• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.103-136
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• 2014

The covered interest rate parity condition (CIRP) has been widely used in open macroeconomic analysis, risk management, exchange rate forecasts, and so forth. Due to the recent global financial crises, there have been remarkable changes in the financial markets of the emerging markets. These changes possibly influenced the dynamics of the covered interest rate parity condition. In this paper, we investigate whether the CIRP dynamics has changed, and what is the nature of the regime changes. To do this, we propose and estimate multiple-state Markov regime switching models using a Bayesian MCMC method. Our estimation results indicate that the default risk or the deviation from the CIRP has been decreased after the crisis. It seems to be associated with the more active interaction between the short-term bond market and the short-term foreign exchange market than before. The tightened relation of these two financial markets is caused by the arbitrage transaction of foreign investors.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.225-228
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ovulation-synchronization(OVSYNCH) method on conception rate after insemination of dairy cattle. The proportion of conception of normal fertility cows(65%) was higher than that in infertility cows(50%) in dairy cows with OVSYNCH treatment. However, there was no significant difference between experimental groups. In another experiment, when the OVSYNCH method was adapted in multiparous dairy cows, the conception rate of experimental group of $30{\sim}35kg/day$ in milk yield was significantly higher than those in groups of $20{\sim}25kg/day$ in milk yield(p<0.05). In conception rates by OVSYNCH method in experimental groups with different parity, the group of 1st parity was significantly higher than in 3rd parity group(p<0.05). The results suggest that conception rate by OVSYNCH method was affected by various reproductive conditions in dairy cattle, and OVSYNCH method could be used to increase the conception rate for infertility cows with hormone disorder.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.180-187
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• 2021

Objective: We investigated arthralgia and myalgia associated with the use of oral bisphosphonate (BP) by conducting a survey of patient. Methods: The pharmacists conducted a survey between 1 Oct 2019 and 30 Sep 2020 among patients who were dispensed BP in community pharmacies to assess their demographic and medical characteristics, and their experiences with, and process for pain. Logistic regression analyses were performed to find the risk factors associated with the pain, and the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined. Results: A total of 160 patients who used BP participated in the survey (74 [46.3%] used risedronate; 61 [38.1%] used alendronate; 23 [14.4%] used ibandronate), and 20 (12.5%) of them experienced pain. Significant statistical differences of the characteristics between patients who experienced pain or not were observed regarding menopause, and parity. Compared with women who had one or two parity, women who had more than three parity were associated with the decreased risk of pain (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.04-0.98). Moreover, steady exercise was associated with the decreased risk of pain compared to less exercise (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14-0.98). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the risk of pain in BP-treated patients might be different regarding the different ingredients of BP, and dosing frequency. This survey highlights a need for a further safety research to understand the factors influencing the pain associated with the BP treatment.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether the methane (CH₄) to carbon dioxide (CO₂) ratio (CH₄/CO₂) and methane-related traits obtained by the sniffer method can be used as indicators for genetic selection of Holstein cows with lower CH₄ emissions. Methods: The sniffer method was used to simultaneously measure the concentrations of CH₄ and CO₂ during milking in each milking box of the automatic milking system to obtain CH₄/CO₂. Methane-related traits, which included CH₄ emissions, CH₄ per energy-corrected milk, methane conversion factor (MCF), and residual CH₄, were calculated. First, we investigated the impact of the model with and without body weight (BW) on the lactation stage and parity for predicting methane-related traits using a first on-farm dataset (Farm 1; 400 records for 74 Holstein cows). Second, we estimated the genetic parameters for CH₄/CO₂ and methane-related traits using a second on-farm dataset (Farm 2; 520 records for 182 Holstein cows). Third, we compared the repeatability and environmental effects on these traits in both farm datasets. Results: The data from Farm 1 revealed that MCF can be reliably evaluated during the lactation stage and parity, even when BW is excluded from the model. Farm 2 data revealed low heritability and moderate repeatability for CH₄/CO₂ (0.12 and 0.46, respectively) and MCF (0.13 and 0.38, respectively). In addition, the estimated genetic correlation of milk yield with CH₄/CO₂ was low (0.07) and that with MCF was moderate (-0.53). The on-farm data indicated that CH₄/CO₂ and MCF could be evaluated consistently during the lactation stage and parity with moderate repeatability on both farms. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the on-farm applicability of the sniffer method for selecting cows with low CH₄ emissions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.12-14
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• 1998

본 논문은 RAID5가 갖는 쓰기 문제를 극복하기 위하여 지금까지의 연구 중에서 가장 우수한 성능을 나타내는 패리티 로깅 기법의 단점을 개선한 새로운 패리티 로깅 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 패리티 로깅기법에서 가장 큰 오버헤드인 패리티 로그의 크기를 줄이기 위하여 로그 데이터를 압축하는 방법을 사용한다. 로그 데이터의 압축은 로그 데이터의 저장에 필요한 비휘발성 버퍼의 크기와 로그 데이터 접근시간을 감소시켜 전체적인 성능을 향상시킬수 있다. 시뮬레이션을 통한 성능분석 결과에서 제안된 기법은 기존의 패리티 로깅 기법에 비하여 디스크 접근시간에서 우수한 성능을 나타냄을 보인다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.829-834
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• 2002

Carbonation of concrete used impregnation alkalization agent construction reinforcement, recovery of pH, elevation improve, in which efficiency decline mternal force of number and durability because of impregnation alkalization agent applyment general standard, used concrete. Material quality not understanding lack of study and stadard. This study investigate change of PH. recovery depth of impregnation alkalization agent, recovery depth belong a mount of aggregate that comparision, analysis parity.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.493-511
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• 2009

Let $q\;{\geq}\;3$ be an odd integer and a be an integer coprime to q. Denote by N(a, q) the number of pairs of integers b, c with $bc\;{\equiv}\;a$ (mod q), $1\;{\leq}\;b$, $c\;{\leq}\;{\frac{q-1}{2}}$ and with b, c having different parity. The main purpose of this paper is to study the sum ${\sum}^{'q}_{a=1}\;\(N(a,\;q)\;-\;\frac{{\phi}(q)}{8}\)^2$ and obtain a sharp asymptotic formula.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2008

Lee weight is more appropriate for some practical situations than Hamming weight as it takes into account magnitude of each digit of the word. In this paper, we obtain a sufficient condition over the number of parity check digits for codes correcting random errors and simultaneously detecting burst errors with Lee weight consideration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1867-1871
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• 1989

One of the most common problems in pattern recognition and image processing is filling the interior of a region when its contour is given. The existing algorithms of the filling are parity check technique, seeding technique, and technique based on chain coding the boundaries. In this paper, a very simple but effective technique for filling the interior of bounded region is proposed. This algorithm is based on the information of binary-coded boundary direction and covers some of the drawbacks reported in the earlier relevant works.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.891-892
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 최근 주목받고 있는 에러 정정 기법 중 하나인 LDPC(Low Density Parity Check) 부호를 광 기록 채널(Optical Recording Channel)에 적용해 보았고 이때 사용되는 연판정 출력 알고리즘으로 MAP과 SOVA를 이용하여 성능을 비교하였다.