• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.353-355
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• 2013

There are approximately 20 known species of the genus Cryptosporidium, and among these, 8 infect immunocompetent or immunocompromised humans. C. hominis and C. parvum most commonly infect humans. Differentiating between them is important for evaluating potential sources of infection. We report here the development of a simple and accurate real-time PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method to distinguish between C. parvum and C. hominis. Using the CP2 gene as the target, we found that both Cryptosporidium species yielded 224 bp products. In the subsequent RFLP method using TaqI, 2 bands (99 and 125 bp) specific to C. hominis were detected. Using this method, we detected C. hominis infection in 1 of 21 patients with diarrhea, suggesting that this method could facilitate the detection of C. hominis infections.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 1997

From December 1995 to July 1997, a total of 546 Korean indigenous goats were examined for the presence of internal parasites by parenchymal organs and fecal examinations. Four hundreds seventy eight(87.5%) of the goats were infected with 4 classes and 12 parasitic species. The nematodes were Haemonchus contortus(57.5%), Oesophagostomun venulosum (52.6%), Strongyloides papillosus(48.4%), Ostertagia sp(28.4%), Trichostrongylus colubriformis(17.0%), and Trichuris ovis(13.2%). The trematodes were Paramphistomum sp(17.6%), Fasciola hepatica(15.4%), and Eurytrema Pancreaticum (8.8%). The cestode was Moniezia expansa(16.7%), and the protozoa were Eimeria sp(74.9%) and Toxoplasma gondii(8.6%). The incidence of single or mixed infections among 12 parasitic species were one species infection (6.2%), 2 species(11.5%), 3 species(19.6%), 4 species(24.9%), 5 species(17.8%), 6 species(5.9 %), and 7 species(1.6), respectively. The level of infection according to the age was considerably higher under one year(97.2%) than between one and two years(89.7%), and over two years(69.3%) Among 12 parasites, seasonal pattern was remarkably observed. Most paracites were detected at the highest level in the Winter, whereas Strongyloides papillosus and Paramphistomum sp were in the Spring, and Ostertagia sp and Fasciola hepatica were in the Autumn. Infection rates of Anaplasma sp were 8.6% of 210 goats by blood smear method, and 51.0% by complement fixation test.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

Isopods are parasitic crustaceans that pose serious threat to fisheries. Several studies have tried to explore the host-pathogen relationship between marine fishes and isopods. The present study aims to understanding the secondary infections in marine fishes pertaining to isopods. To assess the secondary infection in infected fishes, parasite infested and healthy tissues of fishes were collected. The samples were subjected to standard microbiological procedure to identify the presence of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Our results showed the branchial region had the higher microbial load of non-sporulating cenocytic fungi in infected fishes. Moreover, fungal strains isolated from the parasitic lesion confirmed that the parasitation and body lesion facilitates the entry of several pathogenic microbes at the damaged host tissue. More over the immune regulation of fish fights back by producing minute cysts, trying to encapsulate the growing fungus. But this may eventually lead to systemic infestation and death of the fish.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2020

The prevalence of pulmonary pargonimiasis in Korea has been steadily decreasing due to develop of the public health, and there have been few clinical cases of paragonimiasis infections, especially in pneumothorax. A 22-year-old man referred to emergency department for dyspnea and chest pain. The right lung was totally collapsed on a chest X-ray. We emergently performed a closed thoracostomy with a 28-Fr chest tube. However, the air leak from the chest tube persisted for three days after the closed thoracostomy. A chest computed tomography showed multiple subpleural consolidative nodular lesions and mixed ground-glass attenuation nodules. We potentially suspected a secondary pneumothorax resulting from pulmonary paragonimiasis infection because the patient was a Chinese man who was working at a Korean restaurant. We decided to perform a medical treatment instead of pulmonary wedge resections. The air leak was discontinued three days after the prescription of praziquantel. The patient was discharged nine days after the admission. We suggest that anti-parasitic drugs are very effective in the secondary pneumothorax resulting from paragonimiasis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.265-267
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• 2004

The silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is prone to infection of various pathogenic organisms. Pebrine, one of the deadliest disease of silkworm caused by highly virulent parasitic microsporidian, Nosema bombycis has been understood since long. Infections of the disease range from chronic to highly virulent and can result in complete lose to the sericulture industry. Several strains and species of microsporidians have since been isolated from the infected silkworms. A new microsporidian spore was isolated from Lamerin breed of the silkworm B. mori have been studied under scanning electron microscope, found to be different in spore size (length 4.36$\pm$0.06 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, width 2.14$\pm$0.01${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and shape (ova cylindrical with slight depression) from standard strain N. bombycis (length 3.08$\pm$0.21 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, width 2.01$\pm$0.05 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and ovidal respectively). In immunological test, the silkworm breed Lamerin isolated micrisporidian spore does not react to different antibody (N. bombycis, M$_{11}$ and M$_{12}$) sensitized latex particle and thus appeared to be a different strain of microsporidian parasitic to the Lamerin breed of the silkworm B. mori.i.i.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.603-608
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• 2020

This study was performed to find out the clusters with high parasite infection risk to discuss the geographical pattern. Clusters were detected using SatScan software, which is a statistical spatial scan program using Kulldorff's scan statistic. Information on the parasitic infection cases in Korea 2011-2019 were collected from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clusters of Ascaris lumbricoides infection were detected in Jeollabuk-do, and T. trichiura in Ulsan, Busan, and Gyeongsangnam-do. C. sinensis clusters were detected in Ulsan, Daegu, Busan, Gyeongsangnamdo, and Gyeongsangbuk-do. Clusters of intestinal trematodes were detected in Ulsan, Busan, and Gyeongsangnam-do. P. westermani cluster was found in Jeollabuk-do. E. vermicularis clusters were distributed in Gangwon-do, Jeju-do, Daegu, Daejeon, and Gwangju. This clustering information can be referred for surveillance and control on the parasitic infection outbreak in the infection-prone areas.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

Blastocystis sp. is a common zoonotic intestinal protozoa which has been classified into 17 subtypes (STs). A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in villagers living on the Thai-Myanmar border, where the risk of parasitic infection is high. A total of 207 stool samples were collected and DNA was extracted. PCR and sequencing using primers targeting small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene were performed. The prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 37.2% (77/207). ST3 (19.8%; 41/207) was the predominant subtype, followed by ST1 (11.6%; 24/207), ST2 (5.3%; 11/207), and ST4 (0.5%; 1/207). A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method based on the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano + G + I model. The percentage of bootstrapped trees in which the associated taxa clustered together was relatively high. Some sequences of Blastocystis positive samples (TK18, 39, 46, 71, and 90) were closely related to animals (pig and cattle) indicating zoonotic risks. Therefore, proper health education in parasitic prevention for the villagers should be promoted to improve their personal hygiene. Further longitudinal studies are required to monitor the prevalence of parasitic infections after providing health education and to investigate Blastocystis ST in animals living in these villages.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2001

The antigenic domain of the major surface protein (Nc-p43) of Neospora caninum was examined by polymerase chain reaction of its gene fragments and recombinant expression as GST fusion proteins. The fragments of Nc-p43 were as follow: a total open reading frame (OFR), T: OFR without signal sequence and C-terminal hydrophobic sequence, S: N-terminal 2/3 parts of S, A: C-terminal 2/3 parts, P; N-terminal 1/3 part, X: middle 1/3 part Y; and C-terminal 1/3 part, Z, respectively. The DNA fragments were cloned into pGEX-47 vector. Recombinant plasmids transformed into Escherichia coli of BL21 pLysS (DE3) strain were induced to express GST or GST fused fragments of Nc-p43 such as 69 kDa protein for T,66 kDa for S, 52 kDa for A,53 kDa for P, and 40 kDa proteins for X, Y, and Z, respectively in SDS-PAGE. The Nc-p43 fragments of T, S, and P reacted with a bovine serum of neosporosis while those of A, X, Y, and Z together with GST did not in the western blot. These findings suggest that the antigenic domain of Nc-p43 of N. caninum may be localized in the C-terminal 2/3 parts. Together with Al9 clone in SAGI of Toxoplasma gondii (Nam et at., 1996), the P fragment of Nc-p43 could be used as efficient antigens to diagnose and differentiate those infections with both species .

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.2221-2221
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• 2002

The first laboratory culture of host-parasite system of Prorocentrum minimum- Amoebophrya sp. was established by single cell isolation method. Here, we report the life cycle stages of the parasitic dinoflagellate. Amoebophrya sp. of the red tide dinoflagellate P. minimum as observed by light and epifluorescence microscopy. Infections developed inside the nucleus of P. minimum. The trophont developed to occupy almost all the intracellular space of the host at its late stage. The fully developed trophont finally ruptured through the host cell. “Vermiform stage”, the free-swimming extracellular lift cycle stage is followed by another stage for the sudden release of many individual dinospores. Our laboratory strain of the host-parasite system for P. minimum, a causative species fur the huge red tides in spring and summer in Korean coastal waters, could be a useful living material for the in situ biological control of harmful algal blooms.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 2002

The first laboratory culture of host-parasite system of Prorocentrum minimum- Amoebophrya sp. was established by single cell isolation method. Here, we report the life cycle stages of the parasitic dinoflagellate. Amoebophrya sp. of the red tide dinoflagellate P. minimum as observed by light and epifluorescence microscopy. Infections developed inside the nucleus of P. minimum. The trophont developed to occupy almost all the intracellular space of the host at its late stage. The fully developed trophont finally ruptured through the host cell. “Vermiform stage”, the free-swimming extracellular lift cycle stage is followed by another stage for the sudden release of many individual dinospores. Our laboratory strain of the host-parasite system for P. minimum, a causative species fur the huge red tides in spring and summer in Korean coastal waters, could be a useful living material for the in situ biological control of harmful algal blooms.