• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.1585-1590
• /
• 2002

Thirty female goats of local breed (mature weight 28 kg), weighing 11 to 18 kg, were used in a growth experiment with the objectives to evaluate the effect of different levels of Gliricidia sepium leaves in a diet of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) on feed intake, weight gain and apparent digestibility. The goats were allotted to five treatments, consisting of 5 levels, 0 (GL-0), 20 (GL-20), 30 (GL-30), 40 (GL-40) and 50% (GL-50) of Gliricidia sepium leaves in the diet based on the energy requirements of the goats. Another six female goats were used to study the digestibility of three dietary treatments, GL-0, GL-30 and GL-50, according to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square arrangement. The crude protein (CP) content in Gliricidia was higher and the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) lower than in the Guinea grass. Increasing the amount of Gliricidia leaves resulted in similar intake of total dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), NDF and ADF among treatments, but CP intake increased with increasing Gliricidia in the diet. The highest total DM intake was 3.0% of body weight in the GL-20 diet. The highest daily live weight gain was 43 g/day in the GL-30 diet. Inclusion of 30% of Gliricidia leaves improved the apparent DM, OM and CP digestibility compared to 0% or 50% inclusion. NDF and ADF digestibility declined with increasing levels of Gliricidia leaves in the diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 1995

An experiment was conducted to study the comparative performance of cattle fed young or mature guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. ecotype A) and urea supplemented rice straw. Evaluation was based on intake and digestibility parameters. Twelve crossbred bulls calves weighing $90{\pm}15$ kg were offered young (4 weeks regrowth) or mature (9 weeks regrowth) grass in the long or chopped (10-15 cm) form, and rice straw supplemented with urea. The diets were offered 30-60% in excess of voluntary intake, and the experiment consisted of two periods. The crude protein content of the young grass, mature grass and the straw offered were 12.2, 5.4 and 7.7%, respectively, and the refusal was 10.1, 3.9 and 7.0%, respectively. The organic matter digestibility of the young grass (69%) was significantly higher than the mature grass (62.5%) and straw (55.8%) diets. The organic matter intake (kg/100 kg LW/day) of the unchopped and chopped grass diets were 2.6 and 3.3 respectively, and these values were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the young grass (2.3) and straw (2.1) diets. The digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) of the mature grass diet offered in the chopped form (2.1 kg/100 kg LW/day) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the other three diets. The DOMI of the young and mature grass offered in the long form was similar (1.6 kg/100 kg LW/day), but were significantly better (p < 0.01) than the urea supplemented straw diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 1989

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of frequency of defoliation on the ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of Guineaecotype 'A' (Panicum maximum Jacq) grass. Guinea grass harvested at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12-week cutting intervals was chopped (2 cm) and ensiled alone or with the addition of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) meal (w/w-fresh weight basis), for periods of 6, 7 or 8 weeks in 2-litre laboratory silos. Dry matter, water soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid, pH, ash, nitrogen and digestibility in vitro were measured in representative samples of preensiled and ensiled material. Dry matter content of silages prepared from herbage harvested at 2 and 3 weeks intervals was lower (P<0.05) compared to longer defoliation intervals. The pH of silage prepared from herbage over 8 weeks old were higher (P<0.05) than those harvested below 8 weeks. The water soluble carbohydrate content of silage prepared from 3-weekly defoliated herbage was higher (P<0.05) than those prepared from longer periods. Lengthened growth period decreased (P<0.001) the crude protein content of the ensiled material, whereas the addition of coconut meal resulted in marginal increases. In vitro organic matter digestibility of the silages decreased (P<0.05) with the increase in forage maturity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.349-357
• /
• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of supplements containing different energy sources in relation to mineral supplementation of steers grazing guineagrass (Panicum maximum cv Tanz$\hat{a}$nia) pasture, during the dry season. The experimental design was a randomized block with three treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a mineral supplementation and two other supplements, one based on corn seed and the other based on soybean hulls, and provided at 0.8% of body weight. Forty-eight, 12 month-old crossbred steers with an average initial body weight of 267 kg, were assigned to twelve paddocks (1,125 ha) of guineagrass. The animals that were fed with soybean hulls and corn seed presented a greater average daily gain (0.982 and 0.937) when compared with the mineral supplementation. Soybean hulls can be used as a satisfactory food source, replacing corn as an energy source in the supplementation of beef cattle without compromising animal performance.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.146-153
• /
• 1998

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 건답직파재배(乾畓直播栽培)시 문제가 되는 잡초(雜草) 중(中) 미국개기장의 발아(發芽)에 있어서 변온(變溫)과 저온층적처리(低溫層積處理)시 휴면타파(休眠打破) 후(後) 발아양상(發芽樣相), 수분(水分) 포텐셜 감소에 따른 발아(發芽)와 초기(初期) 생육(生育), 수위(水位)에 따른 출아(出芽) 양상(樣相)과 담수시(湛水時) 생존(生存)정도 등을 알아보았다. 1. 미국개기장을 각각 21, 28, 42일간 저온층적처리(低溫層積處理) 후(後)$25^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$의 변온(變溫)에서 발아율(發芽率)은 각각 1, 35, 44%였고, 발아속도(發芽速度)는 0.6, 24.4 30.0로서 6주 정도의 저온층적(低溫層積)으로 미국개기장의 휴면(休眠)이 많이 타파(打破)되었다. 2. 미국개기장과 돌피의 발아율(發芽率)은 변온(變溫)($30^{\circ}C/20^{\circ}C$)에서 97.6%와 94%였고, $20^{\circ}C/10^{\circ}C$에서는 34.6%와 90.4%였다. 발아속도(發芽速度)는 $30^{\circ}C/20^{\circ}C$에서는 77.3과 75.9였고, $20^{\circ}C/10^{\circ}C$에서는 27.3과 9.1로서 저온(低溫)에서 돌피가 미국개기장에 비해 발아(發芽)가 잘 되었다. 3. 수분(水分) 포텐셜 저하에 따라 발아율(發芽率)은 $30^{\circ}C$에서 미국개기장은 -0.3MPa에서는 88.7%였고, -0.6MPa 이후에 급속한 감소를 보였다. 돌피는 -0.8MPa까지는 87% 이상을 보이다가 -0.9MPa에서 급속한 감소를 보였다. $20^{\circ}C$에서는 돌피가 -0.7MPa이후 점차 감소하였고, 미국개기장은 발아(發芽) 적온(適溫) 이하의 온도(溫度) 영향으로 낮은 발아율(發芽率)을 보였다. $30^{\circ}C$에서 미국개기장은 0MPa에서는 유아장(幼芽長)과 유근장(幼根長)이 각각 1.47mm와 1.23cm였으나, -0.3MPa 이하는 유근장(幼根長)이 우세하였고, 돌피는 -0.6MPa는 유아장(幼芽長)이 길었으나 -0.7MPa 이하에서 유근장(幼根長)이 우세하였다. 4. 미국개기장은 수심(水深)이 깊어질수록 출현(出現) 개체수가 줄어들었는데, 6cm 이상의 수심(水深)에서 출현율(出現率)은 급격히 감소되었다. 담수후(湛水後) 생존율(生存率)은 수심 0cm와 3cm에서는 85.8%와 37.3%였고, 6cm와 9cm수심에서는 각각 15.1%와 18.2%로 급격한 감소를 보였다. 6, 9cm의 생존유묘수는 0cm에 비해 약 1/5로 감소하였고, 생존(生存) 개체(個體)의 생체중(生體重)과 건물중(乾物重)은 수면(水面)으로부터 3cm에서 9cm까지 점점 감소하는 경향을 띠었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.180-187
• /
• 2012

Panicum maximum, Panicum repens, Imperata cylindrica, Pennisetum polystachion and Cyperus rotundus are five rhizomatous grass weeds that exist and are problematic in the coconut lands of Sri Lanka. Rhizomatous weeds are the most difficult to control because of their vegetative reproduction by underground propagules. Therefore chemical and biological techniques have failed to control these weeds to acceptable levels. Experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of depth of burial, duration of sun drying or duration of air drying rhizomes of the selected weed species on germination. Depth of burial reduced germination of all species. Burying rhizomes at depths less than 10 cm inhibited germination of P. maximum and P. polystachion. Burying depths below 30~40 cm inhibited germination of all species. Sun drying or air drying rhizomes for durations less than 5 days inhibited germination of P. maximum and P. polystachion. Germinations of all species were inhibited by sun drying rhizomes for 15 days or air drying rhizomes for 20 days. Sun drying of rhizomes of all species for five days reduced the moisture content to a greater extent than air drying. The results indicated that burying rhizomes at the depthsbelow 30~40 cm, sun drying rhizomes for durations beyond 15 days or air drying rhizomes for durations beyond 20 days would be effective in controlling germination of these species. The investigations of the experiments also suggest that keeping rhizomes on the soil surface without burying, sun drying rhizomes or air drying rhizomes for durations of 5~15 days would produce weak plants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.335-342
• /
• 1994

This study was undertaken at Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, as part of a larger forage genetic resource evaluation project. The experimental program consisted of a field experiment where grass and legume species were grown in monocultures and the dry matter yield, rumen bag digestibility (RBDMD) and N content of leaf and stem components were monitored in the wet and dry seasons. Eight species of grass (Brachiaria decwnbens cv. Basilisk. Panicum maximum cv. Riversdale, Urochloa pullulans CPI 41192, Imperata cylindrica from Maiwa, South Sulawesi, Digitaria milanjiana CPI 41193, Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Malopo, Heteropogon contorlus and Setaria sphacelata cv. Splenda) were studied. P. maximum was the highest yielding grass in the wet season and B. decumbens in the dry season. The highest RBDMD in the whole plants were U. pulluians, P. maximum, S. sphacelata and D. milanjiana after 2 weeks regrowth in cycle I and S. sphacelata, B. decumbens, D. milanjiana and C. ciliaris in cycle 2. When total digestible DM was calculated for the whole of cycle I, P. maximum, B. decumbens and S. sphacelata were superior, but B. decumbens produced over twice as much as the other species in the dry season (cycle 2). The leaf N concentration of all grasses exceeded 1.0% (6.25% crude protein) in the regrowth in cycle I but did not exceed 0.5% in the dry season regrowth (cycle 2).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.176-180
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to establish clipping interval of Pennisetum orientale (PO) and Panicum antidotale (PA) to get maximum biomass production with optimal nutritional value for Nili buffaloes. Two clipping intervals i.e. $CI_1$, and $CI_2$ (clipped after every one and two months, respectively) were studied for both grasses. The data on various parameters were compared with PO and PA each clipped at 4 months of age (control). Leaf to stem ratio in both PO and PA declined with increasing clipping interval. Concentration of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) increased (p<0.05) whereas crude protein contents decreased with increasing clipping interval in both grasses. Crude protein and dry herbage yields in PO and PA increased (p<0.05) with increasing clipping interval. The DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibilities of PO and PA in ruminally cannulated buffalo bulls decreased (p<0.05) due to more lignification with increasing clipping interval. Ruminal extent of digestion, rate of disappearance of DM and neutral detergent fiber of PO and PA decreased in buffaloes while ruminal lag time of these nutrients increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing clipping interval. The results from the study imply that two month clipping interval for both PO and PA grasses favored higher biomass with greater nutritional value for Nili buffaloes and sustained grass vigor.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 2010

기니아그라스의 유성생식 계통과 아포믹시스 계통을 이용하여 최적의 조직배양 조건을 검토하기 위하여 절편체 부위의 조직배양 능력 및 배양배지의 조건을 검토하였다. 그 결과 미성 숙배를 분리한 후 L-proline 2 g/L가 첨가된 캘러스 유도 배지에 치상하였을 때 높은 캘러스 유도율 및 활발한 증식을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 유도된 캘러스를 대상으로 재분화 효율을 조사한 결과, 성숙종자 유래의 캘러스는 재분화 능력을 가지고 있지 않은 반면에, 미성숙배 유래 캘러스로부터는 높은 재분화 효율이 관찰되었다. 따라서 기니아그라스의 조직배양에 있어서 사용되는 절편체의 부위는 매우 중요하며, 미성숙배는 캘러스 유도와 식물체 재분화에 있어서 매우 효과적인 부위임이 증명되었다. 또한 미성숙배의 계통별 재분화 능력에는 차이가 있었으며, 가장 낮은 재분화율을 보인 계통을 이용하여 식물체 재분화에 영향을 미치는 $AgNO_3$의 효과를 조사하였다. 고농도의 $AgNO_3$는 albino 신초의 발생을 유발하는 반면, 2 mg/L의 저농도로 $AgNO_3$를 재분화 배지에 첨가하였을 때 정상적인 신초의 높은 재분화 효율이 관찰되었다. 본 연구에서 확인된 캘러스 유도 및 식물체 재분화 조건은 형질전환을 통한 기니아그라스의 신품종 개발 및 식물의 생식 양식의 메커니즘을 규명하는데 매우 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.21-25
• /
• 1988

The rumen degradability of rice straw (untreated, urea-sprayed, urea-treated), grasses (Panicum maximum, Pennisetum clandestinum) and rice bran was compared. The mean in vivo organic matter digestibility of the untreated (US), urea-supplemented (SS) and urea-ammonia treated (TS) rice straw were 50.9, 53.9 and 57.4%, respectively. Rice bran contained extremely high levels of acid-insoluble ash (25.2% DM), and its OMD was 36.1%. Grasses had OMD values around 66%. Degradability measurements were performed with buffaloes using the nylon bag technique. The organic matter (OM) disappearance data were fitted to an model which was used to describe degradation pattern. The mean potentially degradable fraction for US, SS and TS was 61.5, 61.9 and 69.4%, respectively. Urea-ammonia treatment increased both the amount of OM degraded and the rate at which it was degraded in the rumen. Both grasses had similar values for degradable fraction (around 65%) and for rate constant for degradation (0.04). Rice bran contained high proportions of readily soluble material (23.9%), but the degradable OM fraction was only 13.2%. The low quality of rice bran is attributed to the contamination of rice hulls during processing.