• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.365-378
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• 2022

Complete blood cell count(CBC) is a technique that counts leukocytes for each type of blood cell being analyzed. The principle is that laser is incident to ex vivo flowing leukocytes in a microcapillary tube and scattered light occurs by laser and leukocytes. By collecting the scattered light, we can count the types of cells because different cells generate different light-scattering patterns. However, the technique has an intrinsic limitation, scattering pattern is shown in a wide range region in the resulting, which makes it difficult to accurate analyze and use fluorescent dyes. To overcome this limitation, a new design of CBC with a dual laser, which irradiates with orthogonal angles for collecting quad-scattering information was proposed. Before development, the scattering difference depending on wavelength must be investigated to only catch up to the scattered signal by angles. Some studies, which focused on simple particles, have been conducted to theoretically and experimentally investigate different scatterings by wavelength. In this study, we propose an optical system for measuring scattered light and investigate a complex particle. As a result, the green laser made strong scattering signals in both the forward and side direction: 10% and 30%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.554-563
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• 2006

Numerous epidemiological studies have shown stronger associations between $PM_{2.5}$ and both mortality and morbidity than $PM_{10}$. The association of $PM_{2.5}$ with respiratory mortality was examined in Seoul, during the period of $1996{\sim}2002$. Because $PM_{2.5}$ data were available for only 10% of this time period, a prediction regression model was developed to estimate $PM_{2.5}$ concentration. Death count due to respiratory-related diseases(total respiratory mortality; ICD-10, J00-J98) and death counts(cause-specific mortality) due to pneumonia(ICD-10, J12-J18), COPD(ICD-10, J40-J44) and asthma(ICD-10, J45-J46) were considered in this study. Averaged daily mortality was 5.6 for total respiratory mortality and 1.1 to 1.6 for cause-specific mortality. Generalized additive Poisson models controlling for confounders were used to evaluate the acute effects of particle exposures on total respiratory mortality and cause-specific mortality. An IQR increase in 5-day moving average of $PM_{2.5}(22.6{\mu}g/m^3)$ was associated with an 8.2%(95% CI: 4.5 to 12.1%) increase in total respiratory mortality The association of $PM_{2.5}$ was stronger for the elderly ($\geq$65 years old, 10.1%, 95% CI: 5.8 to 14.5%) and for males(8.9%, 95% CI: 2.1 to 11.3%). A $10{\mu}g/m^3$ increase in 5-day moving average of $PM_{2.5}$ was strongly associated with total respiratory mortality in winter(9.5%, 95% CI: 6.6 to 12.4%), followed by spring(3.1%, 95% CI: -1.2 to 7.5%), which was a different pattern with the finding in North American cities. However, our results are generally consistent with those observed in recent epidemiological studies, and suggest that $PM_{2.5}$ has a stronger effect on respiratory mortality in Seoul.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2015

Electrode systems: a protrusion on conductor (POC), a protrusion on enclosure (POE), a crack in epoxy plate and a free particle (FP) were fabricated to simulate insulation defects in a gas insulated switchgear (GIS). $SF_6$ gas was filled in the electrode systems by 3 bar and/or 5 bar, respectively. Partial discharge (PD) pulses were detected through a $50{\Omega}$ non-inductive resistor. A calibration test was carried out according to IEC 60270, and the sensitivity was 0.25 pC/mV. PD pulses were distributed in the phase of $50^{\circ}{\sim}135^{\circ}$ and over 95% of them existed in the phase of $55^{\circ}{\sim}120^{\circ}$ for the POC. PD pulses were distributed in the phase of $230^{\circ}{\sim}310^{\circ}$ and over 90% of them existed in phase of $220^{\circ}{\sim}300^{\circ}$ for the POE. PD pulses occurred in the phase of $40^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}$ and $220^{\circ}{\sim}300^{\circ}$ for the crack, and pulse counts were 25% higher in negative polarity than in positive polarity. PD pulses were distributed in every phase unlike to other three electrode systems and the peak magnitude was measured at $118^{\circ}$ and $260^{\circ}$ for the FP. As described above, PD pulses were observed in positive polarity for the POC, in negative one for the POE, in both one for the crack and the FP. In conclusion, it is expected that the identification rate of defect type can be improved by considering the polarity ratio of PD pulses on the PRPDA method.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 2017

This study was conducted prepare spray-dried powder using pumpkin sweet potato hydrolysates and examine the physicochemical properties of the powder. The insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber of the pumpkin sweet potato treated by enzyme were 4.17% and 2.07%, respectively. The spray-dried pumpkin sweet potato hydrolysates was manufactured via spray-drying with different forming agents: i.e., pectin 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2.0%. The moisture contents and total starches of the spray-dried powders were approximately 1.68-2.46 and 45.32-46.51%, respectively. The color of the L and a value decreased, and that of the b and ${\Delta}E$ value increased. The particle size and outer topology of the spray-dried powders were $37.17-42.32{\mu}m$, and its shape was generally globular. The water absorption index of the spray-dried powder (1.74-1.91) was lower than that of the freeze-dried powder (2.15). The water solubility index of the spray-dried powder, 80.75-87.61%, was higher than that of the freeze-dried powder (70.47%). The adhesion values of spray-dried powder to epithelial HT-29 cells were 2.66-6.18% of the initial cell counts, whereas freeze-dried powder showed lower adhesive ability (1.79%). The in vitro human digestibility in the spray-dried powder was 70.09% which is very effective in digestion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.644-652
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• 2006

This study was investigated the utilization of pomegranate(P) as coagulants for 새려 manufacture, the quality characteristics and shelf-life on tofu made by P1(fruit juice of pomegranate 1%) and P2(fruit juice of pomegranate 2%) and P3(fruit juice of pomegranate 3%) and P4(fruit juice of pomegranate 4%) and P5(fruit juice of pomegranate 5%) were investigated and compared to G.D.L(C). And also, total microbe and tatal acid of the tofu were determined during storage at $0^{\circ}C^$. The results are summarized as follow P3(493.3g/500ml) compared to C(485g/500ml) showed the highest yield. Turbidity of tofu was increased as the proportion of pomegranate was increased, while pH of tofu was increased as the proportion of pomegranate was decreased. $L^{\ast}^{\ast}^{\ast}$ value of C tofu was highest, $a^{\ast}^{\ast}^{\ast}$ value of tofu was increased as the proportion of pomegranate was increased and $b^{\ast}^{\ast}^{\ast}$ value of C tofu was higher than those of other tofus. The hardness of tofu coagulated with pomegranate showed higher than that of coagulated G.D.L. The cohesiveness of P4, P5 showed higher than C tofu, but those of other tofus showed lower than C tofu. The springiness of tofu showed in the order of P4>P5>P3>P2>P1, gumminess of P5 tofu was highest. The Brittleness of tofu was increased as the proportion of pomegranate increased. The pH value of tofu coagulated with pomegranate increased during storage at $0^{\circ}C^$. During the storage period of tofu, pH and total acid showed a maximum change in C tofu. Generally the total plate counts of bacteria of all tofu increased during storage at $0^{\circ}C^$, and those of tofu with added pomegranate were shown to be lower than C tofu. The results of S.E.M(scanning electron microscopes), the lower hardness showed the more soft and the smaller particle, The particle of C tofu was small and uniformity but the size of P4, P5 tofu showed coarse. In the sensory evaluation of all tofu, sleekness, nutty, chewiness and smoothness, appearance and overall quality was the highest in C tofu. In the sensory evaluation of tofus coagulated with pomegranate. overall quality was the highest in P2.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2011

Trickling filter has been extensively studied for the domestic wastewater treatment especially for the small scale plants in rural area. The purpose of this research is to survey the physical and microbial characteristics of wood chip media and the removal efficiency of animal wastewater using wood chip trickling filter system. The trickling filtration system comprises a filtration bed packed with wood chip media having a particle dia. of 5~7cm. The method comprises natural air from the bottom of the bed. The system also comprises a control mechanism including a time a constant discharge pump for controlling supply of the wastewater into the bed. The following conclusions were obtained from the results of this research. 1. The specific surface area of wood chip was 0.4123 $m^2$/g, pore volume was 0.0947 $cm^3$/g, density was 0.49 g/$cm^3$. It has forms of parallelogram and oblong which have numerous small pore space. This wood chip has been good condition for microorganism's habitat, having very larger specific surface area by complex the three dimension structure of cellulose at wood's major ingredients. 2. The total counts of in attached aerobic microbes were ranged from $10^6$ to $10^8$ CFU/g, and anaerobes microbial numbers were from $10^4$ to $10^7$. The aerobic microbial numbers appeared to be much more than those of anaerobic microbial numbers. 3. The average efficiency of $BOD_5$ and CODcr were 74.5% and 51.5%, respectively. The removal efficiency of T-N and T-P were 61.4%, 56.2%, respectively. But SS removal levels remain 19.3%.