• Title/Summary/Keyword: Park comparison

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Dual Capillary Column System for the Qualitative Gas Chromatography: 2. Comparison between Splitless and On-Column Injection Modes

  • Kim, Kyoung-Rae;Kim, Jung-Han;Park, Hyoung-Kook;Oh, Chang-Hwan
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.250-255
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    • 1993
  • A dual capillary column system is described for the simultaneous analysis of a given sample and measurement of retention index (RI) and area ratio (AR) values of each peak on two capillary columns of different polarity, DB-5 & DB-1701 from a single injection. Both capillary columns were connected to either a splitless injector or an on-column injector via a deactivated fused-silica capillary tubing of 1 m length and a 'Y' splitter. Both injection modes allowed to measure RI and AR values with high reproducibility (<0.01% RSD) and high accuracy (<10% RE), respectively with the exception that the trace and high boiling solutes required the on-column mode for the accurate quantification and AR comparison. When the dual capillary column system in on-column injection mode was applied to the blind samples containing organic acids, each acid was positively indentified by the combined computer RI library search-AR comparison.

Social Comparison Theory and Interpersonal Contact: The Influence of Incidental Envy on Contacting Higher or Lower Status Others

  • Youn, Y. Jin;Park, Kiwan
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.41-63
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    • 2018
  • Incidental envy influences behavior in various domains. However, no research, to date, has investigated whether incidental envy influences interpersonal behavior toward others who are unrelated to the emergence of the emotion. That is, the literature is silent on how those who experience incidental envy engage in interpersonal contact and how this may affect consumers. In this paper, we address this question by investigating the influence of incidental envy on interpersonal contact with others of higher or lower status based on the social comparison theory. We demonstrate that incidental envy (versus a neutral emotion) motivates people to contact higher status others to facilitate upward assimilation (experiments 1 and 2). We also show that when competition (a situational factor that heightens the personal relevance of the interaction with the target) is involved, individuals who feel envy (versus a neutral emotion) are more likely to contact lower status others to engage in downward contrast (experiment 3). We conclude with a discussion of the practical implications of our findings.