• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.145-155
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• 2000

Orientation data of discontinuities are of paramount importance for rock slope stability studies because they control the possibility of unstable conditions or excessive deformation. Most orientation data are collected by using linear sampling techniques, such as borehole fracture mapping and the detailed scanline method (outcrop mapping). However, these data, acquired by the above linear sampling techniques, are subjected to bias, owing to the orientation of the sampling line. Even though a weighting factor is applied to orientation data in order to reduce this bias, the bias will not be significantly reduced when certain sampling orientations are involved. That is, if the linear sampling orientation nearly parallels the discontinuity orientation, most discontinuities orientation data which are parallel to sampling line will be excluded from the survey result. This phenomenon can cause serious misinterpretation of discontinuity orientation data because critical information is omitted. In the case study, orientation data collected by using the borehole fracture mapping method (vertical scanline) were compared to those based on orientation data from the detailed scanline method (horizontal scanline). Differences in results for the two procedures revealed a concern that a representative orientation of discontinuities was not accomplished. Equal-area, polar stereo nets were used to determine the distribution of dip angles and to compare the data distribution fur the borehole method versus those for the scanline method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.3235-3245
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• 1996

A DDFS(Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer) used in spread spectrum communication systems must need fast switching speed, high resolution(the step size of the synthesizer), small size and low power. The chip has been designed with four parallel sine look-up table to achieve four times throughput of a single DDFS. To achieve a high processing speed DDFS chip, a 24-bit pipelined CMOS technique has been applied to the phase accumulator design. To reduce the size of the ROM, each sine ROM of the DDFS is stored 0-.pi./2 sine wave data by taking advantage of the fact that only one quadrant of the sine needs to be stored, since the sine the sine has symmetric property. And the 8 bit of phase accumulator's output are used as ROM addresses, and the 2 MSBs control the quadrants to synthesis the sine wave. To compensate the spectrum purity ty phase truncation, the DDFS use a noise shaper that structure like a phase accumlator. The system input clock is divided clock, 1/2*clock, and 1/4*clock. and the system use a low frequency(1/4*clock) except MUX block, so reduce the power consumption. A 107MHz DDFS(Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer) implemented using 0.8.mu.m CMOS gate array technologies is presented. The synthesizer covers a bandwidth from DC to 26.5MHz in steps of 1.48Hz with a switching speed of 0.5.mu.s and a turing latency of 55 clock cycles. The DDFS synthesizes 10 bit sine waveforms with a spectral purity of -65dBc. Power consumption is 276.5mW at 40MHz and 5V.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.18-27
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• 2010

This paper is designed the efficient Data Acquisition System for an vibration of rotatory machines. The Data Acquisition System is consist of the analog logic having signal filer and amplifier, and digital logic with ADC, DSP, FPGA and FIFO memory. The vibration signal of rotatory machines acquired from sensors is controlled by the FPGA device through the analog logic and is saved to FIFO memory being converted analog to digital signal. The digital signal process is performed by the DSP using the vibration data in FIFO memory. The vibration factor of the rotatory machinery analysis and diagnosis is defined the RMS, Peak to Peak, average, GAP, FFT of vibration data and digital filtering by DSP, and is need to follow as being happened the event of vibration and make an application to an warning system. It takes time to process the several analysis step of all vibration data and the event follow, also special event. It should be continuously performed the data acquisition and the process, however during processing the input signal the DSP can not be performed to the acquisited data after then, also it will be lose the data at several channel. Therefore it is that the system uses efficiently the DSP and FPGA devices for reducing the data lose, it design to process a part of the signal data to FPGA from DSP in order to minimize the process time, and a process to parallel process system, as a result of design system it propose to method of faster process and more efficient data acquisition system by using DSP and FPGA than signal DSP system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.164-173
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• 2014

In underwater robotics, vision would be a key element for recognition in underwater environments. However, due to turbidity an underwater optical camera is rarely available. An underwater imaging sonar, as an alternative, delivers low quality sonar images which are not stable and accurate enough to find out natural objects by image processing. For this, artificial landmarks based on the characteristics of ultrasonic waves and their recognition method by a shape matrix transformation were proposed and were proven in Part 1. But, this is not working properly in undulating and dynamically noisy sea-bottom. To solve this, we propose a framework providing a selection phase of likelihood candidates, a selection phase for final candidates, recognition phase and tracking phase in sequence images, where a particle filter based selection mechanism to eliminate fake candidates and a mean shift based tracking algorithm are also proposed. All 4 steps are running in parallel and real-time processing. The proposed framework is flexible to add and to modify internal algorithms. A pool test and sea trial are carried out to prove the performance, and detail analysis of experimental results are done. Information is obtained from tracking phase such as relative distance, bearing will be expected to be used for control and navigation of underwater robots.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1022-1030
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• 2006

Activated sludge reactors maintaining an MLSS of 3,000 mg/L and packed Bio Contact Media (BCM fixed beds) was studied in lab-scale to determine the optimal packing ratio and an HRT of aerobic reactor in terms of organic removal, nitrification, denitrification efficiencies. At all HRTs of 3 hr, 5 hr, 7 hr respectively, reactors without BCM, control reactors, had the lowest TCODcr removal efficiency about 74.6%, and reactors with the BCM packing ratios of 10%, 15%, 20% had a greater TCODcr removal efficiency above 81.4%. As HRT decreased, the TCODcr removal efficiency decreased also in all reactors. However, a better utilization of TCODcr even at a higher organic loading was observed in reactors with BCM. The nitrification efficiency at all reactors was greater than 94%, and reactor with 20% packing of BCM had the highest nitrification efficiency at 97.9% while the TKN loading increased at $0.085mgTKN/m^3{\ast}day$ as HRT decreased, In terms of denitrification efficiency, the reactor without BCM ranged from 11.6% to 13.7%, and the reactors with BCM ranged from 28.3% to 63.4% which suggests that the more BCM is packed in the reactors, the higher the denitrification efficiency is achieved. Two parallel $A^2/O$ systems maintaining an MLSS of 3,000 mg/L were operated to investigate the effect of BCM packing ratio of 20% on organic removal, nitrification, denitrification efficiencies. Packing with BCM in system of aerobic reactor affected the SCODcr removal efficiency that increased from 73% to 78%. The nitrification efficiency for both systems with or without BCM was greater than 95%. The denitrification efficiency of systems with BCM and without BCM was 85.8% and 81.8%, respectively which appears that the denitrification efficiency was increased slightly by packing BCM. Compared denitrification efficiency in $A^2/O$ system to previous experimental study with activated sludge reactors operates with the same HRT $A^2/O$ system showed only 29% greater denitrification efficiency. It suggests that $A^2/O$ system with BCM can achieve a similar level of denitrification efficiency when the HRT of anoxic reactor is decreased to some extent.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.857-866
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of obioactin, lonomycin A, and MDP on toxoplasmacidal activities in glycogen-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages. The killing effect of obioactin on Toxoplasma multiplication was increased significantly in proportion to its concentrations. $O_2{^-}$ generation in obioactin-treated macrophages was also increased from twofold to threefold when compared with that of untreated control. Similarly, $H_2O_2$ continued to rise in parallel with increase of the concentration of obioactin. Lonomycin A-treated macrophages also exhibited a good effect of dose-response on toxoplasmacidal activities. However, $O_2{^-}$ and $H_2O_2$ were not generated significantly in lonomycin A-treated macrophages. Macrophages treated with muramyl dipeptide (MDP) were not found to inhibit the prolifi:ration of Toxoplasma but showed the enhancement of $O_2{^-}$ and $H_2O_2$, generation. The released lysozyme levels from macrophages into cultured media were decreased tn dose-dependent fashion by in vitro treatment of obioactin, lonomycin A, and MDP. The intracellular lysozyme levels appeared to be a constant value regardless of increasing the concentrations of obioactin, lonomycin A, and MDP. Therefore, these results suggest that Toxoplasma multiplication within macrophages treated with obioactin was inhibited by the generation of $O_2{^-}$ and $H_2O_2$ and that lysozyme per se within or released from macrophages had no effect on toxoplasmacidal activity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.683-693
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• 2011

In this paper, a design of high current and broad-band microwave bias-tee was presented for a stable bias of a high power amplifier. An input impedance of bias-tee should be shown to 50 ohm with the wideband in order to be stably-biased the amplifier. For this design of the bias-tee, a capacitor of bias-tee for a DC block was designed with a high wide-band admittance by a parallel sum of capacitors, and a inductor for a RF choke and a DC feeding was designed with a high wide-band impedance by a series sum of inductors. As this inductor and capacitor for the sum has each SRF, band-limitation of lumped element was driven from SRF. This limitation was overcome by control of a resonance's quality factor with adding a resistor. 1608 SMD chips for design's element was mounted on the this pattern for the designed bias-tee. The fabricated bias-tee presented 10 dB of return loss and wide-band about 50 ohm input impedance at 10 MHz~10 GHz.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.14
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• pp.87-124
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• 2012

This paper focuses on the social implication of new media art, which has evolved with the advance of technology. To understand the notion of human-computer interactivity in media art, it examines the meaning of "cybernetics" theory invented by Norbert Wiener just after WWII, who provided "control and communication" as central components of his theory of messages. It goes on to investigate the application of cybernetics theory onto art since the 1960s, to which Roy Ascott made a significant contribution by developing telematic art, utilizing the network of telecommunication. This paper underlines the significance of the relationship between human and machine, art and technology in transforming the work of art as a site of communication and experience. The interactivity in new media art transforms the viewer into the user of the work, who is now provided free will to make decisions on his or her action with the work. The artist is no longer a godlike figure who determines the meaning of the work, yet becomes another user of his or her own work, with which to interact. This paper believes that the interaction between man and machine, art and technology can lead to various ways of interaction between humans, thereby restoring a sense of community while liberating humans from conventional limitations on their creativity. This paper considers the development of new media art more than a mere invention of new aesthetic styles employing advanced technology. Rather, new media art provides a critical shift in subverting the modernist autonomy that advocates the medium specificity. New media art envisions a new art, which would embrace impurity into art, allowing the coexistence of autonomy and heteronomy, embracing a technological other, thereby expanding human relations. By enabling the birth of the user in experiencing the work, interactive new media art produces an open arena, in which the user can create the work while communicating with the work and other users. The user now has freedom to visit the work, to take a journey on his or her own, and to make decisions on what to choose and what to do with the work. This paper contends that there is a significant parallel between new media artists' interest in creating new experiences of the art and Jacques Ranci$\grave{e}$re's concept of the aesthetic regime of art. In his argument for eliminating hierarchy in art and for embracing impurity, Ranci$\grave{e}$re provides a vision for art, which is related to life and ultimately reshapes life. Ranci$\grave{e}$re's critique of both formalist modernism and Jean-Francois Lyotard's postmodern view underlines the social implication of new media art practices, which seek to form "the common of a community."

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.485-492
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• 2001

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been rapidly increased in parallel with the westernization of eating behavior in Korea. Increased consumption of animal fat and simple sugar can be potential contributors for insulin resistance. The purpose of the study was to determine whether Western-(WD) and Korean-style(KD) diets altered insulin secretion and insulin resistance in male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats weighing 98$\pm$5g were provided by KD(77 En% of starch, 5 En% of corn oil and 13 En% of gluten plus 5 En% of casein), WD(42 En% of starch, 40 En% of butter and 18% of casein) or control diet(62 En% of starch, 20 En% of corn oil and 18% of casein) for 12 weeks. Body weights were lower in KD compared to WD. Fasting blood glucose levels were not different among diets. Insulin secretion from the beta cells was higher by 2.2$\pm$0.4 folds in WD than KD at baseline. In hyperglycemic clamp insulin secretion was higher in WD than KD and CD. Whole body glucose disposal rates referred to the state of insulin sensitivity were lowest in WD among groups. Glycogen deposits in soleus and quadriceps muscles were lowest in WD among all groups, but their triglyceride contents were highest. GLUT4 contents and glycogen synthase were lowest in WD in both muscles. In conclusions, westernization of diets needed more insulin to normalization of blood glucose levels due to increased insulin resistance. Thus, WD would lead to increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus when increased insulin resistance could not be compensated by insulin secretion in the case of elevated blood glucose levels. (Korean J Nutriton 34(5) : 485~492, 2001)

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.425-431
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• 2009

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor play an important role in the formation and progression of glioma. In this study, I investigated the ability of HGF to recover of the PSA siRNA-suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in U-251-MG cells. PSA siRNA-transfected U-251-MG cells showed the reduction of the proliferation, migration and invasion with compared to control. Treatment of HGF on the PSA siRNA-transfected U-251-MG cells recovered the ability of proliferation, migration and invasion. These data suggest that PSA and HGF may use unique and parallel signaling cascade leading to the proliferative, migrative and invasive phenotype of U-251-MG cells. I also showed that PSA cooperated with HGF to a migrative and invasive phenotype via the increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9.