• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2002

Spherical fine powders of tungsten oxide powders were prepared by the emulsion evaporation method. The characteristics of the powders prepared were examined by means of TGA, X-ray diffraction, SEM and image analysis. The emulsions were prepared by fast mixing of aqueous phase containing tugsten and the organic phase which composed of kerosene, surfactant, and paraffin oil. Precursors were made by evaporating the emulsionin the kerosene bath at $160^{\circ}C$, and then calcined at $650^{\circ}C$ in order to produce tungsten oxide powders. The average particle size of the tungsten oxide powders was $0.5\mutextrm{m}$ and their shapes were spherical at the both case of w/o and o/w type emulsions. As the HLB value of the surfactant increased and the concentration of tungsten ions decreased the mean particle siqe of tungsten oxide powders decreased whereas agglomerationsize increased. The optimum concentration of Span 80 was 8 percent by volume, and the optimum stirring speed in the emulsion formation was 5000 rpm in order to obtain fine and well dispersed $WO_3$ powders.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2010

The ether extract(EE) of leaf tobacco contains diverse compounds such as lipid, resinoid, paraffin hydrocarbons and pigments. Although the correlation of EE concentertion with leaf tobacco has not been established clearly, it is known that in some concentration range, EE concentration of leaf tobacco exerts good influence on the quality of tobacco. Recently, The American Oil Chemist's Society introduced new method(Am 5-04; AOCS, 2009) to determine EE concentration by AT15 extractor. This method is based on extraction with organic solvent at relatively high temperature and pressure, which significantly reduces the extraction time and ensures safety. The aim of this study is to optimize analytical condition of AOCS method for analyzing EE concentration of leaf tobacco. When sample pre-drying time and extraction time of XT15 were set to 3 hour and 30 minute and 30 minute respectively, EE concentration obtained from AOAC method. Statistical analysis(T-test) showed that there is no difference(P>0.05) between EE concentrations from two methods.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.122-134
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• 2022

This study is conducted on hardening leather with improved firmness and stability of shape, based on research on types and thickness of leather. The purpose of this study is to test the physical properties of the leather for molding to prepare the foundation for leather molding based on the test results using four methods by thickness of Vegetable and Split. The tests were conducted using a total of five leather types, including three types of vegetable leathers and two types of split, by thickness. Based on the testing method for leathers in KS M 6882, the tests were performed at 27℃ with relative humidity of 65±20%. The samples were prepared with cowhide, size 9cm× 2cm. The measurement parameters are length and width. thickness, volume, mass, density. Regarding the hardening treatment method, changes in appearance and major physical characteristics of leather were reviewed by soaking in hot water, dry heating, hammering, waxing, and olive oil coating. The study results are as follows. In planar works, it is judged that hardening work using a hammer is more suitable for stiffness or density in order to prevent easy breakage with adult muscle density, rather than boiling water or baking. In conclusion, there is no curling, soot, or breaking phenomenon, and the densest curing method is 50℃ for 20 sec of V2 and 75℃ for 60 sec of V2 in boiling water. The combination of paraffin treatment improve waterproof and quality.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2012

본 연구는 ceresin 왁스와 candellila 왁스 및 microcrystalline왁스를 혼합하고 액체파라핀 오일을 첨가하여 성형한 립스틱(LS-1, LS-2)과 capric/caprylic triglyceride 오일을 첨가하여 성형한 립스틱(LS-3, LS-4)을 각각 제조하여 성형 후 $5^{\circ}C$ 냉장실에 보관한 립스틱(LS-1, LS-3)과 성형 후 냉장실($5^{\circ}C$)에 18시간 방치한 후 항온기($45^{\circ}C$)에 5시간 보관한 다음 냉장실($5^{\circ}C$)에서 계속 보관한 립스틱(LS-2, LS-4) 왁스의 3차원적 구조를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. $5^{\circ}C$ 냉장실에서 보관된 LS-1과 LS-3 립스틱 왁스 구조는 오일의 종류와 관계없이 $45^{\circ}C$ 항온기에 5시간 방치한 다음 냉장실($5^{\circ}C$)에 보관한 LS-2과 LS-4 립스틱의 구조보다 깨끗한 모양을 하고 있었다. 또한, 왁스구조의 크기도 사용한 왁스의 종류와 관계없이 성형 후 보관온도가 증가함에 따라 왁스의 3차원적 구조가 변형되는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과 립스틱의 성형 후 보관온도가 증가하면 왁스구조의 크기가 증가하고 모양도 불규칙하게 변형되어 오일의 발한현상을 일으킬 수 있다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.261-274
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• 2000

당류계 계면활성제인 sucrose distearate(S110), sucrose monostearate(S160), POE(20) ethyl glucose stearate(SSE20)과 오일성분인 알칸 계열의 탄화수소 hexane( $C_{6}$), decane( $C_{10}$), tetradecane( $C_{l4}$), octadecane( $C_{8}$)과 squalane (SQ) , liquid paraffin(LP) , octylpalminate(OP) , octylstearate(OS), alkylbenzoate(AB), isostearylbenzoate(ISB)를 사용하여 에멀젼을 제조하였으며 에멀젼 입자의 구조 형태는 광산란법을 이용하여 fractal 차원으로 나타내었다. 에멀젼 입자의 fractal 차원은 오일의 농도 및 탄소수와 오일의 비극성이 증가함에 따라 크게 나타났다. fractal 차원은 대부분 1.7~2.8으로 입자의 구조 형태는 fractal 구조를 이루고 있으나, S110계와 S160계의 Cla 50, LP의 fractal 차원은 3.0~3.2으로 내부 구조가 비교적 조밀한 회합체 구조를 형성하였다. S160계와 S110계의 fractal 차원은 2.I~2.6으로 서로 비슷한 fractal 구조를 형성하며, SSE20의 fractal 차원는 1.5~2.1으로 S160계 및 S110계 보다 덜 조밀한 회합체 구조를 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 입자의 구조 형태는 오일과 계면활성제의 종류에 영향을 받으며 계면활성제의 친수부가 동일하면 비슷한 구조를 형성하였으며 S160의 친수부 구조인 sucrose보다 SSE20의 polyoxyethylene group에 의한 장애효과가 더욱 크게 나타났다.다..

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed for establishing the discriminative criteria for Aucklandiae Radix, Inulae Radix, Vladimiriae Radix and Aristolochiae Radix, which can be confused as 'Mokhyang', because of similar appearances and synonyms. Methods: Morphological characteristics of dried herbal medicines were compared by macroscopic observation. To examine microscopic features of 'Mokhyang', paraffin embedding and the staining by using Ju's method were conducted. Physicochemical experiments were performed using HPLC analysis and antioxidant assay. Results: The types of stem, phyllotaxy and leaf shape were chosen as macroscopic criteria and the size, oil spots, color and root top as well as phloem and central cylinder were compared using microscopic features. The HPLC results showed different amounts of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone among Aucklandiae Radix, Inulae Radix and Vladimiriae Radix. However, Aristolochiae Radix only contained aristolochic acid. The antioxidant assays also showed that Vladimiriae Radix exhibited strongest antioxidant activity followed by Aucklandiae Radix, Inulae Radix and Aristolochiae Radix. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical methods would be useful tools for the discrimination of 4 kinds of 'Mokhyang'.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1996

In acid-catalyzed acetal cyclization of long aliphatic aldehydes($R=n-C_7H_{15}$ ; $n-C_9H_{19}$ ; $n-C_{11}H_{23}$) with 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 2-alkyl-5-hydroxymethyl-5-ethyl-1,3-dioxanes were obtained. The final products, sodium 2-alkyl-5-(sulfonatedpropylethermethyl)-5-ethyl-1,3-propanesultion in the presence of sodium hydride. These compounds were a new group of destructible surfactants which were readily hydrolyzed and oxidized in natural water reservoirs. Physical properties of these new compounds involved some surface properties such as Krafft point(Kp), critical micelle concentration(cmc), surface tension of aqueous solutions near cmc(${\gamma}_{min}$), foaming power, emulsion power and hydrolysis properties were determined. The destructible surfactants containing 1,3-dioxane ring were synthesized to about $85{\pm}5.5%$ yield. The cmc values of the compounds by ring method were assumed to $0.5{\sim}5.0{\times}10^{-3}mol/L$ range and surface tensions at cmc were $29.5{\sim}33.0dyne/cm$ respectively at $25^{\circ}C$. The foaming power and foam stability were $170{\sim}230mm$ and $52{\sim}135mm$ respectively at $1{\times}10^{-2}mol/L$, foam was occurred rarely below $1{\times}10^{-3}mol/L$. The emulsion property of liquid paraffin was better than that of soybean oil. For hydrolysis property with ph and time, these compounds were decomposed within about 200minutes at $ph1{\sim}2$. Hopefully these compounds are expected to be a good O/W emulsifier that have decomposability in acid and may be used in the process which do not need foaming.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2014

겨울철 저온환경에서 디젤 엔진의 점화를 지원하는 통합형연료히터의 활성화분석용 데이터 모니터랑 장치를 개발한다. 디젤엔진의 연료인 경유는 일정한 온도 이하로 내려가면 파라핀과 같은 반고체 상태인 왁싱(Waxing)물질을 형성하여 엔진시동이 잘 걸리지 않는다. 이러한 엔진점화의 시동성능 평가에 중요한 요소로 극저온에서 극고온사이 온도변화에 따른 엔진점화 시간, 히터 저항과 전류에 따른 지연시간 및 유압 등이 있다. 따라서 연료라인과 연료 히터간 활성화 동작을 분석하기 위해 센서 장치를 개발하고, 온도 및 압력 데이터를 모니터링하여 연료히터의 성능을 측정한다. 연료히터 연료라인의 온도와 압력에서 측정된 데이터는 모바일 기기를 사용하여 원격으로 데이터를 수집하고, 데이터 분석을 통해 연료히터의 문제점을 찾을 수 있는 장치의 유용성을 제시한다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.631-642
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• 2017

작물의 재배 과정 중에 발생하는 해충을 효과적으로 방제하기 위하여 친환경 유기농자재, 미생물 살충제, 화학 살충제와 같은 다양한 방제제가 사용되고 있다. 이들은 다양한 해충과 병을 방제하기 위해 동일한 포장에서 동시에 또는 순차적으로 이용된다. 이 방제제들은 서로 영향을 미쳐 방제 효과도 달라질 수 있다. 따라서 미생물 살충제와 동시에 또는 동일 포장에 처리될 수 있는 다른 농자재의 혼용가능 여부를 조사할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시설하우스에서 가루이류 방제를 위해 등록된 친환경 유기농자재의 전처리가 담배가루이 방제를 위해 개발된 Isaria javanica 균주의 포자 발아, 균사 성장 그리고 방제효율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 담배가루이 방제용으로 국내에서 개발된 I. javanica 균주는 4종(A, 파라핀오일+계피오일; B, 대두유; C, 님추출물+참깨오일; D, 채종유)의 가루이류 방제용 친환경 살충제 중 A 살충제에 의해 포자 발아($8.9{\pm}1.3%{\sim}24.5{\pm}0.9%$) 및 균사 성장($0.81{\pm}0.01cm{\sim}0cm$)이 감소되었다. 담배가루이 방제에서 친환경 유기농자재와 I. javanica 사이의 처리 간격이 미치는 효과 조사를 위해, 친환경 유기농자재 4종을 I. javanica 균주 처리 0, 1, 4, 7일 전 처리하고 방제 효과를 조사하였다. 친환경 유기농자재 전처리는 4종 모두 I. javanica의 담배가루이 방제효과를 감소시켰다. 따라서 국내에 등록된 가루이류 방제용 친환경 유기농자재 4종과 개발된 곰팡이 살충제 I. javanica를 동시에 또는 순차적으로 이용할 경우, 상호영향을 고려하여 7일 이상의 간격을 두고 살포하는 것이 효과적으로 담배가루이를 방제 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2008

Objectives: To determine the standards for discrimination of Magnoliae Cortex, the experiment of specific external-internal characters and the physicochemical pattern analysis were performed. Methods: External characteristics was observed using a stereoscope. Paraffin-mediated sectioned materials were stained by Ju's method. Physicochemical patterns of materials were analyzed using HPLC. Results: 1. Botanical characteristics: Magnolia officinalis had one seed and a white flower, while M. obovata had two seeds and a white flower. Machilus thunbergii had berry and spherical fruits and yellowish green panicles. 2. External characteristics: M. officinalis and M obovata were dark and thick. M. officinalis was gray brown and greasy while M. obovata was light-gray, less oily and smoothly sectioned. Machilus thunbergii was thin and relatively light or yellow-brown, coarsely sectioned and faintly specific scents. 3. Internal characteristics: The bast parts of M. officinalis and M. obovata were commonly wider than Machilus thunbergii The cork cortex of M. officinalis was $10{\sim}mg/L$ cell layers with many oil cells, while that of M. obovata was $4{\sim}7$ cell layers with less oil cells. Machilus thunbergii's xylem which consisted of ring-shaped cambium at 1st and 2nd part was occupied in large portion. 4. Physicochemical pattern: Both M. officinalis and M. obovata involved honokiol and magnolol. All kinds of M. officinalis involved Magnatriol B but one kind of M. ovobata and all of Machilus thunbergii didn't. Machilus thunbergii showed different pattern of chromatogram from that of 2 species above. Conclusions: These results could be used as standards for discrimination of Magnoliae Cortex and as the method of objectification in medicinal herbs giving the basic resource for bioactivity research.