• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1026-1033
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• 2022

This study presents a novel DNA part characterization technique that increases throughput by combinatorial DNA part assembly, solid plate-based quantitative fluorescence assay for phenotyping, and barcode tagging-based long-read sequencing for genotyping. We confirmed that the fluorescence intensities of colonies on plates were comparable to fluorescence at the single-cell level from a high-end, flow-cytometry device and developed a high-throughput image analysis pipeline. The barcode tagging-based long-read sequencing technique enabled rapid identification of all DNA parts and their combinations with a single sequencing experiment. Using our techniques, forty-four DNA parts (21 promoters and 23 RBSs) were successfully characterized in 72 h without any automated equipment. We anticipate that this high-throughput and easy-to-use part characterization technique will contribute to increasing part diversity and be useful for building genetic circuits and metabolic pathways in synthetic biology.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: The vigorous shoot growth in upper part of apple tree canopy leads to poor fruit quality and flower bud formation in lower part of canopy. So, this study was conducted to develop the proper control method about the shoot growth in upper part of apple tree canopy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Trunks of 'Fuji'/M9 apple trees were cut (back pruned) to 2.5 m in tree height on 11 February (dormant) or 12 April (full bloom). Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was applied at 2.0% to cut surface when trunk was pruned. Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) was sprayed at 250 mg/L above 2.0 m in tree height at 23 April (petal fall). The NAA or Pro-Ca application after trunk was pruned at dormant (TR-2 and TR-3) significantly reduced shoot growth in upper part of canopy compared with the control (tree was only pruned at dormant, TR-1), but the percent of shoots showing the secondary growth of TR-3 was higher over 2 times than that of TR-2. The reduction of shoot growth in upper part of canopy by TR-2 and TR-3 increased the fruit red color from the lower part in the treating year and blooming of the lower part in the following year. CONCLUSION: Applying 2.0% NAA to cut surface of pruned apple trunk at dormant was the most effective way for stabilization of the tree vigor in upper part of the canopy in a high density apple orchard.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1999

This study was performed for purpose of getting fundamental information requisite to wear velvet clothes that is more comfortable for the human body and also the environment. It was carried out in a human wearing test and thermal manikin test at the same time in a controlled-condition chamber. The experimental environment had a ambient temperature of 15$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$ with the relative humidity at 5$^{\circ}C$$\pm$5% and with air velocity at less that than 0.2m/sec. Velvet differ from common plain weaves in thermal properties because it's constructed in two parts one is ground part and the other part is pile part. In order to investigate the thermal resistance of velvet eight different combination of 4 velvet kinds and 2 lings kinds as experimental clothes. [(4 velvet kinds : Acetate cuprammoium Rayon Cotton Wool) (2 lining kinds : acetate viscose rayon)longrightarrow8 combination: Aa, Av, Ra, Rv, Ca, Cv, Wa, Wv: the simplified character] The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. For the regional thermal resistance the differences in eight clothes as well as differences in each part were significant. As a whole the breast part showed the highest thermal resistance and the leg part was higher than the shank part. The rank of the total thermal resistance was put at Wa>Wv>Ca>Cv>Aa>Av>Ra>Rv in this order. 2. Considered clothing microclimate microclimate temperature has a similar tendency to the total thermal resistance. It showed a significance in the differences of eight clothes and each parts. the belly part was highest in every combination. On the other hand for clothing humidity there was a significance between back and breast part only in the human wearing test. 3. It was indicated that CLO value was highly positively correlated with the clothings' weight and showed a high negative correlation with the air permeability.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.373-379
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• 1993

The heat shock protein (HSP) genes are expressed at various stages of the Drosophila life cycle even under non-heat-shock conditions. In the present study, developmental changes of HSP23 gene expression and the role of 20-hydroxyecdysone (2OHE) on the HSP23 gene expression were investigated in Drosophila melanogaster. The Northern blot and Western blot analyses showed that HSP23 gene expression occurred at the early third instar larval stage, reached the highest with a sharp peak in the white prepupa, and then decreased throughout the pupal period. When the HSP23 gene expression was compared with the secretion of 20HE, there is a slmiladty between 20HE synthesis and HSP23 gene expression during the third instar larval-prepupal period. It appears that 2OHE regulates expression of HSP23 gene at larva-pupa molting period, and that, 2OHE is also involved in the control the metamorphosis in some part through the HSP23.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.9-19
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• 2009

This research addressed nonpoint source (NPS) pollution characteristics in a reclaimed rice paddy field. The paddy has an area of around 2,998 ha and is divided as two sub-watersheds, whose areas are 1,181 ha and 1,817 ha, respectively. Monitoring of hydrologic runoff and NPS pollution was undertaken during three-month period from June to August, 2008. Totally, three sampling trips were made when rainfall depth were 66.0 mm, 23.5 mm, and 23.0 mm, respectively. Generally pollution load increased with the heavier cultivation activity in Korea. Exported pollutants from the rice paddy, including TSS, TN and TP, have same levels as forest discharge. Organic nitrogen is main pattern but it mainly exists in the forms of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). For phosphorus, dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) takes the main part although part of them is associated with fine particles. This is different compared with other watersheds, where particles-associated phosphorus is the main form.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1999

Groundwater flow in rock mass is controlled by the fractures developed in the area. So, the conductive fractures are very important for groundwater flow in crystalline rock. This study aims to find out the characteristics of the fracture distributed in granitic rock in the northern part of the Yusong area (latitude $36^{\circ}24'18"~36^{\circ}25'08",{\;}longitude{\;}127^{\circ}21'00"~127^{\circ}23'23"$). The electric and EM surveys were carried out in the site to delineate the fracture the fracture zones. Since geophysical survey provides non-unique solution, hydraulic data and dilling log data including BHTV scanning were used as complementary data to achieve the objective of this study. Electric survey(DC) arrays used are schlumberger and dipole-dipole arrays. VLF is used for EM survey. The main charcteristics of the fracture developed in the study aera are that fractures associated with basic dyke cut corss the main fracture zone in NNW and play an important role as hydraulic barrier. In trun, groundwater table in the upstream area is lower than that downstream area.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 1997

In repaired weldment of ASTM A-470 class 8 high pressure stream turbine rotor steel, creep rupture life was studied in relation with carbide morphology. Carbides were identified using carbide extraction replica method. A retired rotor has molybdenum rich carbide $M_2C$, lndacochea vanadium rich carbide $M_4C_3$, and chromium rich carbides $M_{23}C_6$and $M_7C_3$. Weldments ruptured at ICHAZ showed that some of carbides have been transformed into spherical types of coarsened carbides at ruptured area. Those carbides were revealed as molybdenum rich $M_6C$ carbide and they provided cavitation sites due to molybdenum depletion around $(M_6C)$ carbide. However coarsened $M_6C$ and $M_{23}C_6$ carbides were observed at ruptured area in case of ruptured at CGHAZ.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2003

Cuticular hydrocarbons of antenna, legs and wings from two species of honeybee worker of Apis mellifera L. and Apis cerana F. can be analyzed directly with gas chromatograph and GC/MS without solvent extraction. The saturated hydrocarbons identified in selected part of both species were nC22, nC23, nC25-nC3O, nC32 and nC34 except nC24. Two saturated hydrocarbons, nC26 (23.0-42.6%) and nC28 (16.8-54.8%), were major compounds in both species and others were minor compounds. A. mellifera can be distinguished from A. cerana F. by having higher proportion of nC30, nC32 and nC34 by having lower proportion of nC25 from three selected part of both species.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.79-88
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• 2001

Lectin was isolated from shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) with 0.15 M NaCl solution, and purified by the following procedures : precipitation by ammonium sulfate, anion exchange column chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-50 and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The fresh pileus part of the mushroom contained more than two times of lectin compared to the stipe part, and lectins and its activity were reduced by heating. The extraction yield of crude lectin was 46.03%, 28% yield after purification on on DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. Some amino acids, aspartic acid, serine, alanine and histidine, were increased by purification process. Relatively low molecular weight parts of lectin had the agglutinating activity for rabbit blood, and its molecular weight was about 23 kDa The molecular weights of purified lectins, LA-a and LB-b, by the hydroxyapatite column chromatography were 24 kDa and 23 kDa, respectively.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2019

In many countries, there are needs of new transportations to replace ground congestions due to growing number of cars. In addition, the increase in the number of cars held by economic growth will further increase traffic congestion in the future. To overcome this problem, many researches have been performed for personal air vehicle (PAV). In this study, the wing loading and the power-to-weight ratio that are major design parameters for the sizing of roadable PAVs were calculated for different kinds of airfoil and engine types. I.e., in the sizing process, the study was conducted to determine the design point using the graphs of wing loading, power-to-weight ratio, brake horse power, and fuel efficiency for the given mission profiles considering domestic environments and the FAR PART 23 which is the GA class aircraft certification standard. As a result of sizing, using diesel engine require high maximum take-off weight, wing area, and power compared to gasoline engine due to more engine weight.