• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 1999

Studies on detoxification of Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP)-infested oyster, Crassostrea gigas were carried out using available processing resources. Changes of paralytic shellfish toxin components and specific toxicity during canning process were also investigated with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Toxic oysters collected at Hachong in Koje Bay were used for experimental samples. The toxicity of oysters with range of 185-778 ug/100g was reduced below the quarantine limit of 80 ug/100g or not detected level by the mouse bioassay after canning process. The mole $\%$ of toxin components in the shucked oyster was in the order of 25.1 mole $\%$ of gonyautoxin 1, 19.2 mole $\%$ of gonyautoxin 3, 17.2 mole $\%$ of gonyautoxin 4 and 14.6 mole $\%$ of gonyautoxin 2. This sample had tracing amounts of Cl, C2, saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin. In the case of specific toxicity, the major toxins were consisted of gonyautoxin 1-4. The sum of gonyautoxin 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 80% of total toxicity of oyster. Saxitoxin and decarbamoylsaxitoxin were the more thermostable than any other toxin components.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.893-899
• /
• 1996

The studies on the detoxification of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP)-infested blue mussels, Mytilus edulis and oyster, Crassostrea gigas were performed for using of available processing resource. Toxic blue mussel and oysters from Nampo in Masan Bay, Hachong in Koje Bay and Woepori in Koje were used for experimental samples. The toxicity of low toxic blue mussel $(A,\;84{\mu}g/100g;\;B,\;166{\mu}g/100g;\;C,\;295{\mu}g/l00g;\;D,\;557{\mu}g/100g)$ and oyster $(740{\mu}g/100g)$ were reduced below the regulation limit of PSP $(80{\mu}g/100g)$ or undetected level by mouse bioassay after boiling at $98^{\circ}C$ for 10 min and retorting at $115^{\circ}C$ for 70 min, while the toxicity of high toxic blue mussel $(E,\;8,760{\mu}g/100g)$ remained beyond the regulation limit after boiling and retorting at same condition. These results suggested that the regulation limit of PSP could be level up from $(80{\mu}g/100g)$ to about $160{\mu}g/100g$.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.158-160
• /
• 1997

Food poisoning accident occurred on May, 1996 at Oepo, Geoje County, Kyeongnam Province, Korea, and two persons were died within a few hours after ingestion of the soup prepared with wild mussel, Mytilus edulis, harvested on the sea rock. Paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) were elucidated as the responsible toxins for the food poisons accident because the wild mussels caught after three days at the near place from the accident contained high toxicity of PSP ranged $650\~1000MU/g$ of edible meat by mouse bioassay. Gonyautoxin-1+4 $(42.7\%)$ and C1+C2 $(40.0\%)$ were detected as the major toxins in the mussels by fluorometric HPLC method. Although, the poison extracted out with drip during freezing and thawing, and the toxicity gradually decreased by boiling for 20 minutes, over 30 MU/g of toxins remained in the soup and meat, which indicated that they could be able to make food poisoning.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1999

It confirmed the facilitated diffusion of $Na^+$ of frog bladder membrane which is a tissue membrane. The mechanism was explained in $Na^+$ channel model and its referred to the $Na^+$ channel obstruction ingredient which was contained in the reference to the $Na^+$ channel obstruction ingredient and son on, e.g., seaweed, shellfish, pufferfish, phytoplankton and chinese drug. Also, it introduces the result which studied from the barrier point of the application of the tissue biosensor to the trade friction on Korea or Japan pufferfish and the marine environment in the one with high dependance. It was possible for the poison quantity of small amount pufferfish toxin (TTX), paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) to be measured and also to measure poison quantity in the cultivation poisonous toxin phytoplankton individual. In future, as for this tissue biosensor, it expects that it is possible to contribute widely until environment watch and also monitoring to the scene.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 1988

1986년 3월 29일부터 동년 4월 2일까지의 5일간에 걸쳐 부산의 모 폐선 해체 작업장에서 집단적으로 발생하였던 마비성 패류 중독(Paralytic shellfish poisoning)에 대하여 그 독소(Paralytic shelfish poison; PSP) 함유량 및 성상을 보다 정확히 규명하기 위하여 사고 당시 중독의 원인으로 인정되었던 홍합(일명 진주담치, Blue mussel)에서 추출한 PSP에 대하여 동물학적 실험(mouse bioassay, A.O.A.C. method)에 의한 PSP 함유량 산정과 화학적 실험(TLC, IR 및 $^{1}H-NMR$)에 의한 독소성상 분석을 병행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 마비성 패류 중독의 PSP함유량은 패육 100gm당 평균 $1,207.8{\mu}g$이었고, mouse의 평균 치사시간은 5분 16초(4분 51초$\sim$5분 53초)이었다. 2. TLC, IR 및 $^{1}H-NMR$ 등의 화학적 분석 결과 PSP의 주성분은 Gonyautoxin(GTX)류 이었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2013

To prevent paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) due to the consumption of shellfish contaminated with PSP toxins, the quantitative analysis of these toxins is very crucial. The AOAC International mouse bioassay (MBA) has been used widely for the routine monitoring of PSP toxins for more than 50 years. However, this method has low sensitivity and high limit of quantification (LOQ) and interferences from other components in the extract, and it cannot determine toxic profiles. Ethical problems also exist with the continued use of this live mouse assay. To establish an alternative method to the MBA used for PSP toxins analysis, we attempted to optimize the analysis conditions of a precolumn high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) oxidation method and succeeded in validating its accuracy and precision in quantifying PSP toxins. A clear peak and the isolation of PSP toxins were obtained by injecting the working standards of Certified Reference Materials using HPLC. The LOQ of the precolumn HPLC oxidation method for PSP toxins was about $0.1002{\mu}g/g$, which represented an approximately fourfold improvement in detection capability versus the AOAC MBA. The intra-accuracy and precision for PSP toxins in oysters were 77.0-103.3% and 2.0-5.7%, respectively, while the respective inter-accuracy and precision were 77.3-100.7% and 2.4-6.0%. The mean recoveries of PSP toxins from oysters were 75.2-112.1%. The results of a comparison study showed good correlation between the results of the precolumn HPLC oxidation method and those of MBA, with a correlation factor of 0.9291 for mussels. The precolumn HPLC oxidation method may be used as an alternative to, or supplementary method with, MBA to monitor the occurrence of PSP toxins and to analyze the profiles of these toxins in shellfish.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.546-549
• /
• 2000

PSP 분해 활성 세균을 이용한 마비성패류독의 생물학적 제독 방법을 확립하기 위하여 진주담치 및 해수에서 마비성패류독 분해능이 있는 균주를 분리하였으며, 분리 균주의 독소 분해 활성 및 세균학적 특성 시험을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 남해안 패류양식장에서 채취한 진주담치 및 해수 중에서 마비성패류독 분해능이 있는 8균주를 분리하였으며, 분리균주 중 $GTX 1{\~}4$ 혼합물 전반에 대하여 폭넓은 분해 활성을 나타낸 CW-6를 시험 균주로 선발하였다. 선발 균주 CW-6는 배양 3일만에 18nmole/g의 GTX2를 완전히 분해하는 강한 독소 분해 활성을 나타내었다. 선발 균주 CW-6는 생화학적 특성 시험 결과, Enterobacter속으로 동정되어 Enterobacter sp. CW-6로 명명하였으며, 이 균주는 $20{\~}40^{\circ}C,\;pH 7{\~}9$에서 왕성하게 증식하는 전형적인 중온세균의 특징과 염분농도 $6{\%}$에서도 최적 증식의 $46.8{\%}$ 정도 증식 가능한 내염성을 나타내었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 1990

Some species of dinoflagellates were considered as one of the causative organisms of PSP(Paralytic Shellfish Poison) or DSP(Diarrhetic Shellfish Poison). Fish and shellfish are intoxicated by feeding of toxic plankton, sometimes human is intoxicated by feeding on these intoxicated fish and shellfish. In past ten years, the physiological and ecological studies of the toxic plankton has been investigated for development of monitoring system and preventation and control measures of PSP. However, in our country still little is known on a research for the toxic dinoflagellates. This paper reviews the general biology, taxonomic problem, physioecology and culture method of the toxic planktons such as Protogony-aulax and Dinophysis.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.247-250
• /
• 2001

우리나라 연안에서 출하되어 시판되고 있는 패류를 대상으로 2000년 2월부터 10월까지 마비성 패류 독소의 함량을 조사한 결과 다음과 같았다. 1. 검사 대상 패류 총 591건 중 17건에서 마비성 패독이 검출되어 2.88%의 검출율을 나타내었으며, 김체별로는 피조개 14.29%, 담치류 5.45% 그리고 굴 0.33%, 독의 검출량은 각각 32.21-59.63 $\mu\textrm{g}$/100g, 43.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/100g 그리고 28.92-51.60$\mu\textrm{g}$/100g 으로 식품에서 허용기준(80$\mu\textrm{g}$/100g)을 초과하는 시료는 없었다. 2. 월별 검출율은 3월 13.3%, 4월 12.5% 그리고 5월 1.32%이었으며 그 외의 기간에는 검출되지 않았다. 그리고 산지별 검출율은 전남 연안산이 3.82%, 경남 연안산이 2.32%이었고, 서해안산에서는 검출되지 않았으며, 수입산 검체에서는 중국산의 경우 8.3%의 검출율을 나타내었으나 뉴질랜드산에서는 검출되지 않았다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.265-269
• /
• 1999

마비성패류독은 매년 4월과 5월 초에 정점을 이루어서 국민보건을 위협하고 있고 수산물 수출에도 타격을 주고 있다. 현재 수출 주력 상품으로 국과 진주담치 통조림이 있는데 독력이 낮은 제품은 통조림 제조 과정에서 대부분의 독이 파괴되나 독력이 높은 원료로 제조한 통조림은 잔존독이 문제가 되고 있다. 그러므로 독화된 진주담치와 굴로 제조된 통조림을 상온에서 2년과 저장하면서 독력 변화를 측정하여 식품위생 대책을 세우는 데에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 진주담치와 굴 통조림을 2년간 상온에서 저장한 결과 두 시료간의 독소 잔존력의 차이는 없었다. 보일드 통조림과 훈연기름담금 통조림은 2년후에 독소의 불활성화가 어느 정도 인정되었으나 초유지 통조림인 경우 2년 후에도 초기 독력을 유지하였다. 원료의 최초 독력이 높은 경우 제조된 통조림에 독소가 잔존하고 이들 독소를 장기 저장(2년)으로 제거할 수 없었다.