• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 2009

Interspecific crossing was conducted to obtain hybrid lilly with better quality of adapting to the unfavorable environment using oriental Lilium spp. as a female parent. Average interspecific crossing rate between oriental and asiatic lines by cut-style pollination was as low as 29%. Although the average germination rate of zygotic hybrid embryo between oriental 'Rodolfa' ${\times}$ asiatic 'Toronto' was increased from 76.6% to 78.3%. on 114 or 1/6 strength MS medium compared to the control, the rate of zygotic embryos formation between oriental 'Farolito' ${\times}$ asiatic 'Buff Pixie' was significantly enhanced up about 86~90% on 1/2 strength MS medium. Meanwhile, germination rate of interspecific hybrid embryo between oriental 'Snow Cristal' ${\times}$ asiatic 'Royal Trinity' showed up 100%. Germination rate of interspecific hybrids slightly increased by addition of $0.5-1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ GA. Germination rate of zygotic embryos between oriental 'Farolito' ${\times}$ asiatic 'Buff Pixie' and oriental 'Belcanto' ${\times}$ L. callosum was highest on the MS medium containing $0.01mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA and $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ kinetin, as 66.6% and 45.2% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2017

To date, the study of students with multicultural disabilities has been limited to language problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of communication between parents and professionals on the IEP and teaching strategies of students in multicultural special education in the United States. From 2015 to 2016, structural equation modeling was conducted using AMOS 21 based on data from 406 elementary, middle, and high school teachers who has experiencing of multicultural disabilities. The correlation coefficients between IEP and the variables affecting instructional strategies were significantly high between -044 and .489 as a whole. Especially, teaching strategy and communication with parents were relatively more effective than professional communication high correlation. In addition, with regard to the impact on IEP and teaching strategies, parental communication has been found to be closely related to IEP and teaching strategies. However, communication with professionals has a direct effect on teaching strategies. There was no significant correlation between parent and professional communication. The purpose of this study is to understand the importance of communication with parents of multicultural disabled students and their interest and opinions on children positively to IEP and teaching strategies so that teachers can communicate continuously.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.377-406
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• 2009

This study used laten class growth analysis to identify discrete developmental patterns of delinquent behaviors in adolescence. This present article also examined associations among these trajectories to determine how the development of delinquent behaviors relates to protective and risk factors, which include parental monitoring, attachment with parent, association with deviant peers, self-control, and negative stigma from others. Four-wave panel data from a Korea Youth Panel Study were used for the latent class growth model analysis. The sample consisted of 3,446 adolescents who were assessed at 4 measurement waves with approximately 1-year interval. Four trajectories of delinquent behaviors emerged: delinquency persistence, delinquency increaser, delinquency decreaser, normative group(almost no delinquent behaviors). Association with deviant peers had the most proximal strong influence on the probability of being in the delinquency increaser and delinquency persistence group compared, noed to the normative group. Parental monitoring, self-efficacy and negative stigma also differentiated the four delinquent behavior trajectories from one another after controllig for socio-demographic variables. The study suggested that there is a significant heterogeneity in the timing and change rate of delinquency progression. Adolescent delinquency prevention and intervention programs will need to consider this heterogeneity and enhance attention to protective and risk factors depending on the subpopulation.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.19-40
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• 2014

Rock rebound values and chemical compositions of Gamak island at Sangha, Gochang, Jeollabuk do are analysed as a part of geomorphic survey of that area. Some corestones are formed by deep weathering found from the summit of rock mass of Gamak island, while the rocks a part of weathering front are exposed at the foot of the island. Rebound values of rock increase toward coastal plain, so summit would be weak in resistance to erosion. It can be assumed that chemical weathering is more active at the summit by the chemical index of alteration and changes in chemical composition ratio. However it should be mentioned that the samples are taken from the surface of the rock mass that more fresh part will be exposed when the weathered parts are removed. The chemical composition and CIA values of the polygonal cracks found from on the surface of weathering rind showed that this part has values between those of the summit and the footslope. The bottom of weathering rind with polygonal cracks has higher CIA value than those of the surface. Though it supports the result from the Bisul Mt., there also difference in the ratio of SiO2. It looks caused by the difference in weathering environment and chemical difference in parent rock. In summary Gamak island is the remnants of weathering front after removal of weathered material. The removal processes are more active at the footslope where the coastal processes are stronger than the summit.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.199-226
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine key experiences of homestay guardians of unaccompanied minor Korean adolescents studying abroad in the United States through qualitative research method of grounded theory methodology. This study identified guardianship experiences and the process of adjustment to life with homestay students through in-depth interviews with 12 subjects who are Korean guardians in the United States. The results of this study classified "started with concern" as a category that leads guardians to start providing homestay accommodation, and "other's recommendation," "need for financial support," and "unexpectedly" as subcategories. This study identified "act as a mediator to resolve differences" as a key experience of guardians, and classified subcategories are "parental role" and "calculation of gains and losses" on a personal level; and "feel sorry for own children," "limited leeway of the family," and "formation of relationship between own children and homestay students" on a family level. Developed subcategories are "thirsty for attention," "vulnerability," "task on freedom and control," and "regrettable feeling in the absence of communication" with respect to relationship with students; "grade expectations," "one-way communication," "trapped between parents' and students' demands" in regard to relationship with parents; and "advice from school" in the aspect of school. "Cultural difference," "preparedness of students and parents," "age differences between guardian's children and students," "family support," "similar personalities," "guardian's motivation," and "parent's attitude" are subcategories that affect central phenomenon of guardians.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.159-193
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• 2018

This study aims to examine life experiences of single mothers according to three types of single parent families, divorced, widowed and unmarried and how they cope with their difficulties to become self-reliant and to identify strengths promoting self-reliance. The researchers analyzed personal, environmental and life factors by using the strengths perspective and discovered distinctive features of three types of single mothers that promote self-reliance. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with 20 single mothers, 4 widows, 8 divorced mothers and 8 unmarried single mothers. The results show that participants defined their experiences of self-reliance as a process to increase capability to accomplish their responsibilities as a mother, rather than as a completed goal. Increasing capability not only means achieving economic self-sufficiency, but also gaining psychosocial strengths that are developed by embracing one's own life, having sense of control and empowerment. This study identified commonalities and differences of strengths and resources and unique experiences of participants and proposed implications for policy and practice related to the roles of service delivery and support system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.7-27
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• 2011

This study empirically examines the effects of after-school self-care on children's development. More specifically, we examine whether the level of after-school self-care experiences that a child had during the 4 to 6 grade period affects the levels of school achievement, internalizing problem behaviors, externalizing problem behaviors, and delinquent behaviors during the child's middle school years. The study utilized the data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study's 1st and 4th year child supplementary surveys. The results show that the level of after-school self-care experiences negatively affects children's school achievement and internalizing problem behaviors. The study finds that, as the level of after-school self-care experiences increase, school achievement decreases and internalizing problem behaviors increase. The effects of after-school self-care on school achievement and internalizing behaviors were statistically significant even after controlling for the other variables that are known to be important factors on child development including child, parent, and family characteristics. The findings suggest that there is an independent effect of the level of after-school self-care on school achievement and internalizing problem behaviors. We also provide policy implications of the study. The policy considerations for latchkey children should include not only increasing the quantity of after-school programs, but also paying attention to the need of child development support programs beyond basic protection and care.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.53
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• pp.51-76
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between children's attachment to their biological parents and their self-esteem of children in out-of-home care. The mediating effects of a caregiver and peer attachment in this relationship were also examined. This study used the first year data from the Korea Panel Data of Children in Out-of-Home Placement. The sample consisted of 426 children in the fifth and sixth grades. Structural Equation Modeling revealed that children's attachment to their biological parents had no direct effects on self-esteem. Moreover, the relationship between children's attachment to biological parents and self-esteem was fully mediated by both caregiver attachment and peer attachment. Based on these findings, further suggestions are provided to increase self-esteem of children in out-of-home care by having regular visits of biological parents and thus improving parent, caregiver, and peer attachments.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 2015

This study proposes effective overseas market entry strategies that could allow Korean logistics companies to develop international capabilities and become global firms by adapting to environmental changes in global logistics. First, it reviews the overseas networks of Korean international freight forwarders and the recent trends in the global logistics market. Then, it surveys the conditions of two groups of freight forwarders, namely partnerships and subsidiaries, which are categorized according to type of entry into foreign markets. These companies' networks are concentrated in East and Southeast Asia regardless of network type. As a result, the ability for partnerships to network is higher than that of subsidiaries. However, subsidiaries are small in number and located in various regions because of their initial stage, which is why their businesses depend on the price competitiveness of the parent company. The satisfaction and performance of subsidiaries are both generally low according to the presented findings. In addition, the successful strategies of international freight forwarders include following operations, specializing their logistics services, building collaborations among small and medium-sized companies, recruiting and training professional human resources in international logistics, and entering markets together with their customers. Overall, this study highlights the importance of measuring and evaluating objectively the level and performance of overseas networking through a survey about the internationalization of Korean freight forwarder companies. To conclude, this study is considered to contribute to raising their global competitiveness by suggesting strategies derived from the survey findings and SWOT analysis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-80
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• 2005

Morphological variation of Quercus L. subgen. Quercus in Korea was examined by numerical methods including principal components analysis of major morphological characters. Principal components analysis revealed the presence of five major species groups of the subgen. Quercus in Korea; these include 1) a group consisiting of Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis individuals, 2) Q. dentata, 3) Q. aliena, 4) Q. mongolica, and 5) Q. serrata. The putative interspecific hybrid individuals occupied intermediate position between the putative parent species in the PCA plot. The analysis also strongly suggested that size and shape of leaf blade and teeth or lobes, twig diameter, size and shape of nuts, and length and width of scales are very useful in distinguishing the species and the putative hybrids of the subgen. Quercus.