buddhism centers on human mind, oriental medicine wholly describes body and mind without separation, buddhism put stress on inside of consciousness and oriental medicine put stress on revealing process 4. It is difficult to combine buddhism to oriental medicine theoretically. In combining it is easier to accept buddhism practically rather than theoretically 5. To apply buddhism clinically we have to modify buddhism to modern societies and to research and discussion to combine it to the system of oriental medicine

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.252-256
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• 2001

The rapid development of communication equipment and information processing technology has led to a constant improvement in cordless communication. Lithium ion batteries used in cellular phones and laptop computers, in particular, have been in the forefront of the above revolution. These batteries use high value added raw materials and have a high and stable energy output and are increasingly coming into common use. The development of the material for the negative terminal has led to an improvement in the quality and efficiency of the batteries, whereas a reduction in the cost of the battery by researching new materials for the positive anode has become a research theme by itself. These long life batteries, it is being increasingly realized, can have value added to them by recycling. Research is increasingly being done on recycling the aluminum case and the load casing for the negative diode. This paper aims to introduce the current situation of recycling of lithium ion batteries. 1. Introduction 2. Various types of batteries and the situation of their recycling and the facts regarding recycling. 3. Example of cobalt recycling from waste Lithium ion secondary cell. 3-1) Flow Chart of Lithium ion battery recycling 3-2) Materials that make a lithium ion secondary cell. 3-3) Coarse grinding of Lithium ion secondary cell, and stabilization of current discharge 3-4) Burning 3-5) Grinding 3-6) Magnetic Separation 3-7) Dry sieving 3-8) Dry Classifying 3-9) Content Ratio of recycled cobalt parts 3-10) Summary of the Line used for the recovery of Cobalt from waste Lithium ion battery. 4. Conclusion.