• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.918-928
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• 2024

Objective: The adulteration of raw beef (BMr) with dog meat (DMr) and pork (PMr) becomes a serious problem because it is associated with halal status, quality, and safety of meats. This research aimed to develop an effective authentication method to detect non-halal meats (dog meat and pork) in beef using metabolomics approach. Methods: Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) using untargeted approach combined with chemometrics was applied for analysis non-halal meats in BMr. Results: The untargeted metabolomics approach successfully identified various metabolites in BMr DMr, PMr, and their mixtures. The discrimination and classification between authentic BMr and those adulterated with DMr and PMr were successfully determined using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy. All BMr samples containing non-halal meats could be differentiated from authentic BMr. A number of discriminating metabolites with potential as biomarkers to discriminate BMr in the mixtures with DMr and PMr could be identified from the analysis of variable importance for projection value. Partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) regression using discriminating metabolites showed high accuracy (R² >0.990) and high precision (both RMSEC and RMSEE <5%) in predicting the concentration of DMr and PMr present in beef indicating that the discriminating metabolites were good predictors. The developed untargeted LC-HRMS metabolomics and chemometrics successfully identified non-halal meats adulteration (DMr and PMr) in beef with high sensitivity up to 0.1% (w/w). Conclusion: A combination of LC-HRMS untargeted metabolomic and chemometrics promises to be an effective analytical technique for halal authenticity testing of meats. This method could be further standardized and proposed as a method for halal authentication of meats.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 1999

The consumer demands for quality of meats has become diverse in recent years. The present paper describes mainly the technology to improve the broiler meat quality with special reference to reducing fat contents in edible meats which is the heart of the quality constraints. Abdominal fat deposition in broilers was reduced by feeding of medium-chain triglycerides(MCT), suggesting MCT feeding is useful to produce broiler meat with low fat content. A phase feeding system to aim at improving meat quality that is mainly comprised with partial replacement of dietary protein into phase during 4∼6 weeks increased edible meat yields and reduced abdominal fat deposition and fat contents in breast and thigh meats. Whiteness of fat tissue was intensified by feeding beef tallow or lard in place of yellow grease. Feeding Phaffia yeast containing astaxanthin increased redness of breast and thigh meats and improved visual appearance of meats which may be preferential for consumers. Feeding fish oil reduced abdominal fat deposition and increased EPA and DHA contents of fat tissues. These procedures could be used for manipulation of meat quality to meet consumer demands.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2023

Based on the theory of planned behavior, this study aims to examine the structural equation model among consumers' concerns and purchase intentions for alternative meats. Data were collected from 300 adults living in Kyeonggi Province. Results show that animal welfare, environmental concern, and health concern all have a direct and significant effect on purchase intention of alternative meat, and the mediation effect is also significant, indicating a partial mediation effect. The image of a company as caring about animal welfare and contributing to public causes can help sell alternative meats. Media publicity focusing on animal welfare for alternative meats can improve the attitudes of domestic consumers as well as their intention to purchase alternative meat products.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

A grading system is implemented to evaluate the meat quality of Hanwoo. In the grading system, grade 1++A is the highest grade. Livestock farms breed Hanwoo with good quality feed in order to obtain the highest grade. In this process, the content ratios of muscles in individual regions can be changed. To find out the muscle distribution ratios of Hanwoo steers, grade 1A, 1+A, and 1++A Hanwoo steers were compared with grade 1+A Hanwoo female. Grade 1A Hanwoo steers had higher ratios of shank (SK), brisket and flank (BF), neck chain (NC), and inside skirt (IS) meats and a lower ratio of striploin (SL) meat compared to grade 1+A Hanwoo feamle. Grade 1++A Hanwoo steers had higher ratios of neck (NK) and loin (LN) meats and lower ratios of inside skirt (IS), tenderloin (TL), top round (TR), eye round (ER), bottom round (BR), bottom sirloin triangle (BST), and knuckle (K) meats compared to grade 1+A Hanwoo steers. In comparison between grade 1A and 1++A Hanwoo steers, the ratio of shank (SK) was significantly lower in higher quality meats. If the changes are continuously studied to improve the process so that the ratios of partial meats of the regions highly preferred by consumers can increase, it will contribute to increases in the incomes of livestock farms and enable Hanwoo to grow into a global brand.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.761-767
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to predict total bacteria count of pork meats by using the portable electronic nose systems developed throughout two stages of the prototypes. Total bacteria counts were measured for pork meats stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 21days and compared with the signals of the electronic nose systems. PLS(Partial least square), PCR (Principal component regression), MLR (Multiple linear regression) models were developed for the prediction of total bacteria count of pork meats. The coefficient of determination ($R_p{^2}$) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for the models were 0.789 and 0.784 log CFU/g with the 1st system for the pork loin, 0.796 and 0.597 log CFU/g with the 2nd system for the pork belly, and 0.661 and 0.576 log CFU/g with the 2nd system for the pork loin respectively. The results show that the developed electronic system has potential to predict total bacteria count of pork meats.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate usual meat intake distribution, which may have been over/underestimated when estimations were made using only the third food codes of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: For this purpose, 24-hour recall data from the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which conducted a partial 2-day survey of food intake, were used. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) was used to estimate the distribution of the usual intake of red and processed meats. Results: The results of this study show that the mean intake of red meat was 45.07 g while that of processed meat was 4.33 g. These results are slightly higher than the consumption calculated using only tertiary food code, and the difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, characteristics of the estimated usual intake distribution were a smaller standard deviation, increased lower percentiles, and decreased upper percentiles compared to the 2-day mean intake distribution for both red and processed meats. The proportion of individuals not consuming red meat decreased substantially from approximately 37% to 0.7%. The proportion of consumption that exceeded 90 g, which is the upper limit of red meat intake recommended by the National Health Service (NHS), was only approximately 10% in the distribution of usual intake. Conclusions: As the consumption of processed foods is expected to continuously increase, caution is needed regarding the processes used to calculate food (group) intake to avoid over/underestimation. Moreover, use of KNHANES data to calculate the proportion of the population at risk of insufficiency or excess intake of certain nutrients or food (group), based on one day intake that does not address within-individual variation, may lead to biased estimates.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2015

N-nitrosamines, which are classified as carcinogens by IARC and US EPA, can be easily found in various foods. They are reaction products between nitrogen oxide and secondary amines, but can also be generated during fermentation. Ever since the 1960s, when nitrite, used as a preservative in processed meats, was suspected to generate N-nitrosamines, the usage of the food additive has been debated. However, the benefit of nitrite in food supply could not be ignored and the risk-benefit analysis has become a key issue in the use of the additive. For a risk analysis, an accurate estimation of the hazardous material is necessary; therefore, analytical methods for nitrosamines have continuously evolved from the 1950s. Solid supported liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extractions have replaced the distillation for the clean-up steps, and tandem mass spectrometry is employed for higher selectivity and sensitivity. In the present study, for a better estimation of N-nitrosamine intake, the total diet study samples were prepared for the N-nitrosamines analysis. In order to obtain the most sensitive results, a partial preparation procedure was developed and modified for different food matrices. Among seven N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, and N-nitrosomorpholine) analyzed in the present study, N-nitrosodiethylamine has shown the highest detection rate in agricultural foods, while N-nitrosodimethylamine has appeared most frequently in livestock and fishery food products. The concentration of N-nitrosodimethylamine was the highest in seasoning.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.321-333
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• 2020

Beef quality is influenced by the fattening period. Therefore, meat metabolomics profiles from the different fattening periods (e.g., short-term vs. long-term) were analyzed for identify potential indicators using nuclear magnetic resonance. Additionally, blood, free fatty acid, sensory, and mineral compositions in Korean steers were determined. Blood, free fatty acid, and mineral concentrations showed significant differences between short-term and long-term groups that were fed different diets. However, there were no sensory differences in the two fattening groups. Additionally, the metabolic profiles of meats were clearly separated based on multivariate orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. Six metabolites of variable importance in the projection plot were identified and showed high sensitivity as candidate markers for meat characteristics. In particular, lactate, carnosine, and creatine could be directly linked to scientific indicators of the fattening stage (31 vs. 28 mo) of meat. Our findings suggest that the metabolomics approach could be a powerful method for the detection of novel signatures underlying the managing period of beef.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2011

본 시험은 한국토종닭의 3원 교배가 생산성과 육질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 공시계는 국립축산과학원 축산자원개발부에서 보유하고 있는 한국토종닭 순종을 3원 교배하여 발생한 암수 병아리 540수와 백세미 180수를 이용하였다. 시험 설계는 A) CS${\times}$B, B) CH${\times}$S, C) RS${\times}$H, D) 백세미에서 발생된 4 교배종의 병아리를 각각 암수 구분하여, $4{\times}2$의 총 8교배종, 교배종당 9반복, 반복당 10수씩($4{\times}2{\times}9{\times}10$) 총 720수를 완전임의 배치하였다. 목표 체중에 도달했을 때(5주령과 10주령), 교배 조합에 따라 각각 수컷 9수씩 도축하여 도체율과 부분육(날개, 등, 목, 가슴, 다리) 비율을 조사하고 육질검사를 하였다. 수정율은 처리구간에 차이가 없었으며, 부화율은 B 교배종이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 체중은 5주령에 수컷의 체중이 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 증체량, 사료 요구율은 A 교배종이 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 도체율의 경우에는, 5주령에 A 교배종이 가장 높았으나(P<0.05), 10주령에는 교배종간 차이가 없었다. 부분육의 경우, 5주령시에는 C 교배종의 날개, 목, 가슴, 다리의 비율이 다른 교배종에 비해 낮았으나(P<0.05), 가슴 부위는 다른 교배종과 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 10주령에는 A 교배종의 가슴 비율이 가장 높았으며(P<0.05), 다른 부분육의 비율은 교배종간 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). 5주령 계육의 화학적 성상을 보면, pH는 교배 조합 사이에서 유의차가 없었으며, 수분의 함량은 D 교배종, 단백질 함량은 B 교배종이 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 지방과 회분 함량은 교배 조합 사이에서 유의차가 없었다. 10주령의 계육의 화학적 성상은 pH가 A 교배 조합에서 가장 높았고, 수분, 지방, 단백질 및 회분 함량은 교배 조합 사이에서 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 5주령의 육색은 명도($L^*$)와 적색도($a^*$)는 교배종간 차이가 없었으나, 10주령의 육색은 A 교배종의 적색도($a^*$)가 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 5주령에서 전단력과 가열 감량은 A 교배종이 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05). 10주령의 가열 감량은 A 교배종이 다른 교배종들에 비해 낮았다(P<0.05).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the overall changes in dietary intake and metabolic syndrome risk parameters in Vietnamese marriage-based female immigrants over time. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects of this study were 581 Vietnamese marriage-based female immigrants, who were recruited from local clinical centers in Korea. Baseline data were collected from 2006-2011 and the follow-up data were collected from 2012-2014. Dietary food intake was assessed by a 1-day 24-hour recall method. RESULTS: Compared to the baseline, the mean body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased while the fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased at follow-up. The total consumption of foods such as vegetables/fruits/seaweeds/mushrooms, oil and fat, and eggs decreased during the follow-up period, whereas the consumption of sugars, beverages and meats increased. Partial correlation between the rate of change [(Follow-up - Baseline) / Baseline ${\times}100$] in metabolic syndrome risk parameters and food intake after controlling for confounding factors showed that the waist circumference was positively correlated with either the total plant food intake (r = 0.1042, P = 0.0129) or the total food intake (r = 0.0880, P = 0.0359). The plasma levels of total cholesterol (r = -0.1918, P = 0.0289) and HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.1424, P = 0.0007) were negatively correlated with the percentage of total intake from plant food, and HDL-cholesterol levels were positively correlated with the intake of total animal food (r = 0.0980, P = 0.0217). The serum C-reactive protein levels were positively correlated with the total intake of animal food (r = 0.2374, P < 0.0001) or the percentage of total intake from animal food (r = 0.1346, P = 0.0016). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the change rate of dietary intake such as total plant food or animal food is associated with the change rates of metabolic syndrome risk parameters.