• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2013

Objective : The primary purpose of present study is to evaluate the effect of herbal cosmetics containing Cortex Betulae Platyphyllae extract complex on acne. The second is to comparatively evaluate safety of this cosmetics. Methods : We opened collecting of applicant that men and women(the 18~35-year-old) with acne on face. We selected subjects who came up to entire inclusion criteria and were not included in the exclusion criteria. We checked changes of Acne Global score, skin sebum, moisture, pores counts, Skindex-29 for 8 weeks. Results : 1. Comparison of changes in Global score, it declined in both experimental group and control group. But Experimental group showed a statistically significant decline than control group. 2. Comparison of changes in sebum and moisture, it declined in both experimental group and control group. But there was no statistically significant difference between those two groups. 3. Comparison of changes in erythema normal area, it declined in both experimental group and control group. But there was no statistically significant difference between those two groups. 4. Comparison of changes in pore counts, it increased statistically significantly in both experimental group and control group. 5. Comparison of changes in Skindex-29, it declined in both experimental group and control group. But there was no statistically significant difference between those two groups. Conclusion : Considering the above experiments, it is suggested that herbal cosmetics containing Cortex Betulae Platyphyllae extract complex have a positive effect on acne.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.205-218
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of anti-cancer and changes In immune response of Lonicerge Flos Herbal-acupuncture. Methods Experimental studies were evaluated through the anti-cancer and immune response activities such as, cell viability, BNA fragmentation, Apoptosis, survival time, pulmonary colonization, and productivity of interleukins & $interferon-{\gamma}$. In order to study the effects of anti-cancer and changes in immune response of Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture, the groups were divided into five groups ; Normal group(non treated group), Control A group(0.2ml Normal saline for oral administration), Control B group(administration of intramuscular injection with 0.2ml Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture solution), Acupuncture group(AT, administration of acupuncture at Chungbu(L1)), and Herbal-Acupuncture group(HAT, administration of Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture at Chungbu(L1)). Results : 1. Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture(>300mg/ml) could lead cancer cell to cell death. 2. Lonicerae Flos Herbal - acupuncture (40mg/ml) caused DNA cleavage. 3. Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture(400mg/ml) caused apoptosis in the cancer cell line. 4. In mouse survival time, all of experimental groups didn't show any significant compared to the control group. 5. In pulmonary colonization assay, Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture group was less than Control A group at 7 days after induction of cancer. 6. In comparison Control A group, there was significant decrease of Interleukin-2 level in Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture group. 7. In comparison Control group, there was decrease of Interleukin-4 level in the Acupuncture group. 8. In comparison Control group, there was decrease of Interleukin-10 level in the Acupuncture group. 9. In comparison Control group, there was significant increase of Interleukin-12 level in Acupuncture group and Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture group. 10. In comparison Control group, there was significant increase of $Interferon-{\gamma}$ level in Acupuncture group. Conclusion : According to above mentioned results, Lonicerae Flos Herbal- acupuncture is expected to be effective for anticancer and improvement in immune response.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.133-144
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• 2010

Object : The effects of Rehmanniae Radix(RR) on HPA Axis system and Catecholaminergic system was investigated. Methods : we performed the Forced Swimming Test(FST). Also the expression of Corticotropin -Releasing Factor(CRF), c-Fos and Tyrosine Hydorxylase(TH) was measured by immunohistochemical method at Paraventricular Nucleus(PVN), Locus Coeruleus(LC) and Ventral Tegmental Area(VTA). Results : 1. The duration of immobility in the Forced Swimming Test was significantly decreased in the Rehmanniae Radix 400 mg/kg groups in comparison with the control group(p<0.05). 2. Comparing to the control group, CRF expression was significantly decreased in the Rehmanniae Radix 400 mg/kg treated group in comparison with the control group(p<0.01). 3. c-Fos expression was significantly decreased at PVN in the Rehmanniae Radix 100 mg/kg treated group in comparison with the control group(p<0.01). 4. TH expression was significantly increased at LC in the Rehmanniae Radix 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg treated group in comparison with the control group(p<0.001). 5. TH expression was significantly decreased at VTA in the Rehmanniae Radix 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg treated group in comparison with the control group(p<0.001). Conclusion : According to the results, it can be considered that Rehmanniae Radix has antidepressant effect by showing the reduction of immobility in FST through the decreased expression of CRF, c-Fos in PVN and TH in VTA.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.261-278
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• 1997

This experiment was performed in order to study the clinical effects of Gyumsuyukgunjun on the pulmonary injury caused by exposure of cigarette smoke in rats. Therefore, a writer reports on present experimental results having significant effects on the level of oxygen consumption, the lungs volume, the leukocyte, the hemoglobin level, and the $PaO_2$, $PaCO_2$ after administration of Gyumsuyukgunjun in order to study the clinical effects of Gyumsuyukgunjun on the pulmonary injury caused by exposure of cigarette smoke in rats. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In comparison with control group, The group of Gyumsuyukgunjun administration was revealed significant effects(P<0.005) of increase on the level of oxygen consumption. 2. In comparison with control group, The group of Gyumsuyukgunjun administration was revealed significant effects(P<0.005) of decrease on the lungs volume. 3. In comparison with control group, The group of Gyumsuyukgunjun administration was revealed significant effects(P<0.05) of decrease on the leukocyte counts. 4. In comparison with control group, The group of Gyumsuyukgunjun administration was revealed significant effects(P<0.05) of decrease on the hemoglobin level. 5. In comparison with control group, The group of Gyumsuyukgunjun administration was revealed significant effects(P<0.01) of increase on the $PaO_2$ level only of $PaO_2$, $PaCO_2$ level. It was concluded from the above results that Gyumsuyukgunjun has a significant effects on the pulmonary injury caused by cigarette smoke.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.165-189
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• 2013

Conceptual modeling is a critical activity for developing successful business information systems. The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility of applying the constant comparison method from the grounded theory to conceptual modeling. To achieve the objective, we trained novice modelers and split them into two groups for evaluation. The experimental results show that applying the constant comparison method could increase acceptability from more experienced conceptual modelers. Moreover, while the control group was experienced difficulties when domain knowledge is unfamiliar, the experimental group could handle difficulties more effectively. In addition, applying the constant comparison method also decreased the time to complete analysis for conceptual modeling.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.491-507
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• 2021

Background: This study aims to measure regional healthcare differences in Korea, and define relatively underserved areas. Methods: We employed position value for relative comparison index (PARC) to measure the healthcare status of 250 areas using 137 indicators in five following domains: healthcare demand, supply, accessibility, service utilization, and outcome. We performed a sensitivity analysis using t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighboring embedding). Results: Based on PARC values, 83 areas were defined as relatively underserved areas, 49 of which were categorized as moderate and 34 as severe. The provincial regions with the most underserved areas were Gyeongbuk (16 areas), Gangwon (13), Jeonnam (13), and Gyeongnam (12). Conclusion: This study suggests a relative comparison approach to define relatively underserved areas in healthcare. Further studies incorporating various perspectives and methods are required for policy implications.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present specific criteria for setting goals for hand rehabilitation by comparing the degree of difference in grip force, coordination, and dexterity between the dominant and non-dominant hand according to gender. Methods: We recruited 100 healthy adults in their 20s and 30s. A handheld digital dynamometer was used to evaluate the grip force of each of the dominant and non-dominant hand, a chopsticks manipulation test was used to evaluate coordination, and the Purdue Pegboard test was used to evaluate agility. Results: In all subjects, the grip force, coordination, and dexterity showed statistically significant difference (p <0.01) between the dominant and non-dominant hand. In the comparison according to gender, both male and female dominant and non-dominant hands showed statistically significant differences in grip force, coordination, and dexterity (p <0.01). In the comparison according to grip force, there was a statistically significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant hand, and men showed stronger result values in both hands compared to women (p <0.01). In the comparison according to coordination, there was no statistically significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant hand in men and women (p >0.05). In the comparison according to dexterity, there was a statistically significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant hand, and women were shown to be faster in performance time with both hands, compared to men (p <0.01). Conclusion: Differences according to gender exist in grip force and dexterity but not coordination, and differences between dominant and non-dominant hand exists across all measurements. The results suggest setting a recovery goal according to dominance and gender during rehabilitation of hand function.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.789-792
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a method that applies pipeline architecture to parallel CRC circuits. We developed a logic partitioning algorithm for applying pipeline architecture. Our algorithm can be used for the polynomial and the input data width, both of arbitrary length and minimize the logic level. Design experiments show the superiority of our approach in reducing the delay in comparison with previous works.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.115.1-115.1
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.795-796
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• 2004