• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2009

A conservation corrugated box for storing document archives was developed. The specifications of the double-walled E-flute corrugated conservation box were modified from those of the Library of Congress, USA. The Photographic activity test (PAT) of ISO 18916 was used to ensure protection of the archival contents from adverse effects of the container itself. Accelerated aging was conducted to evaluate the conservative properties of the box components. Atomic force microscopy was also used to evaluate changes in the cellulose surface due to accelerated aging.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 여수 진남관 보수 정비 사업 중 발견된 상량문(1965년 기록)을 중심으로 재질의 성분분석 및 보존처리를 수행하였다. 상량문은 금속함에 말아 보관되어 있었으며, 결손, 변색, 경화, 이물질에 의한 손상 등이 확인되었다. X-선 형광분석(XRF) 결과 구리(Cu)로 제작된 금속함에서 기인한 녹이 상량문 표면에 고착되어 있었다. 상량문 표면에 대해 적외선분광법(FT-IR)과 열분해-GC/MS(Pyrolysis-GC/MS) 분석을 실시한 결과 카르보닐기와 지방산 화합물 등이 확인되어 상량문 표면 유기물은 기름 성분으로 확인되었다. 섬유 동정 결과 닥나무 인피섬유가 사용된 것으로 판단된다. 성분분석 및 상태조사, 접착제 예비 실험 등을 바탕으로 보존처리 재료를 선정하였으며, 닥섬유지와 메틸셀룰로오즈 등을 이용하여 보강 후 부분적으로 배접하였다.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2011

For manufacturing the tape for repairing archival documents, we tested ten carrier candidates for selecting best material. The tensile strength, transmissivity, stability of deterioration, and processability were determined. Physical-chemical characteristics and stability of deterioration was best to the Hanji. Tensile strength and transmissivity was best in tracing paper, but was low in oil paper, white sketch paper, lyon coat paper. Synthetic carrier to tensile strength showed higher than paper carrier and to the transmissivity showed 2-8 times higher than paper carriers. The tracing paper to the transmissivity was 10 times higher than others. To determine characteristic of conservation to the selected carriers, stability of deterioration was examined at conditions of $90^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. Oil paper and white sketch paper turned strongly yellowish. Cellulopane, Felt, and Cpp film showed stable stability of deterioration, but deformation like wrinkles. PET film and Syntheletic film showed excellent conservation characteristics without any change of exterior. Test of adhesive uniform between carriers and adhesive processability was performed. PET film > Syntheletic film > Tracing Paper in order were determined. Ununiformal adhesive characteristics appeared to Hangi. Accordingly, we thought that Hanji as carrier material might be unsuitable because of low adhesive processability.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2012

The Annals of Joseon Dynasty, which recorded governmental affairs for 472 years (AD 1392-1863) during the Joseon dynasty is an representative paper cultural heritage in Korea. Being recognised their authenticity and values they were designated as the No 151 national treasure of Korea in 1973 and registered as 'The Memories of the World' by UNESCO in 1997. Unusually, some volumes of the Annals were treated by beeswax for the permanent preservation. However, the examinations on the deterioration of the beeswax-treated volumes had been exposed the serious damage than the untreated volumes. In particular, the larger amount of beeswax were worst in deterioration condition. In order to solve these problems, NRICH(National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) of Korea launched the investigation study for the conservation of beeswax-treated volumes of the Annals. Now then, the five study areas have been set up; 1) to understand the damaged condition of the Annals; 2) to analyse the raw materials and production techniques; 3) to test the degradation degree using the duplication samples for understanding the aging factors and mechanism; 4) to develop the conservation techniques through dewaxing and thereafter strengthening the base paper of Hanji; 5) to develop the long-term storage technique using inert gases. On the basis of outcomes from this study, NRICH will plan to establish the systematic conservation and management plan for the beeswax-treated volumes of the Annals in future.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권30호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2009

Annals of the Joseon Dynasty were composed of 1,229 volumes, and the 475 copies of total annals were wax-treated. Compared to non-wax treated copies, waxed volume of annals were seriously damaged such as crack, stick, discoloration to brown or black, and partially degradation. It is believed that the purpose of wax treatment for some volumes in the annals of the Joseon Dynasty is to prevent paper to deteriorate and to keep for the long time. But, beeswax could be deteriorated itself more rapidly. As a result, the waxed volume was much more damaged than non-waxed volume. Therefore, the investigation of decomposition and deterioration mechanism of beeswax-treated paper which might be used in waxed volume of the annals of the Joseon Dynasty must be done in order to prevent further decomposition and to restore the degraded wax-treated copies of the annals. For basis data of this purpose, physical properties of beeswax-treated paper be analyzed by coating methods. In result, sample products was manufactured reproducibility in lab scale. Specially, beeswax-treated method improved a orientation of papers. And the brushing method was stronger than the dipping method.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.407-420
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• 2018

이충무공 종가 관련 고문서는 덕수이씨 후손가에서 보관해오던 것으로 다양한 종류의 문서가 전해지고 있다. 연구대상인 고신교지, 증직교지, 교첩, 교서, 유서, 홍패, 칙명의 국왕문서 7종은 그 제작시기가 명확하고 고문서의 원형을 그대로 유지하고 있어 보존처리 과정에서 과학적 조사 분석을 통해 당시 고문서 제작에 사용되었던 종이 특성을 확인하고 문헌 기록의 내용과 실제 문화재를 일부 비교해 볼 수 있었다. 표면 섬유 형태에서 '외발뜨기(흘림뜨기)' 초지방식으로 제작된 형태 특성이 확인되었으며, 밀도 측정과 종이 표면 분석에서는 대부분의 고문서에서 도침 가공된 종이특성이 관찰되었다. 섬유 분석에서는 모두 닥섬유를 원료로 제작하였으며, 주로 성숙한 닥나무 인피섬유가 사용된 것으로 확인되었다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.416-429
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• 2019

보채는 지류문화재 보존처리의 마지막 단계로 주로 봉채를 사용한다. 본 연구는 지류문화재 보채에 쓰이는 4종의 봉채(본람, 등황, 연지, 대자)를 한지에 채색한 후 채색 양상을 확인하고 인공열화를 통해 색변화 양상을 확인하고자 하였다. 채색 양상을 관찰한 결과 본람·연지·대자는 미세한 안료 입자가 도포되는 형태였으며, 등황은 피막을 형성하였다. 봉채의 X선 회절분석 결과 본람과 연지, 대자에서 석영과 방해석, 납석이 공통적으로 검출되었고, 대자에서 침철석이 추가로 검출되었다. 인공열화 결과 습열열화에서 등황이 노란색에서 주황색으로 변색되었으며, 자외선열화에서는 등황과 연지가 탈색되었다. 결과적으로 봉채로 보채된 지류문화재는 등황이 채색된 경우 알칼리에 의해 주황색으로 변색될 수 있으며, 자외선에 의해 등황과 연지의 탈색이 우선적으로 발생하여 전체적인 색상이 어두워짐을 예측할 수 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to assess conservation value of forests and cultivated areas from the landscape ecological point of view. The main focus of landscape ecology estimates the reciprocal relationships between spatial patterns and ecological processes. This paper sets the criteria for conservation value and classify the conservation value based on the criteria. Forests and cultivated areas in Seo-Gu, Incheon Metropolitan City was selected as the case study area. In this research, factors such as patch size and connectivity have been selected in order to consider the landscape ecological aspect, gradient for the environmental physics aspect and to consider the environment-ecological aspect, grade of environmental-oriented land suitability analysis Map developed by the ROK Ministry of Environment has been utilized. GIS methodologies have been adopted to calculate the relationships among the above variables. Through literature review, the following evaluation criteria have been adopted: (1) based on island biogeography and metapopulation dynamics theory, patch size criteria are set 2ha and 10ha; (2) connectivity was set the degree of connection with surrounding grids; and (3) gradient of 20 degrees. Conclusively, this paper suggests that local conditions, landscape ecology and physical environment aspects should be considered to develop an estimation framework of the conservation value.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

The annals of Joseon Dynasty designated as a national treasure No. 151 and a UNESCO World Memory are among the greatest archives that should be preserved permanently and inherited to future generations through the proven scientific conservation method. The annals of Joseon Dynasty in the custody of the National Archives of Korea as the sole original archive, has been restricted from the direct physical and chemical approaches. In this study, it is to develop a systematic conservation management scheme, based on the conservation state of the annals. Four books from the annals were selected out of 848 books and their moisture contents and optical property profiles were measured through the books. All the defects previously and newly found were pictured in 10~100 magnifications. The wire marks left on the Hanji's of the annals were analyzed. It was found that water damages and paper molds were prevalent in all four annals selected, and it was recommended to conduct more research for the conservation of those damaged areas. It turned out that various qualities of Hanji's were used for the time of publishing the annals because moisture content, optical properties, and wire mark intervals were quite different between papers even within one book.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권30호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of artificial accelerated ageing treatment on the permanence of lining papers produced from Korea and Japan. As time gone by, organic cultural properties are affected by chemical and physical deterioration because of various factors including the conditions of preservation environment and their material properties. In the public historical storage or owned as private collections, are vulnerable to sever amages caused by poor preservation environment as well as by other natural factors. In this study, the deterioration behaviors of lining paper in optical & mechanical properties were discussed. Overall, lining papers produced from Korea showed lower reduction in mechanical strength properties compared to the lining papers produced from Japan.