• Korean Security Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.7-36
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• 2014

Recently the Korean government announced that minimum wage policy would be applied even to apartment security staffs by 2015 who had been waived from the policy enforcement for their unique work conditions. This caused apartment management to introduce unmanned security system instead of employing security staffs because of fearing possible hike of management fees. People recklessly tend to believe unmaned system is cheaper than maned system if minimum wage guideline is applied. This study examines the economic feasibility of two different apartment security systems by utilizing cost-benefit analysis: maned and unmaned security systems. The authors estimate the costs and the benefits of each security system for 5 years(2014-2018) with application of social discount rate(5.5%). Thirty six apartment complexes at 8 different areas(meons and dongs) in Asan, Chungcheongnam-do province were surveyed. And to attain the exact costs of unmaned system establishment and operation, the authors interviewed persons working for the unmaned security corporations. The benefit-cost(B/C) ratio for unmanned security system is 1.66% at minimum and 1.30% at maximum. while B/C ratio for manned security system is 1.42% and 1.66% respectively. This results mean that people's belief is not correct, that is, transferring from maned system to unmaned is not always economically efficient. Benefits of maned security system is more diverse than unmaned system. The former provides living conveniences(parking helps and keeping parcels) and social benefits(employing aged worker and giving them opportunities to enjoy happier lives) as well as security benefits like crime prevention. The latter provides security benefits only, but that effect is also doubtable. Taking into account these diverse benefits maned system provides, the B/C ratio of maned system is equitable or higher than unmaned system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.153-159
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• 2012

Driver's view has blind spot of automobile surroundings due to physical components of automobile architecture. Obstacles on blind spot are the cause of car destruction and car accidents. Cars which produced in recent have obstacle detection sensors and rear view cameras which provide information of obstacles on the blind sopt, and have also AVM(Around View Monitoring) which provides automobile surroundings for driver's safe driving. During a low-speed travel while parking or moving in a narrow street, a driver get help for safe driving by taking information of automobile surroundings using the above-mentioned devices. In this paper, we present a design and implementation of a 4-sided monitoring (4SM) system, which helps a driver see an integrated view of a vehicle's perimeter at a glance, using a car PC connected to four cameras installed on the front, rear, left, and right sides.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2013

This study was purposed and performed to evaluate removal efficiency of non-point source pollution in the process and system based on bio-retention design criteria regulated by EPA. Basic Column Reactors (BCR) were prepared for optimal determinations of inflow rate of first rainfall runoff and composition and ratio of soil layers. Removal efficiencies of non-point source pollution from synthetic runoff and real first rainfall runoff, directly sampled from motor way and parking lot, were analyzed, respectively. Removal efficiency of SS, BOD, COD, T-N, and T-P were all shown to be more than 80%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.377-384
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• 2011

Recently, for the purpose of reducing work terms and improving performance for construction work, various methods in structure field were developed. This included the HRC system which is applicable to a typical structure (e.g., parking and office building). The HRC system introduced the Gerber Joint to raise structural efficiency and used connection plate to bolt HRC composite beam to H beam in the construction field. In this research, the experimental tests for six specimens, which were in the same field conditions, were conducted with several parameters such as the length and height of the connection plate and the number of stub bolts. The test result was compared with those made by current design codes for the deflection and strains of the main bar. Within the given load, the integration of concrete in beam and connection plate, welded with stud bolts, was verified.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2003

In the latest date, vehicles are offered to the drivers, not only the skill for shifting but the pleasure for driving vehicles that are existing today can be a social problem because the amount of vehicles that are increasing give difficulty for the traffic facilities and parking expansion. these day 80% of four wheeled vehicle carriers single or double person the reducing car scale is an important thing about the financial good use resources of energy and the storage of environment. A solution for these problem is a new general idea vehicle development for one or two person to ride. For the sake of these reasons, first, the information is collected and analyzed about existing foreign countries production. Car external design is intended by mathematical modeling, simulation and model testing about frame system of new concept specially we would like to show three wheeled vehicle that has active tilt control(ATC) system. This car tilts actively by the center rotation wheel and frame when the vehicle turns.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.281-291
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• 2009

In Total Water Pollutant Load Management System of Korea, unit load approach based on land register data is currently used for the estimation of non-point pollutant load. However, a problem raised that land register data could not always reflect the actual land surface coverages which determine runoff characteristics of non-point pollution sources. As a way to overcome this, we tried to establish quantitative relationships between the aerial images (0.4m resolution) which reflect actual land surface coverages and the land registration maps according to the 19 major designated land-use categories in Kyeongan watershed. Analyses showed different relationships according to the land-use categories. Only a few land-use categories including forestry, road and river showed essentially identical and some categories such as orchard, parking lot and sport utility site showed no relationships at all between image data and land register data. Except for the two cases, all the other categories showed statistically significant linear relationships between image data and land register data. The analyses indicate that using high resolution aerial maps is a better way to estimate non-point pollutant load. If the aerial maps are not available, application of the linear relationships as conversion factors of land register data to image data could be an possible option to estimate non-point pollutant loads for the specific land-use categories in Kyeongan watershed.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.33-44
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• 2008

The street system in multi-family housing is an important design element to control the circulation of vehicles and pedestrians, and to form the spatial organization of the projects. In particular, in the case of high-rise apartments, the street patterns have an influence on the safety, amenity, and convenience of facilities. Until now, however, the design of street patterns in most high-rise multi-family housing projects has diminished the quality of residential environments because priority of design consideration has primarily been given to planning road ways and parking areas. Nevertheless, the design competitions introduced for the first time in the 1980s have played a significant role in developing fresh ideas and concepts in housing design. Because street patterns have been respectably modified as a result of the generalizing of design competitions, it is important to review the ideas that have been proposed in competitions over the recent past. In this context, this study classified the types of street patterns and analyzed their design characteristics for the proposals of housing design competitions since the 1990s. As a result of this analysis, the road patterns are classified into 4 types: 1) serial type, 2) isolated type, 3) mixed type, and 4) not a road pattern due to the system of connection. In addition, these were further divided into 8 types: 1) loop, 2) ring, 3) penetration, 4) tree, 5) direct entry, 6) ring and penetration, 7) loop and penetration, 8) not a road pattern due to appearance and the collector.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.94-104
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• 2006

The changed Korean government law associated with the public apartment housing supply, so called the $^{\circ}{\AE}$Apartment Sales Price $Cap^{\circ}{\phi}$, requires new system for estimating construction cost in order to set appropriate price. A model apartment project was carefully designed and its construction cost were analyzed in many different ways. Based on the analyses outcomes, 1,028,000 Won/m2 (excluding cost for underground parking lot) is the most appropriate Price Cap for a smaller than $85{\beta}{\geq}$ apartment unit. Further, it was revealed that the price have to be adjusted reflecting such factors as underground size; structural system; external complex quality; and consumer preferences. Findings from this study will enable the Korean government to realize faster and better application of the related laws. The methodology for obtaining appropriate apartment construction cost will also benefit for future researchers.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2002

In mobile communication systems, there are areas where signal coverage is not adequately accomplished by base stations. These areas may be underground parking zones, underground stores, tunnels, and insides of buildings, etc. In these areas, repeaters are broadly used as an economical solution. However, the capacity is decreased as the number of repeaters increases because the noise power that flows to a base station in the reverse link is proportional to the number of repeaters. The reduction of capacity in the reverse link is no longer negligible in the case that several tens or hundreds repeaters are connected to a base station. In this paper, we propose c repeater that is switched off automatically when there is no active user within its coverage. With the switching repeater, we can reduce the unnecessary noise level enhancement when there is no active user within the repeaters coverage. The reverse link capacity of a DS/CDMA system with AOS repeater is analyzed mathematically and compared with that without switching repeater. From the numerical results, noticeable improvement with the switching repeaters is shown.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.78-84
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• 1996

In this study, 3-D object recognition and restoration independent of the object translation for automotive kind recognition in parking administration system using an ultrasonic sensor array, neural networks and invariant moments are presented. Using invariant moment vectors of the acquired data 16$\times$8 pixels, 3-D objects could be classified by SCL (Simple Competitive Learning) neural networks. Modified SCL neural networks using the 16$\times$8 low resolution image was used for object restoration of 32$\times$32 high resolution image. Invariant moment vectors kept constant independent of the object translation. The recognition rates for the training and the testing data were 98[%] and 95[%], respectively. The experimental results have shown that ultrasonic sensor array with the neural networks could be applied for the detection of the automobiles and classification of the automotive kind.