• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.486-503
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• 2022

This study explored the physiochemical and rheological properties of chicken breast sausages containing red ginseng marc (RGM) which contains useful components but is discarded. When compared to the control group, the use of RGM significantly increased the water holding capacity (WHC) as the particle size increased. As for the change in color value, addition of RGM resulted in an increase in a and b values; as the quantity was increased and particle size decreased, the a and b values increased significantly. The smaller the particle size of RGM, the greater was the radical scavenging activity. According to the results of the measurement of the viscoelasticity of chicken breast sausage containing RGM, the G' and G'' values increased with increasing amounts of RGM and particle size. Neither the addition of RGM nor its amount or particle size had any significant effect on gel formation temperature. The texture profile analysis (TPA) experiment examined the average TPA measurements of each sample under different measurement conditions, and no significant difference between the RGM and control groups were observed. In conclusion, when RGM is used in chicken breast sausages, the WHC, antioxidant capacity, and viscoelastic properties are affected. RGM can possibly be utilized in high value-added processed meat products if its quantity and particle size are altered based on product characteristics.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.7-21
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• 2013

Twelve-hour size-resolved atmospheric aerosols were measured to determine size distributions of water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC) during daytime and nighttime, and to investigate sources and formation pathways of WSOC in individual particle size classes. Mass, WSOC, ${NO_3}^-$, $K^+$, and $Cl^-$ at day and night showed mostly bimodal size distributions, peaking at the size range of $0.32-0.55{\mu}m$(condensation mode) and $3.1-6.2{\mu}m$(coarse mode), respectively, with a predominant condensation mode and a minor coarse mode. While ${NH_4}^+$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ showed unimodal size distributions which peaked between 0.32 and $0.55{\mu}m$. WSOC was enriched into nuclei mode particles(< $0.1{\mu}m$) based on the WSOC-to-mass and WSOC-to-water soluble species ratios. The sources and formation mechanisms of WSOC were inferred in reference to the size distribution characteristics of inorganic species(${SO_4}^{2-}$, ${NO_3}^-$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, and $Cl^-$) and carbon monoxide. Nuclei mode WSOC was likely associated with primary combustion sources during daytime and nighttime. Among significant sources contributing to the condensation mode WSOC were homogeneous gas-phase oxidation of VOCs, primary combustion emissions, and fresh(or slightly aged) biomass burning aerosols. The droplet mode WSOC could be attributed to aqueous oxidation of VOCs in clouds, cloud-processed biomass burning aerosols, and small contributions from primary combustion sources. From the correlations between WSOC and soil-related particles, and between WSOC and sea-salt particles, it is suggested that the coarse mode WSOC during daytime is likely to condense on the soil-related particles($K^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$), while the WSOC in the coarse fraction during nighttime is likely associated with the sea-salt particles($Na^+$).

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 1976

Foam formation of Slag-Quartz-$\textrm{Na}_2\textrm{CO}_3$ system was investigated. The foaming agent used was sulphide and sulphate compounds which are present in the slag. The microstructures and x-ray analysis of foam slag, the effect of composition and particle size of slag on the formation temperature, and foam size and distribution of slag foam were studied. The Increment of $\textrm{Na}_2\textrm{O}$ in the slag batch composition decrease the initial foam formation temperature and enhance the foam growth. The formation of temperature and soaking time had pronounced effect on the foam growth and increasing the glass phase in the slag foam.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.655-661
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• 1999

${\beta}$-SiC formation mechanism in Si melt-C-SiC system with varying in size of carbon source was investigated. A continuous reaction sintering process using Si melt infiltration method was adopted to control the reaction sintering time effectively. It was found that ${\beta}$-SiC formation mechanism in Si melt-C-SiC system was directly affected by the size of carbon source. In the Si melt-C-SiC system with large carbon source ${\beta}$-SiC formation mechanism could be divided into two stages depending on the reaction sintering time: in early stage of reaction sintering carbon dissolution in Si melt and precipitation of ${\beta}$-SiC was occurred preferentially and then SIC nucleation and growth was controlled by diffusion of carbon throughy the ${\beta}$-SiC layer formed on graphite particle. Furthmore a dissolution rate of graphite particles in Si melt could be accelerated by the infiltration of Si melt through basal plane of graphite crystalline.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2008

Purpose: Biphasic calcium phosphates have been of great interest recently. Mixing adequate ratios of hydroxyapatite(HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate($\beta$-TCP) allowed to control the resorption rate without distorting its osteoconductive property. This study evaluated the bone formation effect of newly developed biphasic calcium phosphate(BCP) in calvarial defect of rabbits. Materials and Methods: 6 male New Zealand rabbits were used. Four defects with 8mm in diameter were created on each animal. BCP with HA/$\beta$-TCP ratio of 7:3 and particle size of $0.5{\sim}1.0\;mm$ was used as the test group and bovine bone with $0.25{\sim}1.0\;mm$ particle size, as the control group. Both test and control group materials were randomly implanted in the calvarial defects and were covered witha polymer membrane. The animals were sacrificed after 12, 24, and 48 weeks of implantation under general euthanasia. Resin blocks were obtained and were stained by masson's trichrome for histological observation. Results: Overall results were uneventful without any defect exposure or inflammation. The amount of new bone formation and bone maturity increased with increase in healing period at both groups. New bone in test group was mostly formed along the material particle surrounded by osteoblasts, and observation of osteoblastic stream was also present. Bone maturity increased as it was closer to thedefect margins. Under the same healing period, the test group showed more bone formation than the control group with more stable bovine bone particles remaining even after 48 weeks, whereas considerable resorption took place in BCP. Almost total defect closure was observed in test group with new bone formation in the central part of the defect. However, limited new bone formation was observed in the control group. Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, the present study reveals the newly developed BCP to be a good osteoconductive material. However, further studies are needed to be conducted in a different study model with a larger sample size.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.117-125
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• 1998

The paper attempts to estimate the incubation time of a cavity in the interface between a power law creep particle and an elastic matrix subjected to a uniaxial stress. Since the power law creep particle is time dependent, the stresses in the interface relax. The volume free energy associated with Helmholtz free energy includes strain energies caused by applied stress and dislocations piled up in interface(DPI). The energy due to DPI is found by modifying the result of Dundurs and Mura[4]. The volume free energies caused by both applied stress and DPI are a function of the cavity size(r) and elapsed time(t) and arise from stress relaxation in the interface. Critical radius $r^*$ and incubation time $t^*$ to maximise Helmholtz free energy is found in present analysis. Also, kinetics of cavity formation are investigated using the results obtained by Riede [7]. The incubation time is defined in the analysis as the time required to satisfy both the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions. Through the analysis it is found that 1) strain energy caused by the applied stress does not contribute significantly to the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of a cavity formation, 2) in order to satisfy both thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, critical radius $r^*$ decreases or holds constant with increase of the time until the kinetic condition(eq. 2.3) is satisfied. there for the cavity may not grow right after it is formed, as postulated by Harris [15], and Ishida and Mclean [16], 3) the effects of strain rate exponent (m), material constant $\sigma$0, volume fraction of the particle to matrix(f)and particle size on the incubation time are estimated using material constants of the copper as matrix.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2003

The near wake behind a sinusoidal cylinder has been investigated quantitatively using hot-wire anemometer and qualitative. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity were measured in streamwise and spanwise direction. The results show that the wake in the saddle plane has a longer vortex formation region and rapid reversed flow than that in nodal plane. The elongated vortex formation region of sinusoidal cylinder is related with drag reduction. In addition, the flow visualized with particle tracing method support the flow characteristics of sinusoidal cylinder measured by hot-wire.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.61-65
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• 1985

This stud deals with the conditions for the Formation of Ba-Ferrite by Hydrothemal synthesis Suspensions Containing either iron(III) hydroxide or hydroxide oxide and barium ians were subjected to autoclavings at various temperatures from 150 to 30$0^{\circ}C$. A ferromagnetic precipitate BaO.$6Fe_2O_3$ consisting of hexagonal plate-like particle was obtained by suitable combination of temperature and concentration of KOH

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.413-414
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• 2006

The effects of several experimental parameters on the formation of stable Ni nanoparticles dispersion were investigated. The suspensions of Ni nanoparticles were produced in organic solvents using Hypermer KD-2 as a dispersant. The transmission profiles, particle size distribution, zeta potential, and visual inspection results were used to discuss the stability of the dispersion. The optimal conditions for the formation of stable dispersion are evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

The rheological properties of highly concentrated Ag nano sol depending on particle size were studied. The Ag nano sol was prepared by reducing the Ag ion in aqueous solution. The size of Ag nano particle was controlled by two steps of nucleation and growth, and the thickness of adsorption layer was varied by molecular weight of polyelectrolytes. The polyelectrolytes acted as not only ionic complex agent in ionic state and but also dispersant after formation of Ag nano sol. The effective volume was controlled by combination of varying the molecular weight of polyelectrolytes and the size Ag nano sol. The particle size and the viscosity of nano sol were characterized by particle size analyzer, HR-TEM and cone & plate viscometer. It was found that the 10 nm and 40 nm-sized Ag nano sols were prepared by controlling the nucleation and growth steps, respectively. Finally, we could prepare highly concentrated Ag nano sol over 50 wt%.