• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

Diesel low temperature combustion (LTC) is the concept where fuel is burned at a low temperature oxidation regime so that $NO_x$ and particulate matters (PM) can simultaneously be reduced. There are two ways to realize low temperature combustion in compression ignition engines. One is to supply a large amount of EGR gas combined with advanced fuel injection timing. The other is to use a moderate level of EGR with fuel injection at near TDC which is generally called Modulated kinetics (MK) method. In this study, the effects of fuel injection pressure on performance and emissions of a single cylinder engine were evaluated using the latter approach. The engine test results show that MK operations were successfully achieved over a range of with 950 to 1050 bar in injection pressure with 16% $O_2$ concentration, and $NO_x$ and PM were significantly suppressed at the same time. In addition, with an increase in fuel injection pressure, the levels of smoke, THC and CO were decreased while $NO_x$ emissions were increased. Moreover, as fuel injection timing retarded to TDC, more THC and CO emissions were generated, but smoke and $NO_x$ were decreased.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2012

Objectives: High concentrations of airborne particulate matters (PM) can affect the health of passengers using public transportation. The objectives of this research were to develop a PM control system for a railway cabin and to evaluate the performance of the device under conditions of an actual journey. Methods: This study measured the concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ simultaneously in a reference cabin and a cabin with the PM control device. Results: The average $PM_{10}$ concentration in the reference cabin was 100 ${\mu}g/m^3$, and the $PM_{10}$ concentration in the cabin with the control device was 79 ${\mu}g/m^3$. While the overall control efficiency of the control device was 15.4%, reduction was more effective for peak $PM_{10}$ concentration. However, $PM_{2.5}$ levels did not differ greatly between the reference cabin and the cabin with the control device. The ratio of $PM_{2.5}$ to $PM_{10}$ was 0.37. $PM_{10}$ concentrations in cabins were not associated with ambient concentrations, indicating that the main sources of $PM_{10}$ were present in cabins. Additionally, average $CO_2$ concentration in the cabins was 1,359 ppm, less than the maximum of 2,000 ppm set out by the Korean Ministry of Environment's guideline. The $CO_2$ concentration in cabins was significantly associated with the number of passengers: the in-cabin concentration = $23.4{\times}N+460.2$, where N is the number of passengers. Conclusions: Application of the PM control device can improve $PM_{10}$ concentration, especially at peak levels but not $PM_{2.5}$ concentration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2017

Objectives: This on-site study was performed to evaluate the reduction efficiency of an air cleaner on particulate matters and biological agents in a swine facility. Materials and Methods: Particulate matter was measured using a real-time monitoring recorder and biological agents were sampled with a one-stage impactor and then analyzed based on the microbial culture method. An experimental process for the reduction effect on airborne pollutants through air cleaner operation consisted of three conditions: no treatment, wet scrapper by water spray and wet scrapper by disinfectant spray. Results: Geometric mean levels of particulate matter(TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_1$) were presented at $1,608{\mu}g/m^3$, $1,373.8{\mu}g/m^3$, $401.8{\mu}g/m^3$ and $144.5{\mu}g/m^3$ for no treatment; $1,503{\mu}g/m^3$, $1,017{\mu}g/m^3$, $159.4{\mu}g/m^3$ and $69.8{\mu}g/m^3$ for wet scrapper by water spray; and $1,222.17{\mu}g/m^3$, $477.17{\mu}g/m^3$, $33.2{\mu}g/m^3$ and $11.1{\mu}g/m^3$ for wet scrapper by disinfectant spray, respectively. In the case of biological agents, the geometric averaged concentrations of total airborne bacteria and fungi were as follows: $45,371cfu/m^3$ and $13,474cfu/m^3$ for no treatment, $43,286cfu/m^3$ and $8,610cfu/m^3$ for wet scrapper by water spray, and $2,440cfu/m^3$ and 1,867 cfu/ for wet scrapper by disinfectant spray, respectively. Regardless of particulate matter and biological agent, the highest concentrations were found for no treatment, while the lowest concentrations were found with wet scrapper by disinfectant spray. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained from this on-site evaluation, there was a significant reduction effect on particulate matter and biological agents through the application of an air cleaner in this study.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.393-402
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• 1994

It is necessary to examine the source contributions and the relationship between a receptor and sources for the resonable controlling of air pollution level of suspended particulate matters. Therefore, in this study, profiles of sources contributing to the concentration of suspended particulate matters, were developed and CMB model was applied to obtain information of source contributions and feasibility of CMB model application. According to the propose of this study, twenty-seven chemical species such as the elements, anions, and total carbon of thirty-six PMl0 and TSP data sets sampled at the Pomch'on receptor site in Pusan for a 24-hr period from May to Aug. 1992, were analyzed and three (transportation, soil, marine) different source profiles were developed through the field measurement. Applying CMB model to transportation, soil, marine, the results of source contribution by CMB model showed that the case with TSP was more suitable for CMB model than that with PMl0. And the average contribution of transportation source to TSP and PMlo concentration at Pomch'on receptor was calculated as 90.66 ㎍/m3(64%) and 23.27 ㎍/m3(39%), resfiectively, which showed that the contribution by transportation was dominant. The validation of CMB model was performed by means of the results of contributions from marine source for the wind direction sectors.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.229-233
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• 2015

In this study, we examined the removal characteristics of suspended particulate matters which are one of carcinogens to cause lung cancer. The fine dust capture by a pilot scale filtration system depends on several important variables such as humidity, initial fine dust injection volume, and flow rate. The average concentration of particulate matters in the test chamber decreased, but the ultimate collection efficiency did not change during the filtration under high humidity, compared to those of using ambient conditions The initial injection amount of fine dust did not influence the particle capturing efficiency. When the flow rate reduced from 0.6 m/s to 0.3 m/s, the dust collection time increased approximately 1.4 times. Among all variables tested, the flow rate showed the most significant effect on the removal efficiency of fine particulate matter.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2017

Disposal of municipal solid waste has become a major problem in many countries around the world. As landfill space for the disposal of ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) becomes scarce, numerous reports and researches address the various environmental issues about the municipal solid waste incineration waste management and other particulate matters with the range of 10 ~ 2.5. Although in many developing and industrialization countries landfill with the disposal of municipal solid waste, open incineration has become a common practice. Large municipal waste incinerators are major industrial facilities and have the potential to be significant sources of environmental pollution. Despite the significant volume reduction from incineration, waste recycling is important to ensuring the future welfare of mankind. The main goal of the present work is the physical and chemical characterization of the local incineration bottom ash towards its eventual re-utilization. In this paper, we reported the studies on physical and chemical characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and bottom ash containing particulate matter whose particulate sizes are lower than $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and heavy metal were investigated.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2006

On the refutation demanded for a control of various toxic substances. PCBs(poly chlorinated biphenyl) has a fatal poisonous matter in the ecosystem and the environmental pollution as it Is a kind of stable chemical substance. Especially, the gross Product of PCBs is estimated at about one million tonnage all over the world. However it is kept on storing in untreated state, then has a deterioration by the Prolonged storage and a risk of overflowing. Therefore, this research examined the fundamental characteristics of combustion and emission for the target of using the IPA (iso-propyl alcohol) solution as a part of PCBs control. IPA was filled to three kinds of Vessel, i.e. Vessel I, II, and III, and then was investigated as follows combustion shape, flame temperature. mass burning velocity, and PM(Particulate matter). A radial thermometer and a C-A thermocouple measured the flame temperature, and the optical extinction method by using He-Ne laser and the filter weight method used in the PM measurement. As a result, with an increasing of L/S ratio, the flame length become shorter and the burning velocity is more rapid, but the particulate matters is higher. It is supposed that the air flow rate is high on Vessel. and then the combustion is Promoted in the surface area of the upstream zone. The future works plan to investigate the characteristics with an using of the mixing of IPA and PCBs

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out primary policies for reducing PM(particulate matter) as well as for improving the quality of life. Serious particulate matters cause to diverse healthcare and economy problems including business transactions. Unfortunately, until recently there are very few researches regarding the decision-making process for particulate matter policies. This study has applied the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method to develop cooperative policy making processes. The upper layer of this hierarchy analysis consists of four parts, i.e., transportation, production facility, living environment, and urban planning management. And each upper layer parts has their own three policies. 25 experts including policy-makers, academic researchers and industrial specialists have decided the primary policies and directions. The most significant PM policy is the mandatory reduction of air pollution and suspension of factory operation in the production industry. The results of this study can lead to guidelines for making environmental policies.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.11-28
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• 2021

Air pollution caused by particulate matters (PM) has become a global issue. PM is known to threaten human health by causing respiratory and cardiovascular disease. PM can be introduced to human gastrointestinal track through food intake, causing inflammation and changes in gut microbiota. Even at low PM concentrations, prolonged exposure to PM can cause significant accumulation of PM in food products. The adsorption of PM onto food surfaces is expected to be strongly influenced by the properties of food surfaces, but few studies have been reported. This paper examines several important food surface properties that may affect the interactions between PM and food surfaces, including surface wettability, surface charge, and surface microstructure. Understanding the adsorption of PM onto food surfaces can provide useful guidance for classifying PM-sensitive foods and controlling food chains, including cultivation, processing, preservation, and cooking, to ensure food safety against PM.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.34-39
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• 2008

The combustion purpose of diesel engine is to reduce the emission of green gas and to produce high output. Generally, the regulation matter of emission gas is largely diveded by 'THC', 'NOx', 'CO' and 'PM'. Among those matters, the most problem is to disgorge into 'PM', the character of diesel combustion. Diesel PM can be controlled using Diesel Particulate Filter, which can effectively reduce the level of soot emissions to ambient background levels. $NO_2$ generated by the DOC is used to combust the carbon collected in the DPF at low temperature. To certificate DPF device that is suitable to domestic circumstances, it is necessary to exactly evaluate the DPF devices according to the regulation of DPF certificate test procedure fur retrofit. To do carry out the above-mentioned description the understanding of that regulation like the standard of PM reduction is needed. In this study the test procedure including test cycle and BPT test condition was examined, and also the test result for specific DPF was analyzed. In every test like field test, PM reduction efficiency test and Seoul-10 mode test, no defect was showed.