• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 1990

Panoramic radiography is convenient in clinic and visualizes those areas which other technique do not give. But the technique has limitation of image distortion which results from the relationship of the ramus to the focal trough and from the direction of the central ray. This study is, using 7 dry skulls, to determine the effect of rotation of patient's head on reducing those distortion and determine the magnification ratio of images of mandibular condyle in rotated patient head position. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Generally, in panoramic radiography the anterolateral portion of the mandibular condyle was best to be visualized. 2. There are no significant difference between the image readability of anteromedial portion and that of anterocentral portion of the mandibular condyle. 3. Anterolateral portion of the mandibular condyle was better visualized in rotated head position by 20 degree or horizontal condylar inclination than in conventional position or in rotated head position by 10 degree. 4. The magnification ratio of the anteroposterior diameter in the image of mandibular condyle was least in the rotated head position by horizontal inclination of the mandibular condyle and was largest by 20 degree.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2003

Purpose: To determine whether the mandibular radiomorphometric indices in panoramic radiography are correlated with the bone mineral density of Cu-equivalent images in intraoral film. Materials and Methods: The bone mineral density (BMD) of the mandibular premolar area was measured in the Cu-equivalent image of intraoral film. The Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI) and Mandibular Cortical Width (MCW) were measured in panoramic radiographs of six dry mandibles, and the Pearson correlation between PMI, MCW, and BMD were tested. Results: There were no significant correlations between PMI and BMD (r = 0.280), nor between MCW and BMD (r =0.237). Conclusion: The results show that PMI and MCW were poor diagnostic indicators of mandibular BMD in the six dry mandibles used in this study. The correlationship between the mandibular radiomorphometric indices (PMI and MCW) and mandibular BMD needs to be researched further using large in vivo patient samples.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.223-239
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• 1999

Purpose: to evaluate the usefulness of the panoramic radiography, generally used in dental clinic, for the detection of the maxillary sinus pathosis due to the inflammation and tumor, through the comparison with CT findings as the absolute standard. Materials & Methods: 150 maxillary sinuses of 75 patients with or without particular signs and symptoms and showing soft tissue lesions or destruction of maxillary sinus walls in at least one sinus in CT, were selected as subject samples, and the panoramic radiography of the same patients were interpretated by 3 dental radiologists and 3 non dental radiologist given no previous informations. Using the CT findings as the absolute standard, the diagnostic ability of panoraimc radiography in the mucosal thickening, maxillary sinus haziness, inferior wall destruction, medial wall destruction, posterolateral wall destruction and the superior wall destruction was evaluated using the ROC curve and the difference between dental radiologist group and non dental radiologist group was also evaluated. Results: 1. When dental radiologist group interpretated the destruction of inferior wall and posterolateral wall, the kappa value which shows interobserver's coincidence was above 0.75. 2. The diagnostic ability according to site of interpretation was the highest when the inferior wall was interpretated in both observer groups and there was a statistically significant difference between the dental radiologist group and non dental radiologist group in interpretating the mucosal thickening, haziness, destruction of the inferior and medial wall(p<0.05). 3. The diagnostic ability in detecting the destruction of the sinus walls was better than in soft tissue lesions in both groups and between the groups there was a statistically significant difference(p<0.05). Conclusion: When detecting the destruction of inferior and posterolateral wall of the maxillary sinus there was coincident with that of CT findings, and so it is considered that diagnostic ability of panoramic radiography is high in this point. But in interpretating the destruction of medial wall and soft tissue lesions, diagnostic ability of the panoramic radiography was relatively low and there was a significant difference between the dental radiologist group and non dental radiologist group. Therefore CT or other auxiliary diagnostic method will be necessary when evaluating thorough pathosis of maxillary sinus objectively.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2022

Background: Dental hygienists study dental radiology through the dental hygiene department and curriculum, and most of the radiography work in dental clinics is performed by dental hygienists; however, the legal work regulations for dental hygienists place restrictions on the type of radiography performed. This study aimed to identify the actual conditions of the radiographic work performed by dental hygienists and to determine the difference according to the type of hospital. Methods: This study included 195 dental hygienists working at dental medical institutions in the metropolitan area. A survey was conducted on regarding the radiographic work performed and the clinical career of the main performers. The radiography work was divided into periapical radiography, bite-wing radiography, occlusal radiography, panoramic radiography, computed tomography (CT), and cephalometric radiography. Results: The frequency of performing intraoral radiography was as follows: periapical radiography, 94.9%; bite-wing radiography, 93.8%; and occlusal radiography, 77.9%. The frequency of performing extraoral radiography was 94.4% for panoramic radiography, 89.7% for CT, and 73.3% for cephalometric radiography. The frequency of internal and external radiography performance was higher among hygienists in dental clinics than among those in dental hospitals and university hospitals. The analysis of the dental hygienists' clinical experience in the areas of intraoral and extraoral radiography showed that those working at university hospitals, dental hospitals, and dental clinics had over 5 years, 2~4 years, and 1 year of clinical experience, respectively. The hygienists with less than 1 year of clinical experience showed high performance frequency (p<0.05). Conclusion: For the dental hygienists to perform radiography safely, a discussion regarding the revision of related laws and regulations is warranted.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.129-133
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• 2001

Purpose: To compare the copper equivalent values measured at premolar and molar areas in the copper equivalent images of panoramic and intraoral radiographs and to evaluate the possibility of the copper equivalent images of panorama for the assessment the bone density. Materials and Methods : Intraoral radiograms at mandibular premolar and molar area and panoramas of 6 human dry skulls were taken with copper-step wedge by Heliodent MD (Siemens Co., Germany) and by Planmeca (PM 2002 CC, Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) were used for experiment. The copper equivalent values measured at premolar and molar areas in the copper equivalent im ages of panorama and intraoral film were compared. Results: The copper equivalent values were ranged 0.20 mmCu-0.44 mmCu at the molar areas, 0.05 mmCu-0.31 mmCu at the premolar areas on panoramic images. There were no significant differences (p>0.5) between the copper equivalent values on intraoral images and those on panoramic images measured at premolar areas and molar areas respectively. The correlation coefficient between the copper equivalent values on intraoral images and those on panoramic images was respectively 0.8495 at molar areas and 0.6184 at premolar areas. Conclusions : The copper equivalent images of panorama for the assessment the bone density appeared to be significant at molar area compared with the one of intraoral radiograph.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.217-221
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• 2003

Purpose : To evaluate the use of the vertical tube shift from a panoramic film and a periapical film to localize unerupted maxillary incisors and supernumeraries. Materials and Methods : The total of 103 displaced maxillary incisors or embedded supernumeraries were examined in this study. The vertical tube shift technique with panoramic and periapical radiography by normal projection taken and compared to localize the position of the embedded maxillary incisors or supernumeraries by a radiologist and 5 general dentists. The gold standard used for the radiographic comparisons was the true position of the embedded tooth as confirmed by horizontal tube shift technique using three periapical radiographs. The general dentist examiners were instructed on the use of the modified acronym 'SLDOBU' by the radiologist as it pertains to panoramic radiographs as the principle of vertical tube shift. Results: All of the embedded maxillary incisors and supernumeraries were successfully located using the vertical tube shift from a panoramic and a maxillary anterior periapical radiograph by the radiologist and 5 general dentists. Conclusion: The use of a panoramic film with a periapical film combination for a vertical tube shift can be useful to localize unerupted maxillary incisors and supernumeraries.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2004

Purpose : This study was conducted to compare the radiomorphometric indices of the mandible on panoramic radiographs among three groups of normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis and to determine whether panoramic indices have validity in predicting osteoporotic risk. Materials and Methods: Ninty-four postmenupausal women aged 42-72 years (mean 62±7.5) were examined using dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry (DEXA) of the lumbar and classified into three groups by WHO classification. Panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical thickness (Mental index (MI), Antegonial index (AI), Gonial index (G!)) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI) were measured bilaterally on panoramic radiographs and analyzed. Results: There were signigicant differences among normal, osteopenic and osteoporoti groups in PMI (I), PMI (S), MI, AI, GI and MCI. The sensitivities of the MCI (93%) and the combination index of MCI and MI (90%) in diagnosing osteopenic/osteoporotic cases were high. Conclusion: The widths and shapes of the mandibular cortical bone on panoramic radiography may highly reflect the systemic osteopenic/osteoporotic conditions of the patients.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the difference of the movement of the mandibular condyles between trans cranial and panoramic TMJ radiographs to view the movement of the mandibular condyles. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four paired transcranial and panoramic TMJ radiographs of patients were used to evaluate the movement of the mandibular condyle. The distances, from the most superior point of the mandibular condyle to the most inferior point of the articular eminence on both radiographs, were measured. The measurements were taken at closed state and maximum opening state of each radiograph on both side. Differences between matched pairs were analysed by paired t-test, with significance established at P<0.05. Results and Conclusion: The mean distance, from the most superior point of the mandibular condyle to the most inferior point of the articular eminence on both radiographs, was statistically different at each side (P<0.05). At closing state, the mean distance measured on panoramic TMJ radiographs was longer than on transcranial radio-graphs (0.85 mm at right side, 1.20 mm at left side). But at maximum opening state, the mean distance on transcranial radiographs was longer (1.00 mm at right side, 0.62 mm at left side) than panoramic TMJ radiographs.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 2010

Purpose : To investigate and compare the prevalence, size, and location of maxillary sinus septa on panoramic and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods : Two hundred patients who had taken both panoramic and CBCT images were included. The location of maxillary sinus septa on the panoramic radiographs were recorded and confirmed on the CBCT images. Also the size of septa was measured on the reformatted CBCT images. Results : The prevalence of the patients who had maxillary sinus septa was 51.0% and they showed 179 septa totally. Among them 51.0% of the patients had one septum, 32.4% two septa, 13.7% three, and 2.9% four. The measured heights of the septa were $4.37{\pm}2.87\;mm$, $3.51{\pm}2.47\;mm$, and $3.04{\pm}2.37\;mm$ in the medial, middle, and lateral areas, respectively. It was revealed that 1.0% was located at canine region, 18.0% at first premolar, 25.0% at second premolar, 22.7% at first molar, 19.8% at second molar, and 14.0% at third molar region. Among 213 septa depicted by the panoramic radiographs, only 69.0% were confirmed at the CBCT images. Conclusion : Since various heights and courses of the septa can develop in all parts of the maxillary sinus, adequate assessment of the inner aspect of the maxillary sinus is essential to avoid complications during sinus augmentation procedures. CBCT scanning is the preferred radiographic method for detecting the presence of sinus septa.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.275-282
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• 1999

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare clinical examination of dental caries and secondary caries with panoramic examination. and to examine bone lesions and dental anomaly of unerupted state. Materials and Methods: In this study. clinical records and panoramic radiographs were available for 89 first grade students in elementary school. Dental caries of occlusal surfaces. proximal surfaces. and buccolingual surfaces were examined. Secondary caries was examined too. In addition. the central lesion and dental anomaly of unerupted state were examined in panoramic radiographs. Results: The obtained results were as followed: 1. Carious detectability of clinical examination in occlusal and buccolingual surface was higher than that of panoramic examination. but it is statistically insignificant(p>0.05). In proximal surface. carious detect ability of panoramic examination was higher than that of clinical examination. and it is statistically significant(p<0.01). 2. In contrast to clinical examination only. when the two examination methods were combined. there was additional detection of dental caries(26.7％ in occlusal surface. 48.2％ in proximal surface. 33.3％ in buccolingual surface. and 38.3％ totally). 3. In detection of secondary caries. panoramic examination had lower ability than clinical examination in all three surfaces. but in case that both methods were combined. totally 36.0％ extra carious lesions were detected. 4. In panoramic examination. detectability of secondary caries in upper teeth is lower than lower teeth. 5. In panoramic examination. it was possible to detect the central lesions and dental anomalies of unerupted state which cannot be detected in clinical examination. Conclusion: It is useful to combine the panoramic examination with clinical examination in order to increase carious detectability and to evaluate the central lesions and dental anomalies of unerupted state