• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

Purpose - This study examines college students' perceived choice attributes in traditional markets and the relationship quality. We study the relationships between attributes that common people look for while choosing a store (e.g., product, service, advertising, and atmosphere), consumption emotion, consumer's value, and relationship quality. Research design, data, methodology - In order to verify the relationship between choice attributes and relationship quality, and moderating (i.e., consumption emotion) and mediating effects (i.e., customer value), we collected data from 202 consumers in Gyeonggi province to test the theoretical model and its hypotheses. For this purpose, this study, utilized an empirical methodology. Results - First, contrary to the previous research findings involving college students, this study observed that four factors of store choice attributes at a traditional market were important to consumers in heightening the relationship quality. Specifically, product (β = .608, p < .01), service (β = .351, p < .01), advertising (β = .237, p < .01), and atmosphere (β = .425, p < .01) are significantly related to relationship quality. Second, consumers selected product (β =. 521, p < .01) as the most important attribute. Atmosphere (β = .254, p < .01) and service division (β = .148, p < .05), in this order, are the other important factors in this regard. However, advertising (β = -.112, p = .100) is not statistically significant. To improve and develop the relationship quality with consumers, traditional markets should ensure supply of suitable products and goods, improve store atmosphere by modernizing facilities, and educate merchants to improve their services. Third, the results of the moderating effects, although marginally statistically significant, suggest that for the consumers with low consumption emotion for traditional markets, an affirmative experience of products and store atmosphere heightens their values. In addition, the consumers having low consumption emotion who could promote consumer values were found to improve and develop a marginally significant relationship quality. Finally, the study revealed that the consumer's value exhibited a complete mediation effect in the relationships between service and relationship quality, and advertising and relationship quality and a partial mediation effect in the relationships between product and relationship quality, and atmosphere and relationship quality. Conclusions - Consumer satisfaction is important to increase the competitiveness of traditional markets, and products and store atmosphere are important attributes to increase the relationship quality. Specifically, merchants should supply different products, modernize their facilities, and improve store atmosphere to compete in traditional markets. In addition, traditional markets should provide value and competitive prices to attract consumers, and should maximize the consumer's value and promote the consumption emotion. Traditional markets should evolve to accommodate changes in the consumer's value and invest in not only functional elements but also symbolic elements.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2014

We designed a 16-week feeding experiment to test the effects of dietary supplementation with distillers' dried grain (DDG) on the growth, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile muddy loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Seven isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0% DDG (Control); 10%, 20%, and 30 % DDG from rice (diets RM10, RM20 and RM30); and 10%, 20%, and 30% DDG from rice and wheat flour (diets RWM10, RWM20 and RWM30), respectively. Three replicate groups of juvenile muddy loach averaging $1.5{\pm}0.10$ g were fed one of the diets to satiation twice daily. Survival of juvenile muddy loach fed the RWM20 and RWM30 diets was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), while weight gain tended to decrease when fish were fed diets containing DDG. Weight gain of fish fed the RWM10 diet was greater than that of fish fed other diets, but the RM30 diet resulted in less weight gain than did the control (P<0.05). The feed and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed the RM10, RM20, RM30, RWM10, RWM20 and RWM30 diets were all similar to the control (P>0.05). Neither daily feed intake nor proximate composition of the whole body was affected by dietary DDG (P>0.05). The compositions of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, threonine, and valine were all elevated in fish fed the RM30, RWM10, RWM20 and RWM30 diets relative to those of other groups (P<0.05). In contrast, methionine + cystine and phenylalanine + tyrosine were all lower in fish fed the RM30, RWM10, RWM20 and RWM30 diets, as compared to those of other groups (P<0.05). Our results suggest that DDG is suitable as a partial replacement for soybean meal and wheat flour, and could be used at a rate of up to 20% for rice, or 30% for rice and wheat flour, for optimum growth performance of juvenile muddy loach.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 1991

The purposes of this study were to identify causal factors of Anxiety and to analyze correlation between perceived family support and anxiety in hemiplegic patients. The subjects of this study were 88 hospitalized hemiplegic patients at Kyung - Hee Oriental medicine Hospital. Data were collected by using interview with questionaire from Jan. 15 to Mar, 31, 1990. The measurement tools used by this researcher were Kang's family support scale, Spielberger's trait anxiety scale and the other anxiety scale which was developed by this researcher, approved it's reliability and validity. For the purposes of the study, the collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA and the hypothesis was tested by pearson correlation, partial correlation. The results of the study were as follow. 1) The analysis of causal factor of anxiety higher anxiety these three cases ; \circled1 1st causal factor was the delayed recovery of paralyzed upper limbs(2.42$\pm$1.27). \circled2 End causal factor was the dysfunction of physical ability(2.30$\pm$1.29). \circled3 3rd causal factor was difficulty for walking(2.30$\pm$0.83) and the anxiety level(2.02$\pm$0.83) of physical factor was the highest level than any other factors. 2) The hypothesis that the more perceived family support level is the less anxiety level of patient was supported(r＝-.29, p＝.003). 3) The analysis of the general characteristics exerting influences on anxiety level patients ; (sex, age, marrital status, religious, education level, occupation, economic status, experience of hospitalization, care giver, the period of hospitalizatiot side of paralysis). In this analysis, any factor has not a statistical significance.(p＞.05). 4) The analysis of the relationship about effective factors of family support level by the general characteristics of patient (sex, age, marrital status, religious, education level, occupation, economic status, experience of hospitalization, care giver, the period of hospitalization, side of paralysis). In this analysis, there was significant difference on perceived family support between married and bereaved patients(t＝-2.68, p＝ .009) As a result of this study, anxiety level of physical factor was higher than any other factors (psychological factor, social factor) and the delayed recovery of paralyzed upper limbs is the largest causal factor of anxiety of physical factor. Meanwhile, the relationship between the degree of family support and the level of anxiety was negatively correlated but the degree of relationship was low. Therefore, one can infer from this study that sufficient information about recovery of physical problems and family support were effective in preventing and reducing anxiety in hemiplegic patient.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-40
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of a firm's dynamic capabilities measured by sensing, seizing, transforming, coordinating, and learning capabilities on its competitive capabilities, such as product quality, process flexibility, delivery speed, and low cost. The relationship among dynamic capabilities, competitive capabilities, and export firm performance is set up as a research model based on empirical studies related to the existing dynamic capability perspective and competitive capabilities. To test this research model, this study collected 102 samples of data using a questionnaire survey on both manufacturing and exporting firms. The partial least squares method is used and the following results are derived from an empirical analysis. First, dynamic capabilities have a positive effect on competitive capabilities, such as product quality, process flexibility, delivery speed, and low cost. Second, product quality and process flexibility have a positive effect on export firm performance. Third, unlike previous research results, this study finds that the competitive capabilities of a firm in the areas of delivery speed and low cost do not significantly affect its performance. These findings provide meaningful implications for export venture firms that need to acquire and maintain competitive advantage in a rapidly changing environment.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.594-600
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• 2003

L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ perovskite-type mixed conducting membranes, which could permeate oxygen selectively, have been fabricated and the microstructural features developed by varying the sintering conditions have been analyzed. The effects of surface modification and the membrane thickness on oxygen permeability have been evaluated under He/air environment. With increasing a grain boundary fraction, the overall oxygen permeability decreased. The syngas (CO+ $H_2$) has been produced by partial oxidation reaction of methane with the oxygen permeated through the membrane. Methane conversion and syngas yield have been evaluated as functions of the compositional ratio of feed gas and reaction temperature. In long-term duration test for 600 h, under C $H_4$+He/air environment, L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membrane showed a highly stable performance.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.234-243
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• 2000

This study investigated the relationships between verbal behaviors and chemistry problem solving ability in cooperative learning. Based on the previous chemistry achievement. 11th-graders were assigned heterogeneously into three-membered groups. Small cooperative group problem solving processes in using 4 stage-problem solving strategy were audio/video taped. Students' chemistry problem solving ability was then measured by a problem solving strategy performance test. Their verbal behaviors were classified into giving information, receiving information, asking questions, and disagreeing. These were further coded into 16 subcategories. Providing, a subcategory of giving information, was the most frequent behavior. In studying partial correlation between verbal behaviors and problem solving ability, 7 categories were found to have significantly positive relationships. Providing showed the highest correlation with the problem solving ability as reported previously. Moreover, this study also revealed significant correlations in the categories of clarifying provided, correcting, justifying, and clarifying. In the case of low-ability students, the verbal behaviors of giving or receiving information were strongly correlated with problem solving ability. However, these verbal behaviors did not enhance the problem solving ability of high- and medium-ability students.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.353-356
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• 2006

Acute transverse myelitis (TM) is a neurological syndrome caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. TM is rare but is frequently caused by viral or bacterial infections. TM caused by tuberculosis (TB) is extremely rare and there are no reports of TM caused by multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). We report a case of acute TM due to MDR-TB in a 40-year-old man. The patient had been diagnosed with pulmonary TB and was started on the first-line anti-TB treatment. However, the chest radiographic findings were aggravated and neurological symptoms such as weakness in both lower extremities, sensory changes, and voiding difficulty were newly developed. The T2-weighted magnetic resonance image of the spine showed diffusely increased signal intensity in the spinal cord, particularly at the lower cervical and upper thoracic levels, without any definite evidence of myeloradicular compression, which is consistent with a diagnosis of TM. A drug susceptibility test revealed MDR and second-line anti-TB drugs were prescribed. The chest radiographic findings showed improvement after treatment, the mycobacterial culture converted to negative, the MRI findings improved, and there was partial improvement in the low extremity weakness. The patient has been prescribing second-line anti-TB medications for 14 months.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 2015

Objectives In this study, the authors evaluated the correlation between levels of serum lipid, homocysteine, and folate with volumes of hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum, and in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) type. Methods The study recruited patients who visited the dementia clinic of Haeundae Paik Hospital in Korea between March 2010 and June 2014. Among those, patients who had taken the neurocognitive test, brain magnetic resonance imaing, tests for serum lipid, homocysteine, folate, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping and diagnosed with aMCI or AD were included for analysis. Bilateral hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala and corpus callosum were selected for region of interest (ROI). The cross-sectional relationships between serum lipid, homocysteine, folate and ROI were assessed by partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results In patients with aMCI, old age (> 80) and APOE ${\varepsilon}4$ carrier were associated with AD [odds ration (OR) : 12.80 ; 95% confidence interval (CI) : 2.25-72.98 and OR : 4.48 ; 95% CI : 1.58-12.67, respectively]. In patients with aMCI or AD, volumes and thickness of ROI were inversely correlated with levels of serum lipid and homocysteine. In multiple linear regression analyses, higher total cholesterol level was related to lower left, right hippocampus volume and left amygdala volume ; higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was related to lower right entorhinal cortex thickness ; higher homocysteine level was related to lower corpus callosum volume. Conclusions Higher serum lipid and homocysteine levels are associated with decreased volume of hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum and entorhinal cortex thickness in patients with aMCI or AD. These findings suggest that serum lipid and homocysteine levels are associated with AD as a modifiable risk factor.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find out tendency of traffic accident patients treated in korean medicine hospital. Methods : We investigated 77 patients who were treated in Semyung University Korean Medicine Hospital from 1 st, January, 2007 to the 30st September, 2009. Results and Conclusions : 1. In distribution of gender and age, the rate of male was 36.4%, that of female was 63.6% and majority of patients were twenties, thirties and forties. 2. In the traffic accident patterns, the most was car crash from behind(49.4%) and after traffic accident, 42 patients(54.6%) visited our hospital in less than 5 days. 3. 22 patients(28.6%) choose the oriental medical treatment for primary care. And 35 patients(45.4%) visited our hospital due to preference of oriental medicine. 4. In partial pain, most was the neck(76.6%), followed by low back(61.0%). 5. In radiation test(excluded sprain and straightening), the most was HIVD of L-SPINE(14.0%). 6. In the periods of admission, less than 7 days was the 1st(36.4%), 14 days was the 2nd(27.3%). 7. The treatment was effective to 67 patients out of 77 patients who had been hospitalized.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.179-186
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• 2010

The present study is a partial extension of the Duncan-Johnson and Donchin (1979) and Soskins, Rosenfeld, and Niendam (2001) studies that found some effects of high pass filter (HPF) setting on P300 waveform. EEGs were recorded while the subjects performed a visual three-stimulus oddball task, and the Fz and Pz EEG signals were passed through 0.01 Hz, 0.3 Hz, and 1.0 Hz HPFs. P300 amplitudes at Fz and Pz were reduced at 1.0 Hz HPF compared to 0.01 Hz and 0.3 Hz HPFs. The negative peaks post P300 at Fz and Pz were not observed at 0.01 Hz HPF, but observed at 0.3 Hz and 1.0 Hz HPFs. The combination of 0.3 Hz HPF and peak-to-peak P300 measures was more useful than that of 0.01 Hz, 0.3 Hz, or 1.0 Hz HPF and baseline-to-peak P300 measures to discriminate between non-target and standard stimuli. The peak-to-peak P300 measures were more useful than the baseline-topeak P300 measures at 1.0 Hz HPF setting.