• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.329-344
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify utilization of the work-family support policy (WFSP) and factors affecting retention intention among Korean female military officers. Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited 103 married female officers from the Korean Army, Navy, and Air force with preschool-aged children through convenience and snowball sampling. Via online surveys from June to November, 2018, the participants self-reported retention intention, work-family conflict, job satisfaction, and utilization of the WFSP. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. Results: Retention intention ($22.29{\pm}5.98$) was reported at the mid-level, lower than scores reported in the literature for female workers. Work-family conflict ($32.51{\pm}5.29$) and job satisfaction ($63.10{\pm}7.45$) were above the midpoint levels. Use of maternity leave (100.0%) and parental leave (92.2%) was high, especially compared to the rates of child-care day off (20.4%) and parenting time (20.4%). 'Noticeable increases in childcare services within the army' (22.8%) was reported as the supportive measure needed the most by female military officers. Job satisfaction (${\beta}=.43$, $p{\leq}.001$), the use of parenting time (${\beta}=-0.29$, p=.002), living type (${\beta}=-.18$, p=.043), and service type (${\beta}=-.16$, p=.035) significantly influenced retention intention. Conclusions: The findings highlight the priority areas of importance within the WFSP and suggest that a family-friendly culture can improve female officers' retention intention. Accordingly, policy changes at the Ministry of National Defense improving the system to enhance a family-friendly culture in the military is expected to strengthen the retention intention of female officers and contribute to excellence in the military workforce.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.58 no.3
• /
• pp.341-370
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to classify and compare 21 OECD countries in regard to the level of support in parents' childcare and work. Several meaningful conclusions were suggested. First, examining the level of support in parents' childcare and work, 21 OECD countries can be classified into clusters different from the mainstream welfare state typology. Second, the level of parents' childcare and work support was high in socio-democratic countries such as Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Third, the level of parents' childcare right support is not necessarily positively related to that of parents' work in the labor market. As we have seen in the cases of France and Austria, although both countries have relatively high level of parents' childcare and work support, the level of work support in the labor market is low. These results have important implications for Korean family policy in that Korean society has to support both the parents' childcare right and the work right in the labor market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.91-104
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is primarily intended to examine the stress and physical, emotional and behavioral stress symptoms of elementary school students supply the basic data of intervention for children's health promotion. The subjects of this study were 616 students who were currently enrolled in 5th and 6th grade elementary school in Jeollabukdo ; 3 schools in J city and other 6 in 3 rural area. The data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from 3rd to 13th April 2002 and collected data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 8.0. The results of this study were as followings. 1. The mean score of stress that children experience was 2.73 and the most stressful factor was a friendship stress. The most frequently experienced stress were feel that a friends would leave them alone. 2. The mean score of stress symptom that children experience was 1.92 and the most stressful symptom was the emotion symptom. The most frequently experienced stressful symptom were feel fatigue of everyday. 3. General characteristics related to stress were showed significantly different according to sex(t=-3.243, p=.001) 4. General characteristics related to stress symptoms were showed significantly different according to sex(t=-2.268, p=.024), family circumstances(F=8.697, p=.000), academic scores(F=11.216, p=.000) and parental concerns on a child(t=-2.561, p=.011). 5. The relation between stress and stress symptoms showed a positive correlation, which was significant statistically(r=.453, p=.000). In conclusion, elementary school students experience various stresses and the stress symptoms have positive close connection with health problems. Therefore, to study the students stress and consequent symptoms further, it is recommended that we should subdivide and analyze the stressor and stress symptoms by proper areas. In the meantime, in order to promote children's health using the data in this study, we should develop the correlated program among individual, family, school and community while we are deeply concerned about and support children continuously.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.32-35
• /
• 2008

Little evidence supports the existence of imprinted genes in chicken. Imprinted genes are thought to be intimately connected with the acquisition of parental resources in mammals; thus, the predicted lack of this type of gene in chicken is not surprising, given that they leave their offspring to their own heritance after conception. In this study, we identified several imprinted genes and their orthologs in human, mouse, and zebrafish, including 30 previously identified human and mouse imprinted genes. Next, using the HomoloGene database, we identified six orthologous genes in human, mouse, and chicken; however, no orthologs were identified for SLC22A18, and mouse Ppp1r9a was not included in the HomoloGene database. Thus, from our analysis, four candidate chicken imprinted genes (IGF2, UBE3A, PHLDA2, and GRB10) were identified. To expand our analysis, zebrafish was included, but no probe ID for UBE3A exists in this species. Thus, ultimately, three candidate imprinted genes (IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10) in chicken were identified. GRB10 was not significant in chicken and zebrafish based on the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, whereas a weak correlation between PHLDA2 in chicken and human was identified from the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Significant associations between human, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish were found for IGF2 and GRB10 using the Friedman's test. Based on our results, IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10 are candidate imprinted genes in chicken. Importantly, the strongest candidate was PHLDA2.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.158-167
• /
• 2021

Background: To identify work-family balance and level of happiness among married women dental hygienists in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The goal of this study is to use the outcome as basic data to determine the compatibility of dental hygienists with work and family, systems, and improvement of happiness levels. Methods: From July 3 to August 10, 2020, 250 dental hygienists in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province were targeted. The questionnaire comprised 65 questions, including general characteristics (perception of work-family balance, perception of work-family balance system, job satisfaction, parenting type, happiness level) whether or not they were implemented. The results were obtained through a self-control questionnaire. Results: The perception of work-family balance was significantly different in job rank and average income, while that of the work-family balance system had significant differences in workplace type, total work experience, current job work experience, childcare system status, and parental leave period. Happiness level and job satisfaction were significantly different in job rank, average income, and childcare system status. Additionally, the perception of work-family balance and that of the work-family balance system showed a positive correlation with job satisfaction and happiness level. Finally, the perception of married women dental hygienists toward work-family compatibility was determined, where the higher the satisfaction with the job, the higher the level of happiness. Conclusion: To improve the work-family balance and job satisfaction of dental hygienists and their levels of happiness, changes in social perception and improvement of the working environment such as proper staffing, flexible work systems, and incentive systems should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.145-169
• /
• 2017

Female plays an important role in new welfare policies as emerging new social risks including care needs resulted from increasing female employment participation and changes in family structures. Whereas the effects of work and life reconciliation policies on female employment are well established, less is known for the role of production regime as an important institution on gender wage gap. This study examines the questions in what way and to what extent production regimes and work and family reconciliation policies influence gender wage gap in advanced capitalism countries using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). The coordinated market economies (CMEs), presented as higher firm-specific skills, are associated with lower income rank for female workers than male workers, hence larger degree of gender wage gap. Longer parental leave weeks and higher childcare expenditures are associated with less degree of gender wage gap. This research highlights the importance of production regimes in understanding gender wage gap and potential interaction between production regimes and work and life reconciliation policies on gender wage gap.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2021.05a
• /
• pp.230-232
• /
• 2021

As the ratio of double-income households and parental leave use increase, there is an increasing demand for products that help when raising children alone. In particular, there is a lot of demand for baby beds that help raise children without difficulty even by themselves. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a real-time monitoring of a smart crib using a sound sensor. The proposed bed uses a sound sensor to detect the child's crying and condition, and the measured sensor output value can be checked with a mobile application. When the sound sensor output value is more than a certain value, a voice file such as a lullaby recorded with the voice of the parents is played, and if the sensor output value is less than a certain value, the playing voice file is stopped. If the sensor output value continues to exist after a certain period of time, a pop-up notification is sent to the mobile application. This allows the child to quickly calm down with a sense of stability and comfort through the recorded voices of the parents, and the parents can remotely monitor the child's condition in real time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.337-356
• /
• 2017

The purpose of the research is to explore the main cause and effect of successful marriage that Korean husbands, who are multicultural families had. To do the research, the experiment has been done with 7 husbands for 2 months. The 7 husbands took depths interview and analyzed the result by grounded theory approach. As a result, the husband experienced 'repentance of marriage' because of 'unready marriage', but 'Raising children', 'Helping housework' and 'recognition from friends and colleague' have affected the husbands to have a successful marriage adaptation. Based on the result, a political and practical proposal has been proposed to the Korean husbands who are multi-cultural family. Here are the examples of the proposal. As a social welfare policy, 'obligation of information offering for prospective spouse', 'following the Labor Standards and parental leave', 'expansion of visiting supervise system' and 'making guidance for husbands and distribute map of Immigration Office, Multicultural Family Support Center and Community Center' have proposed. And as an alternative plan for a practical social welfare policy and continuous social awareness improvement, 'various education program', 'a program with domestic married couple', 'a program with parents-in-law', 'a specific program to increase the housework participation for husbands' and necessity of development and practice of group program for husband have been emphasized.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.51-83
• /
• 2018

This study examines whether the widening gap between income groups is worsening in the distribution of time use, similar to the worsening of income distribution after the IMF. To do this, we conducted multilevel analysis (HLM) on six countries including France, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States and Korea. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, in all countries, low income groups have a longer paid working time and shorter leisure time. Second, the low income groups in Korea have the longest paid work time and the shortest leisure time, the lowest level of work-leisure balance, and this aspect has not recovered since the IMF. Third, as the result of multilevel analysis, the lower the household income, the more time paid labor increased and the work-leisure balance decreased. Fourth, while average annual working hours increase paid working time, the expansion of family policy expenditure, redistribution policy and income maintenance policy has reduced it. Fifth, the annual average working hours decreased the work-leisure balance, but the family policy expenditure, the redistribution policy and the income guarantee policy increased the work-leisure balance. The significance of this study is that after the IMF, not only the income distribution but also the inequality among the income class in time use has deepened. Based on the results of the research this study suggests the reinforcement of labor time regulation, the activation of parental leave system, the realization of the income replacement rate, the expansion of the policy related to income redistribution, and the complementary development of the income guarantee and the time guarantee policy as the policy intervention strategy that restructures time.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.105-138
• /
• 2009

Although the decline in fertility rate is generally observed along the history of economic development throughout the world, the continuing decline hitting below the replacement level in Korea over the recent years gathered serious social concerns on the ground that it accelerates the process of population aging. The total fertility rate in Koreareached 2.08 in 1983, and gradually fell to the levels of 1.08 in 2005 and 1.26 in 2007. The policy debate over the role of the government has been focused mainly on the level of theoretical discussion without substantial basis on firm empirical evidence and the determinants of fertility. The objective of the paper is to empirically investigate the fertility effect of the female wage, which is understood as one of the most important determinants of fertility in Koreasince 1980 focusing on one aspect of fertility, namely birth spacing. Using the Korean National Fertility Survey conducted in 2006, I estimate a duration model of first and second births taking into account individual heterogeneity, which turned out to be an important factor to control for. Compared with previous studies in the literature on the Korean fertility, the study has an advantage of using the complete pregnancy history of women in a more representative sample. Unlike the previous studies, the analysis also deals with the endogeneity of marriage by treating a certain age, rather than age at marriage, as the time in which a woman becomes exposed to the risk of pregnancy. The study shares the common problem in the literature on birth spacing of lacking relevant wage information for respondents in a retrospective survey. I estimate the wage series as a function of the basic characteristics using the annual Wage Structure Survey from 1980 to 2005, which is considered as a nationally representative sample for wage information of employees. The results suggest that the increase in female wage by 10 percent leads to a decrease in second birth hazard by 0.56~0.92 percentage points and that the increase in spouse's wage by the equal amount is accompanied by the increase in second birth hazard by 0.36~1.13 percentage points. These estimates are more precisely estimated and of smaller magnitude than those presented by the previous studies. The results are robust to the different specifications of the wage equation. The simulation analysis based on the predicted values shows that about 17% of the change in the second birth hazard over the period 1980 to 2005 was due to the change in the female wage. Although there is some limitation in data, the results can be viewed as one estimate of the role of female wage on the recent fertility decline in Korea. The question raised by the paper is not a normative one of whether a government should promote childbearing but a positive one thatexplains fertility decline. Therefore, if there is a wide consensus on promoting childbearing, the finding suggests that the policies designed to reduce the opportunity cost of women in the labor market would be effective. The recent movement of implementing a wide range of family-friendly policies including child care support, maternity leave, parental leave and tax benefit in developed countries should be understood in this context.